Difference between revisions of "Climate change"
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| − | This page contains | + | This page contains a description of causes and effects of what is commonly referred to as climate using the Pyrkilo method. The data used in this assessment is composed of 10 climate change related articles by 10 invited experts published in Helsingin Sanomat during Summer 2006. |
| − | + | The description currently only includes the causes of climate. | |
| + | The effects side of the description will be added later. | ||
| − | + | == Focus of the description == | |
| − | + | # Base-level focus: to describe the causes and effects of climate as a compilation of the contributions of the 10 writers | |
| + | # Meta-level focus: to try the applicability of pyrkilo method for describing such a complex web of phenomena | ||
| − | + | == Scope of the description == | |
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| − | + | All input from all of the 10 writers are accepted as contributions. In addition, the moderator of the exercise has the right to include additonal material where needed to make implicit issues explicit, to fill in important gaps if they shall exist and to make the overall description coherent. | |
| − | + | * The spatial scope is primarily global, but some phenomena are also considered on regional and local scopes as well | |
| − | + | * The temporal scope of different contributors varies approximately within the orders of 10<sup>1</sup> to 10<sup>5</sup> years | |
| − | + | * All causes and effects of climate change mentioned in the articles are considered | |
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| + | == Moderator == | ||
| − | + | Mikko Pohjola [[User:Mikko Pohjola|Mikko]] 17:30, 16 November 2006 (EET) | |
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| − | == | + | == Causal chain diagram == |
| − | + | (The graph currently showing is outdated) | |
| − | + | [[Image:Climate_variable_chart.PNG]] | |
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| − | + | == Variable descriptions == | |
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| − | = | + | === Solar activity === |
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| − | ==Solar activity== | ||
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
Name = Solar activity | | Name = Solar activity | | ||
Focus = The radiation output of sun | | Focus = The radiation output of sun | | ||
| − | Scope = | + | Scope = Variations in the output happen in the scope of approximately 10<sup>1</sup> years. As a source of energy, sun can be considered as continuous within the scope of the whole assessment. | |
| − | Description = | | + | Description = The solar radiation emitted from the sun | |
Inputs = | | Inputs = | | ||
Index = | | Index = | | ||
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Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | + | Reference = Contributors: | |
| + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | ==Earth's positioning in relation to sun== | + | === Earth's positioning in relation to sun === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
Name = Earth's positioning in relation to sun | | Name = Earth's positioning in relation to sun | | ||
Focus = The distance from sun and alignment of Earth | | Focus = The distance from sun and alignment of Earth | | ||
| − | Scope = Temporally in the order of 10<sup> | + | Scope = Temporally in the order of 10<sup>4</sup>-10<sup>5</sup> years | |
| − | Description = Based on Milankovich's astronomical theory of climate change | | + | Description = Based on Milankovich's astronomical theory of climate change, complemented with orbital inclination. | |
Inputs = | | Inputs = | | ||
| − | Index = | + | Index = DImensions: |
*Orbital shape | *Orbital shape | ||
*Axial tilt | *Axial tilt | ||
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Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | + | References = Contributors and other sources of information: |
| − | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 |
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles About Milankovich's astronomical theory of climate change] | | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles About Milankovich's astronomical theory of climate change] | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Solar energy input === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
Name = Energy input | | Name = Energy input | | ||
| − | Focus = The energy | + | Focus = The amount of energy as solar radiation that enters the Earth's climatic system | |
Scope = Global spatiotemporal distribution | | Scope = Global spatiotemporal distribution | | ||
Description = | | Description = | | ||
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*[[#Earth's positioning in relation to sun]] | | *[[#Earth's positioning in relation to sun]] | | ||
Index = | | Index = | | ||
