Difference between revisions of "Limit values for intakes of persistent pollutants via food"
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The page includes limit values set up by international advisory and/or governing bodies regulating environmental health issues for intakes of persistent contaminants, organic or inorganic, via food. Contaminants currently included for their limit values are: | The page includes limit values set up by international advisory and/or governing bodies regulating environmental health issues for intakes of persistent contaminants, organic or inorganic, via food. Contaminants currently included for their limit values are: | ||
− | # Mercury (Hg) as its organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), the most readily bioaccumulated form | + | # '''Mercury''' (Hg) as its organic form, methylmercury '''(MeHg)''', the most readily bioaccumulated form |
− | # Dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | + | # '''Dioxins and furans (PCDD/F)''' and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls '''(DL-PCBs)''' |
− | # Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) | + | # '''Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)''' |
− | Table 1. Limit values for MeHg intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies. | + | '''Table 1.''' Limit values for '''MeHg''' intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies. |
{| {{prettytable}} | {| {{prettytable}} | ||
| width="80pt"|TDI | | width="80pt"|TDI | ||
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| width="20pt"|Evaluation year | | width="20pt"|Evaluation year | ||
| width="450pt"|Reference | | width="450pt"|Reference | ||
+ | | width="200"|Organisation | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
| - | | - | ||
Line 19: | Line 20: | ||
| 2000 | | 2000 | ||
| http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&page=11, http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309071402 | | http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&page=11, http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309071402 | ||
+ | | The U.S. NRC | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
| - | | - | ||
Line 25: | Line 27: | ||
| 1998 | | 1998 | ||
| http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&page=72 | | http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&page=72 | ||
+ | | Clewell et al. 1998 (meta-analysis or suchlike) | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
| - | | - | ||
Line 31: | Line 34: | ||
| 1997 | | 1997 | ||
| http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t3/reports/volume1.pdf | | http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t3/reports/volume1.pdf | ||
+ | | the U.S. EPA for any person (including children and pregnant women) | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
| - | | - | ||
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| 1995 | | 1995 | ||
| http://www.ehponline.org/members/1995/Suppl-6/gibert-full.html | | http://www.ehponline.org/members/1995/Suppl-6/gibert-full.html | ||
+ | | Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995 | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
| - | | - | ||
Line 42: | Line 47: | ||
| 0,05 µg/kg bw/d | | 0,05 µg/kg bw/d | ||
| 1995 | | 1995 | ||
− | | | + | | - |
+ | | Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995, Rice 1992 | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
| - | | - | ||
Line 49: | Line 55: | ||
| 1993 | | 1993 | ||
| http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract | | http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract | ||
+ | | Stern 1993 | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
| - | | - | ||
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| | | | ||
| http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract | | http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract | ||
+ | | JECFA for adults only | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
| 0,48 µg/kg bw | | 0,48 µg/kg bw | ||
Line 61: | Line 69: | ||
| 1990 | | 1990 | ||
| http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc101.htm#SubSectionNumber:10.2.2 | | http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc101.htm#SubSectionNumber:10.2.2 | ||
+ | | The WHO/IPCS for adults only | ||
|---- | |---- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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:PTWI=permissible tolerable weekly intake<ref name="IUPAC"/> | :PTWI=permissible tolerable weekly intake<ref name="IUPAC"/> | ||
:RfD=reference dose<ref name="IUPAC"/> | :RfD=reference dose<ref name="IUPAC"/> | ||
+ | :NRC=The U.S. National Research Council | ||
+ | :U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | ||
+ | :JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives | ||
+ | :WHO/IPCS=The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Table 2.''' Limit values for '''PCDD/F and DL-PCB''' intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies. | ||
+ | {| {{prettytable}} | ||
+ | | TDI | ||
+ | | t-TWI | ||
+ | | PTMI | ||
+ | | Evaluation year | ||
+ | | Reference | ||
+ | | Organisation | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 2002 | ||
+ | | http://dels.nas.edu/dels/rpt_briefs/dioxin_brief_final.pdf | ||
+ | | U.S. EPA statement:no new limit given | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | 2 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 2001 | ||
+ | | http://cot.food.gov.uk/pdfs/cot-diox-full.pdf | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 7 pg TEQ/kg bw | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 2001 | ||
+ | | http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4 | ||
+ | | SCF | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 14 pg TEQ/kg bw | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 2001 | ||
+ | | http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4 | ||
+ | | SCF | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 70 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | ||
+ | | 2001 | ||
+ | | http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4 | ||
+ | | JECFA | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | 0,01 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 2001 | ||
+ | | http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4 | ||
