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| − | === PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure-response function on population level===
| + | #REDIRECT [[Concentration-response to PM2.5]] |
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| − | ==== Scope ====
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| − | The relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and specific health effects in a given timeperiod. General population.
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| − | ==== Description ====
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| − | '''PM<sub>2.5</sub>''' are fine particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter. Their exposure-response function is needed to determine the effect of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure on Hämeenkyrö inhabitants' health. Exposure-response function can be derived from exposure modelling, animal toxicology, small clinical or panel studies, and epidemiological studies. Exposed population can be divided into subpopulations (e.g. adults, children, infants, the elderly), and exposure is assessed per certain timeperiod (e.g. daily or annual exposure).
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| − | *Health effects related to '''short-term exposure'''
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| − | **respiratory symptoms
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| − | **adverse cardiovascular effects
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| − | **increased medication usage
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| − | **increased number of hospital admissions
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| − | **increased mortality
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| − | *Health effects related to '''long-term exposure''' (more relevance to public health)
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| − | **increased incidence of respiratory symptoms
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| − | **reduction in lung function
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| − | **increased incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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| − | **reduction in life expectancy
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| − | ***increased cardiopulmonary mortality
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| − | ***increased lung cancer mortality
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| − | Sensitive subgroups: children, the elderly, individuals with heart and lung disease, individuals who are active outdoors.
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| − | '''References'''
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| − | *Health aspects of air pollution. Results from the WHO project "Systematic review of health aspects of air pollution in Europe". World Health Organization, 2004. [http://www.euro.who.int/document/E83080.pdf]
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| − | *Pope et al. 2002. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 287(9), 1132-1141.
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| − | *Pope et al. 2004. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution. Circulation (109), 71-77.
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| − | *Service Contract for Carrying out Cost-Benefit Analysis of Air Quality Related Issues, in particular in the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme. Volume 2: Health Impact Assessment. AEA Technology Environment, 2005. [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/cafe/pdf/cba_methodology_vol2.pdf]
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| − | *[http://es.epa.gov/ncer/rfa/2004/2004_pm_research.html]
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| − | ==== Definition ====
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| − | '''Data'''
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| − | *6% increase in the risk of deaths from all causes (95% CI 2-11%)
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| − | *12% increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (95% CI 8-15%)
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| − | *14% increase in the risk of death from lung cancer (95% CI 4-23%)
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| − | per each 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> elevation in PM<sub>2.5</sub> air pollution
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| − | ==== Unit ====
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| − | * % change in the risk of death/health effect per each 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> change in PM<sub>2.5</sub>
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| − | ==== Result ====
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| − | *6% increase in the risk of deaths from all causes (95% CI 2-11%)
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| − | *12% increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (95% CI 8-15%)
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| − | *14% increase in the risk of death from lung cancer (95% CI 4-23%)
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| − | per each 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> elevation in PM<sub>2.5</sub> air pollution
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| − | [[Category:Risk assessment on Hämeenkyrö municipal solid waste incinerator]]
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