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Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | | + | References = Contributors and others sources of information: |
| + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | ||
| + | *Ilmasto, jne. (kirja) | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Movement of tectonic plates === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Movement of tectonic plates | |
| − | Focus = | + | Focus = Movement of tectonic plates | |
| − | Scope = | + | Scope = | |
Description = | | Description = | | ||
Inputs = | | Inputs = | | ||
| − | Index = | + | Index = | |
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Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | | + | References = Contributors: |
| + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | ==Earth surface== | + | === Earth surface === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
Name = Earth surface | | Name = Earth surface | | ||
| − | Focus = | + | Focus = Composition of the surface layer of the Earth | |
| − | Scope = | | + | Scope = Distribution of land and water areas, vertical variation of the land areas, distribution of vegetation on the land areas. | |
Description = | | Description = | | ||
Inputs = Input variables: | Inputs = Input variables: | ||
| − | *[[# | + | *[[#Movement of tectonic plates]] |
| − | *[[#Human | + | *[[#Human activities]] | |
| − | Index = | + | Index = Dimensions: |
*Land | *Land | ||
*Sea | *Sea | ||
| − | * | + | *Biota | |
Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | | + | References = Contributors: |
| + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | ||
| + | *Esko Kuusisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 3, Heslingin Sanomat 3.7.2006 | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Airflows === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Airflows | |
| − | Focus = | + | Focus = Movements of air masses in the atmosphere | |
| − | Scope = | + | Scope = | |
| − | Description = | + | Description = | |
Inputs = Input variables: | Inputs = Input variables: | ||
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*[[#Earth surface]] | | *[[#Earth surface]] | | ||
| − | Index = | + | Index = | |
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Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | | + | References = Contributors: |
| + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Sea currents === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Sea currents | |
| − | Focus = | + | Focus = | |
| − | Scope = | + | Scope = | |
| − | Description = | | + | Description = | |
Inputs = Input variables: | Inputs = Input variables: | ||
| − | *[[#Earth surface | + | *[[#Earth surface]] | |
| − | |||
Index = | | Index = | | ||
Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | | + | References = Contributors: |
| + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Weathering === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Weathering | |
| − | Focus = The | + | Focus = The slow continental erosion of rocks | |
Scope = | | Scope = | | ||
| − | Description = | | + | Description = The weathering slowly decreases the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere. | |
| − | Inputs = | | + | Inputs = Input variables: |
| − | Index = | + | *[[#Earth surface]] | |
| + | Index = | | ||
Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | | + | References = Contributors and further information: |
| + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Human activity === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Human activity | |
| − | Focus = The | + | Focus = The human activities that have impact on the climate system | |
| − | Scope = | + | Scope = Spatially from local to global | |
Description = | | Description = | | ||
Inputs = | | Inputs = | | ||
| − | Index = | + | Index = Dimensions: |
| − | * | + | *Land use |
| − | * | + | *Emissions to the atmosphere | |
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Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | | + | References = Contributors: |
| + | *Mikko Alestalo, Ilmasto muuttuu 2, Helsingin Sanomat x.x.2006 | ||
| + | *Esko Kuusisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 3, Heslingin Sanomat 3.7.2006 | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Composition of the atmosphere === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Composition of the atmosphere | |
| − | Focus = | + | Focus = | |
| − | Scope = | | + | Scope = The gases and airborne particulate matter that affect the greenhouse effect | |
Description = | | Description = | | ||
Inputs = Input variables: | Inputs = Input variables: | ||
| − | *[[# | + | *[[#Human activity]] |
| − | + | *[[#Weathering]]| | |
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Index = | | Index = | | ||
Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Result = | | Result = | | ||
| − | References = | | + | References = Contributors: |
