Difference between revisions of "Concentration-response to PM2.5"

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Lancet, 360 (9341), 1203-1209. </ref> was not included due to many confounding factors related to mortality, e.g. road noise.
 
Lancet, 360 (9341), 1203-1209. </ref> was not included due to many confounding factors related to mortality, e.g. road noise.
 
*Probability for PM2.5 assumed to be the true cause of the effects in 70 %, 90 %, and 10 % for cardiopulmonary, lung cancer and all other mortality, respectively (author judgement).
 
*Probability for PM2.5 assumed to be the true cause of the effects in 70 %, 90 %, and 10 % for cardiopulmonary, lung cancer and all other mortality, respectively (author judgement).
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*Toxicity differences between ambient air particles and the particles generated by different bus types  were not taken into account due to lack of comprehensive data. <ref>Laden, F., Neas, L. M., Dockery, D. W., & Schwartz, J. (2000). Association of fine particulate
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*Toxicity differences between ambient air particles and the particles generated by different bus types  were not taken into account due to lack of comprehensive data. <ref>Laden, F., Neas, L. M., Dockery, D. W., & Schwartz, J. (2000). Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108, 941-947. </ref> <ref>Mar, T. F., Norris, G. A., Koenig, J. Q., & Larson, T. V. (2000). Associations between air pollution and mortality in Phoenix, 1995-1997. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(4), 347-353.</ref>
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matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environmental Health
 
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Perspectives, 108, 941-947. </ref>
 
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<ref>Mar, T. F., Norris, G. A., Koenig, J. Q., & Larson, T. V. (2000). Associations between air pollution
 
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and mortality in Phoenix, 1995-1997. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(4), 347-353.</ref>
 
  
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*No threshold was assumed in the dose-response relationship.
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*No threshold was assumed in the dose-response relationship. <ref>WHO Regional Office for Europe (2003). Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide, Report on a WHO Working Group. Report on a WHO working group,
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<ref>WHO Regional Office for Europe (2003). Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter,
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Bonn, Germany, January 13-15 2003. Copenhagen. 98 pages. Available at http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/who/progs/aiq/newsevents/20030115_2 </ref> <ref>Schwartz, J., Laden, F., & Zanobetti, A. (2002). The concentration-response relation between PM2.5 and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(10), 1025-1029. </ref>
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Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide, Report on a WHO Working Group. Report on a WHO working group,
 
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Bonn, Germany, January 13-15 2003. Copenhagen. 98 pages. Available at
 
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http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/who/progs/aiq/newsevents/20030115_2 </ref>
 
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<ref>Schwartz, J., Laden, F., & Zanobetti, A. (2002). The concentration-response relation between
 
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PM2.5 and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(10), 1025-1029. </ref>
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>

Revision as of 12:03, 21 February 2008

Scope

Concentration-response to PM2.5 describes the quantitative dose-response relationships between outdoor air PM2.5 concentration and mortality due to cardio-pulmonary, lung cancer and other non-accidental causes.

Definition

Causality

List of parents:

  • None

Data

List of data files or sources:

  • Dockery et al. 1993[1]
  • Pope et al. 2002[2]

Formula

The model randomly samples between the effect estimates provided by the two studies. See the model for more detailed description.

Unit

m3/μg D↷

Result

These coefficients are defined as distributions around estimates of central tendency for each cause of death.

Relative increase of mortality per 1 μgm-3 increase of outdoor PM2.5 concentration. Values were drawn with equal probability from the two distributions reported in [3], [4]

Distribution of dose response coefficient for

  • cardiopulmonary mortality 1.014 (0.0053-0.0254)
  • lung cancer mortality 1.016 (-0.0009-0.0364)
  • all other mortality 1.002 (-0.0073-0.0102)

Uncertainties:

  • Mortality estimate from Hoek et al. (2002)[5] was not included due to many confounding factors related to mortality, e.g. road noise.
  • Probability for PM2.5 assumed to be the true cause of the effects in 70 %, 90 %, and 10 % for cardiopulmonary, lung cancer and all other mortality, respectively (author judgement).
  • Toxicity differences between ambient air particles and the particles generated by different bus types were not taken into account due to lack of comprehensive data. [6] [7]
  • No threshold was assumed in the dose-response relationship. [8] [9]

References

  1. ↑ Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., III, Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, B. G., Jr., & Speizer F. E. (1993). An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. The New England Journal of Medicine, 329(24), 1753-1759
  2. ↑ Pope, C. A. III, Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., & Thurston, G. D. (2002). Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmory Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(9), 1132-1141
  3. ↑ Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., III, Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, B. G., Jr., & Speizer F. E. (1993). An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. The New England Journal of Medicine, 329(24), 1753-1759
  4. ↑ Pope, C. A. III, Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., & Thurston, G. D. (2002). Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmory Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(9), 1132-1141
  5. ↑ Hoek, G, Brunekreef, B, Goldbohm, S, Fischer, P, & van den Brandt, P. A. (2002). Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: a cohort study. Lancet, 360 (9341), 1203-1209.
  6. ↑ Laden, F., Neas, L. M., Dockery, D. W., & Schwartz, J. (2000). Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108, 941-947.
  7. ↑ Mar, T. F., Norris, G. A., Koenig, J. Q., & Larson, T. V. (2000). Associations between air pollution and mortality in Phoenix, 1995-1997. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(4), 347-353.
  8. ↑ WHO Regional Office for Europe (2003). Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide, Report on a WHO Working Group. Report on a WHO working group, Bonn, Germany, January 13-15 2003. Copenhagen. 98 pages. Available at http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/who/progs/aiq/newsevents/20030115_2
  9. ↑ Schwartz, J., Laden, F., & Zanobetti, A. (2002). The concentration-response relation between PM2.5 and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(10), 1025-1029.
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