Difference between revisions of "Hämeenkyrö MSWI risk assessment: Indicators"
(→Transportation costs of waste: description) |
(→Health effects of dioxins and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) |
||
| Line 371: | Line 371: | ||
|Focus = effects of dioxins and PM<sub>2.5</sub> on human health | |Focus = effects of dioxins and PM<sub>2.5</sub> on human health | ||
|Scope = potential short-term and long-term health effects among Hämeenkyrö inhabitants caused by dioxins and PM<sub>2.5</sub> originating from the Hämeenkyrö municipal solid waste incinerator | |Scope = potential short-term and long-term health effects among Hämeenkyrö inhabitants caused by dioxins and PM<sub>2.5</sub> originating from the Hämeenkyrö municipal solid waste incinerator | ||
| − | |Description = | + | |Description = Estimated dioxin and PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure levels among Hämeenkyrö inhabitants are compared with the evidence about exposure-response functions of dioxins and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. This comparison results in an assessment of the probable health effects among Hämeenkyrö inhabitants if MSWI plant is build. |
|Inputs = Fine particle variables: | |Inputs = Fine particle variables: | ||
*PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions in Hämeenkyrö | *PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions in Hämeenkyrö | ||
Revision as of 08:18, 22 September 2006
See the main page of this assessment: Hämeenkyrö MSWI risk assessment: General
- Decisions related to Hämeenkyrö case
- Possible indicators (optimising variables) in Hämeenkyrö
Contents
Well-being of the population (smells, comfort, noise)
Kari Auri
| Focus: | |
| Scope: | |
| Description: | Focus: proposal to how to define the focus of this variable
Direct or indirect information about the factors affecting peoples living comfortability related to waste management alternatives (disposal site or MSWI). Direct variables are modelled or measured (ie. noise map) and indicators are based on feedback from local people or from other indirect source. If the decision model will be used to analyse alternative scenarios, we have to include both modelled variables and feedback variables here or alternatively define these own variable for the Pyrkilö -model. Scope: proposal to how to define the scope Areas related to alternative waste management systems in Pirkanmaa. Thus, focus will be on existing dumping place (Tarastejärvi) and planned MSWI plant in Hämeenkyrö. Modelled variables will be estimated using different time scales (day, month, year). Well-being indicators will be monitored continuosly and summarizing reports can be done monthly and annually. People can also be asked what kind of changes in comfortability factors they believe to happen in future when a certain waste management alternative is implemented. MSWI and dumping site alternatives have diffent total noise and smell effects for people living near the emission source. Both should be analysed before final solution. Discription: some ideas of different factors (both a: direct variables and b: indicators) 1 Noise a) modelled noise maps / control noise measurements in neighborhoods of site based on: - estimated amount of traffic near waste treatment site - noise emissions from operating incinerator - extra noise from birds (near landfill site) Inputs: waste collection data, emission data from plant, bird invetory and voice emission data Unit: dB b) noise distubance asked from local people - how often people suffer from noise? - continuous or episodic noise? Inputs: Indicator data from systematic post questionaries and continuous feedback forms from web-site. Unit: Index value or classfied indicator (1-5 levels) 2 Smell/odor a) maps based on odor dispersion models Inputs: data from waste management processes in landfill site b) smell information asked from local people Inputs: questionaries & online feedback forms on the web Unit: Index value or classfied indicator (1-5 levels) 3 Social factors b) socioeconomic indicators based on statistics at small area (250x250 m) resolution - socioeconomic variables (income, unemployment, education) are used to calculate social index - indicator may be useful information before the decisions, but also for monitoring and forecasting changes in future when plant/landfill site is operating Inputs: statistics Unit: index (deprivation index) 4 Scenic values a) visibility maps calculated using GIS Iputs: digital elevation model, forest data and other geograpical data b) scenic values asked from local people Inputs: questionary Unit: index 5 Discomfort index b) index based on several questions from local people about comfortability of area Inputs: questionary Unit: index 6 Concern index (Health effects) b) index based on several questions from local people about concerns their have about the possible health effects Inputs: questionary Unit: index |
| Inputs: | |
| Index: | |
| Definition: | |
| Unit: | |
| Result: | |
| References: |
| Focus: | Factors or issues affecting peoples living comfortability in Hämeenkyrö. |
| Scope: | The basic factors, like a noise, smell, social factors, etc., that affect the comfortability of inhabitants in Hämeenkyrö. Some of these factors can be measured and some are based on a experience and/or common beliefs and thoughts of inhabitants in Hämeenkyrö, like in other places where the municipal solid waste incinerator have been planned earlier (in Viljakkala). |
| Description: | 1.The noise:
2. The smell:
3. The social factors:
4. Landscape:
5. Other things that will not occur with the municipal solid waste incinerator:
|
| Inputs: | |
| Index: | |
| Definition: | |
| Unit: | |
| Result: | |
| References: | YVA-reports and public opinion writings from the internet:
|
Effects on economy (esp. gas energy plant)
Juha
| Focus: | What effects does possible municipal solid waste incinerator have to the economy of Hämeenkyrö |
| Scope: | 10 - 20 years? |
| Description: | How new municipal solid waste incinerator affects to economy? Waste incinerator is going to be a quite significant employer in Hämeenkyrö. It is also noted that price of gas energy is rising so it might be necessary to build the waste incinerator to guarantee low priced energy for M-real cardboard factory and Finnforest sawmill. Shutdown of either of these factory could be devastating to Hämeenkyrö's economy (employs over 300 persons). Shutdown of gas energy plant is not crucial (employs only 24 people). |