| + | *Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006 | ||
| + | *Mikko Alestalo, Ilmasto muuttuu 2, Helsingin Sanomat x.x.2006 | ||
| + | *Esko Kuusisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 3, Heslingin Sanomat 3.7.2006 | | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Reflected solar radiation === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Reflected solar radiation | |
| − | Focus = The | + | Focus = The sunlight that is reflected back to the space from the atmosphere and Earth surface | |
| − | Scope = | | + | Scope = | |
Description = | | Description = | | ||
| − | Inputs = | | + | Inputs = Input variables: |
| + | *[[#Earth surface]] | ||
| + | *[[#Composition of the atmosphere]] | | ||
Index = | | Index = | | ||
Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Absorbed energy === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Absorbed energy | |
| − | Focus = | | + | Focus = The total energy that is absorbed to the climatic system of the Earth in various forms | |
Scope = | | Scope = | | ||
Description = | | Description = | | ||
| − | Inputs = | | + | Inputs = Input variables: |
| − | Index = | | + | *[[#Reflected solar radiation]] |
| + | *[[#Composition of the atmosphere]] | | ||
| + | Index = | | ||
Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Energy transfer === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Energy transfer | |
| − | Focus = | | + | Focus =Transfer of the energy (mainly as heat) | |
Scope = | | Scope = | | ||
Description = | | Description = | | ||
| − | Inputs = | | + | Inputs = Input variables: |
| + | *[[#Air flows]] | ||
| + | *[[#Sea currents]] | | ||
Index = | | Index = | | ||
Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | === Climate === |
{{Var| | {{Var| | ||
| − | Name = | + | Name = Climate | |
| − | Focus = | | + | Focus = The phenomena that are together commonly perceived as climate | |
| − | Scope = | | + | Scope = Temporal variation from minutes (weather) to > 10<sup>5</sup> years, spatial variation from very local to global. | |
Description = | | Description = | | ||
| − | Inputs = | | + | Inputs = Input variables: |
| − | Index = | | + | *[[#Absorbed energy]] |
| + | *[[#Energy transfer]] | | ||
| + | Index = Dimensions: | ||
| + | *Temperature | ||
| + | *Humidity | ||
| + | *Wind (speed and direction) | ||
| + | *Precipitation (amount and type | ||
| + | *Air pressure | | ||
Definition = | | Definition = | | ||
Unit = | | Unit = | | ||
Revision as of 15:30, 16 November 2006
This page contains a description of causes and effects of what is commonly referred to as climate using the Pyrkilo method. The data used in this assessment is composed of 10 climate change related articles by 10 invited experts published in Helsingin Sanomat during Summer 2006.
The description currently only includes the causes of climate. The effects side of the description will be added later.
Contents
- 1 Focus of the description
- 2 Scope of the description
- 3 Moderator
- 4 Causal chain diagram
- 5 Variable descriptions
- 5.1 Solar activity
- 5.2 Earth's positioning in relation to sun
- 5.3 Solar energy input
- 5.4 Movement of tectonic plates
- 5.5 Earth surface
- 5.6 Airflows
- 5.7 Sea currents
- 5.8 Weathering
- 5.9 Human activity
- 5.10 Composition of the atmosphere
- 5.11 Reflected solar radiation
- 5.12 Absorbed energy
- 5.13 Energy transfer
- 5.14 Climate
Focus of the description
- Base-level focus: to describe the causes and effects of climate as a compilation of the contributions of the 10 writers
- Meta-level focus: to try the applicability of pyrkilo method for describing such a complex web of phenomena
Scope of the description
All input from all of the 10 writers are accepted as contributions. In addition, the moderator of the exercise has the right to include additonal material where needed to make implicit issues explicit, to fill in important gaps if they shall exist and to make the overall description coherent.
- The spatial scope is primarily global, but some phenomena are also considered on regional and local scopes as well
- The temporal scope of different contributors varies approximately within the orders of 101 to 105 years
- All causes and effects of climate change mentioned in the articles are considered
Moderator
Mikko Pohjola Mikko 17:30, 16 November 2006 (EET)
Causal chain diagram
(The graph currently showing is outdated)
Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination
Variable descriptions
Solar activity
Solar activity
Earth's positioning in relation to sun
Earth's positioning in relation to sun
Solar energy input
Energy input
Movement of tectonic plates
Movement of tectonic plates
Earth surface
Earth surface
Airflows
Airflows
Sea currents
Sea currents
Weathering
Weathering
Human activity
Human activity
Composition of the atmosphere
Composition of the atmosphere
Reflected solar radiation
Reflected solar radiation
Absorbed energy
Absorbed energy
Energy transfer
Energy transfer
Climate
Climate