+ | | U.S.EPA | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | 0,006 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | http://www.terveysportti.fi/xmedia/duo/duo92005.pdf | ||
+ | | U.S. EPA | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | 5 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 1999 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | The Nordic Expert Group | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | http://www.terveysportti.fi/xmedia/duo/duo92005.pdf | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | 1-4 WHO TEQ pg/kg bw | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 1998 | ||
+ | | http://www.who.int/inf-pr-2001/en/state2001-01.html | ||
+ | | WHO | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | 1 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | - | ||
+ | | 1998 | ||
+ | | http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/en/exe-sum-final.pdf | ||
+ | | ATSDR | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | :TDI=tolerable daily intake | ||
+ | :t-TWI=temporary tolerable weekly intake | ||
+ | :PTMI=permissible tolerable monthly intake | ||
+ | :U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | ||
+ | :SCF=The Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission | ||
+ | :JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives | ||
+ | :WHO=World Health Organisation | ||
+ | :ATSDR=The U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry | ||
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For polybrominated diphenylethers there is currently no limit values available. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) however has given an indicative threshold concentration at 100 µg/kg body weight/day, and concludes that ‘the limited toxicity data suggests that for the more toxic (less brominated) PBDE congeners (eg. BDE-47 and BDE-99) adverse effects would be unlikely to occur at doses of less than approximately 100 µg/kg bw per day’. FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand) concurs with the JECFA conclusions.<ref>[http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/PBDE_Report_Dec_07.pdf Food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in food in Australia. Study of concentrations in foods in Australia including dietary exposure assessment and risk characterisation.]</ref> | For polybrominated diphenylethers there is currently no limit values available. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) however has given an indicative threshold concentration at 100 µg/kg body weight/day, and concludes that ‘the limited toxicity data suggests that for the more toxic (less brominated) PBDE congeners (eg. BDE-47 and BDE-99) adverse effects would be unlikely to occur at doses of less than approximately 100 µg/kg bw per day’. FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand) concurs with the JECFA conclusions.<ref>[http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/PBDE_Report_Dec_07.pdf Food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in food in Australia. Study of concentrations in foods in Australia including dietary exposure assessment and risk characterisation.]</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 11:52, 3 September 2008
The page includes limit values set up by international advisory and/or governing bodies regulating environmental health issues for intakes of persistent contaminants, organic or inorganic, via food. Contaminants currently included for their limit values are:
- Mercury (Hg) as its organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), the most readily bioaccumulated form
- Dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)
- Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)
Table 1. Limit values for MeHg intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies.
TDI | PTWI | RfD | Evaluation year | Reference | Organisation |
- | - | 0,1 µg/kg bw/d | 2000 | http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&page=11, http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309071402 | The U.S. NRC |
- | - | 0,3-1,0 µg/kg bw/d | 1998 | http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&page=72 | Clewell et al. 1998 (meta-analysis or suchlike) |
- | - | 0,1 µg/kg bw/d | 1997 | http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t3/reports/volume1.pdf | the U.S. EPA for any person (including children and pregnant women) |
- | - | 0,025-0,06 µg/kg bw/d | 1995 | http://www.ehponline.org/members/1995/Suppl-6/gibert-full.html | Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995 |
- | - | 0,05 µg/kg bw/d | 1995 | - | Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995, Rice 1992 |
- | - | 0,07 µg/kg bw/d | 1993 | http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract | Stern 1993 |
- | 3,3 µg/kg bw | - | http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract | JECFA for adults only | |
0,48 µg/kg bw | - | - | 1990 | http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc101.htm#SubSectionNumber:10.2.2 | The WHO/IPCS for adults only |
- TDI=tolerable daily intake[1]
- PTWI=permissible tolerable weekly intake[1]
- RfD=reference dose[1]
- NRC=The U.S. National Research Council
- U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
- WHO/IPCS=The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization
Table 2. Limit values for PCDD/F and DL-PCB intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies.
- TDI=tolerable daily intake
- t-TWI=temporary tolerable weekly intake
- PTMI=permissible tolerable monthly intake
- U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- SCF=The Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission
- JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
- WHO=World Health Organisation
- ATSDR=The U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
PBDEs
For polybrominated diphenylethers there is currently no limit values available. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) however has given an indicative threshold concentration at 100 µg/kg body weight/day, and concludes that ‘the limited toxicity data suggests that for the more toxic (less brominated) PBDE congeners (eg. BDE-47 and BDE-99) adverse effects would be unlikely to occur at doses of less than approximately 100 µg/kg bw per day’. FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand) concurs with the JECFA conclusions.[2]