| Inputs: | Data
|
| Index: | |
| Definition: | |
| Unit: | € or employed persons |
| Result: | Worst-case scenario:
Best-case scenario:
OK-case scenario:
|
| References: | Pirkanvoima - website [1], accessed in 21.9.2006
Kyro Power - website [2], accessed in 21.9.2006 Kyro Technologies - website [3], accessed in 21.9.2006 M-Real - website [4], accessed in 21.9.2006 |
Transportation costs of waste
| Focus: | We focus on three different scenarios of waste transport at Hämeenkyrö region
further away |
| Scope: | |
| Description: | Scenario 1
Assumptions: Pirkanmaan jätehuolto collects the waste at Hämeenkyrö and transports it to landfill at Tampre or at Nokia Scenario 2 Assumptions: Pirkanmaan jätehuolto collects the waste at Hämeenkyrö and transports it to Tampre: nearest MSWI assumed to be built in Tampere Scenario 3a Assumptions:
Uncertainties:
Scenario 3b: Assumptions: Sources of waste:
|
| Inputs: | |
| Index: | |
| Definition: | |
| Unit: | €/year |
| Result: | Scenario 1:
Waste transport costs do not change in Hämeenkyrö compared to current situation Scenario 2: Waste transport costs do not change in Hämeenkyrö compared to current situation Scenario 3a Assumed that the total municipal solid waste transportation cost does not change inside the region of Pirkanmaa jätehuolto, additional cost of waste transportation would be 0,1-0,3 milj. €/year Number of waste transport vehicles will increase by 61/day (by 122/d to both directions) Scenario 3 b Additional cost of waste transportation would be 1,2-2,4 milj. €/year Number of waste transport vehicles will increase by 53/day (by 106/d to both directions) |
| References: | http://www.ymparisto.fi/download.asp?contentid=37110&lan=fi
http://www.ymparisto.fi/download.asp?contentid=42635&lan=fi#search=%22toivonen%20yhti%C3%B6t%22 http://lipasto.vtt.fi/yksikkopaastot/laskentaperusteet_tavaraliikenne_autoliikenne.htm |
Dioxin exposure-response function on population level
Anu T
| Focus: | |
| Scope: | |
| Description: | Dioxins are a group of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most toxic PCDD/Fs congener, and it is classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
Evidence concerning cancer risk is mainly from animal studies, and dioxins are probably quite weak carcinogens in humans. Evindence concerning other health effects is inconsistent. Sensitive subgroups: foetuses, newborns, individuals with high fish consumption, individuals working in incineration plants etc. (For health effects related to short-term exposure R↻ ) |
| Inputs: | Dioxin variables:
|
| Index: | |
| Definition: | |
| Unit: | increase in lifetime risk per pg/kg body weight |
| Result: | effective dose resulting in a 0.01 increase in lifetime risk of cancer mortality (ED01): 45 pg/kg body weight (95% CI 21-324 pg/kg body weight)
tolerable daily intake (TDI): 1-4 pg/kg body weight |
| References: | Crump et al. 2003. Meta-analysis of dioxin-cancer dose-response for three occupational cohorts. Environmental Health Perspectives 111 (5), 681-687.
Kogevinas 2001. Human health effects of dioxins: cancer, reproductive and endochrine system effects. Human Reproduction Update 7 (3), 331-339. Tuomisto et al. 1999. Synopsis on dioxins and PCBs. Publications of the National Public Health Institute B17/1999. |
PM2.5 exposure-response function on population level
| Focus: | Describes the relationship between ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and the frequency of specific health effects in a given timeperiod |
| Scope: | General population average considered |
| Description: | PM2.5 are fine particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter.
Concentration-response function is needed when we determine the health impact of PM2.5 concentrations in Hämeenkyrö on local people. Health impact of PM concentrations in Hämeenkyrö = concentration *concentration response. Concentration-response function needs data from exposure modelling, animal toxicology, small clinical or panel studies, and epidemiological studies. Exposed population can be subdivided to subpopulations (adults, children, infants, elder people). Exposure is assessed in a certain timeperiod (daily, annual exposure).
Sensitive subgroups: children, the elderly, individuals with heart and lung disease, individuals who are active outdoors |
| Inputs: | Fine particle variables:
|
| Index: | |
| Definition: | |
| Unit: | increase in adverse health effect/ 1 ug/m3 change in PM 2.5 concentration
increase in the risk of death per each 10 µg/m3 elevation in PM2.5 |
| Result: | PM2.5
per each 10 µg/m3 elevation in PM2.5 air pollution |
| References: | Health aspects of air pollution. Results from the WHO project "Systematic review of health aspects of air pollution in Europe". World Health Organization, 2004. http://www.euro.who.int/document/E83080.pdf
Pope et al. 2002. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 287(9), 1132-1141. Pope et al. 2004. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution. Circulation (109), 71-77. Service Contract for Carrying out Cost-Benefit Analysis of Air Quality Related Issues, in particular in the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme. Volume 2: Health Impact Assessment. AEA Technology Environment, 2005. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/cafe/pdf/cba_methodology_vol2.pdf |
Health effects of dioxins and PM2.5
Anu T
| Focus: | effects of dioxins and PM2.5 on human health |
| Scope: | potential short-term and long-term health effects among Hämeenkyrö inhabitants caused by dioxins and PM2.5 originating from the Hämeenkyrö municipal solid waste incinerator |
| Description: | Estimated dioxin and PM2.5 exposure levels among Hämeenkyrö inhabitants are compared with the evidence about exposure-response functions of dioxins and PM2.5. This comparison results in an assessment of the probable health effects among Hämeenkyrö inhabitants if MSWI plant is build. |
| Inputs: | Fine particle variables:
Dioxin variables:
|
| Index: | |
| Definition: | |
| Unit: | |
| Result: | |
| References: | see the references of the variables Dioxin exposure-response function on population level and PM2.5 exposure-response function on population level |
