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Revision as of 04:49, 28 April 2008
- Health impact assessment is an assessment method that is used to estimate the health impacts of a particular event or policy. In Europe, it is most widely used in UK, Finland, and the Netherlands.
- Exposure-response function (ERF) (or exposure-response relationship) is the relationship between the exposure of a given organism, system, or (sub)population to an agent in a specific pattern during a given time and the magnitude of a continuously graded effect to that organism, system, or (sub)population.
- This term has several related terms that may have slightly different meaning. Effect and response are interchangeable words. Also the word function is used instead of relationship. In Opasnet, we use the term exposure-response function (or ERF) as the generic term for different kinds of relationships. Often the exposure metric is more specifically defined in an alternative term. Two common examples:
- Concentration-effect relationship
- Relationship between the exposure, expressed in concentration, of a given organism, system, or (sub)population to an agent in a specific pattern during a given time and the magnitude of a continuously graded effect to that organism, system, or (sub)population. The concentration is measured at a defined site. [1]
- Dose-response relationship
- Relationship between the amount of an agent administered to, taken up by, or absorbed by an organism, system, or (sub)population and the change developed in that organism, system,or (sub)population in reaction to the agent. [1]
TEF (TCDD equivalency factor, toxic equivalency factor): a relative toxicity factor of a PCDD/F or PCB congener as related to TCDD. TEF values vary from 1 to 0.00003 (see also TEq). Various TEF values have been developed, e.g. WHO-TEF, Nordic TEF and international TEF or I-TEF. WHO-TEF values are based on the most recent scientific consensus. The differences between the respective TEFs are not great. The latest re-evaluation of TEF values was that by WHO in 2005, and these TEF values are often called WHO-TEF for PCDD/Fs and PCB-TEF for PCBs. TEq = ΣTEFi*Ci, where Ci is the amount (or concentration) of congener i. (Further details in Van den Berg et al, Toxicol. Sci 2006:93: 223-241, http://pubmed.gov/16829543). [2]
- Respect theory is a theory about how people perceive respect and distribute their respect to other people based on their deeds or properties. It also studies implementations of the respect within a society (descriptive), and properties of a theoretically optimal implementation (normative). Respect theory claims to be a major solution to the dilemma of economic growth and sustainability of resources: It is a method to redistribute resources based on the intrinsic value of things. In contrast, economics measures utility, individual's preferences, income, and intrinsic cognitive processes of opportunity costs among other things. Particularly, economics gives higher value to scarce than abundant utilities. It is therefore insensitive to things that are abundant but still highly respected, such as being good to other people. Thus, respect theory captures the most important things better than the economic theory in a wealthy world where most people have already fulfilled their basic needs.
- Variable is a description of a particular piece of reality. It can be a description of a physical phenomenon, or a description of value judgements. Also decisions included in an assessment are described as variables. Variables are continuously existing descriptions of reality, which develop in time as knowledge about the topic increases. Variables are therefore not tied into any single assessment, but instead can be included in other assessments. A variable is the basic building block of describing reality.
