Difference between revisions of "Limit values for intakes of persistent pollutants via food"
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The page includes limit values set up by international advisory and/or governing bodies regulating environmental health issues for intakes of persistent contaminants, organic or inorganic, via food. Contaminants currently included for their limit values are: | The page includes limit values set up by international advisory and/or governing bodies regulating environmental health issues for intakes of persistent contaminants, organic or inorganic, via food. Contaminants currently included for their limit values are: | ||
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# '''Mercury''' (Hg) as its organic form, methylmercury '''(MeHg)''', the most readily bioaccumulated form | # '''Mercury''' (Hg) as its organic form, methylmercury '''(MeHg)''', the most readily bioaccumulated form | ||
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# '''Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)''' | # '''Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)''' | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | === Methylmercury, MeHg === | ||
+ | <br> | ||
− | '''Table 1.''' Limit values for | + | '''Table 1.''' Limit values for MeHg intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies. |
{| {{prettytable}} | {| {{prettytable}} | ||
| width="80pt"|TDI | | width="80pt"|TDI | ||
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+ | === Dioxins and furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, PCDD/F and DL-PCB === | ||
+ | <br> | ||
− | '''Table 2.''' Limit values for | + | '''Table 2.''' Limit values for PCDD/F and DL-PCB intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies. |
{| {{prettytable}} | {| {{prettytable}} | ||
| width="140pt"|TDI | | width="140pt"|TDI | ||
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− | === PBDEs === | + | === Polybrominated diphenylethers, PBDEs === |
+ | <br> | ||
For polybrominated diphenylethers there is currently no limit values available. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) however has given an indicative threshold concentration at 100 µg/kg body weight/day, and concludes that ‘the limited toxicity data suggests that for the more toxic (less brominated) PBDE congeners (eg. BDE-47 and BDE-99) adverse effects would be unlikely to occur at doses of less than approximately 100 µg/kg bw per day’. FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand) concurs with the JECFA conclusions.<ref>[http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/PBDE_Report_Dec_07.pdf Food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in food in Australia. Study of concentrations in foods in Australia including dietary exposure assessment and risk characterisation.]</ref> | For polybrominated diphenylethers there is currently no limit values available. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) however has given an indicative threshold concentration at 100 µg/kg body weight/day, and concludes that ‘the limited toxicity data suggests that for the more toxic (less brominated) PBDE congeners (eg. BDE-47 and BDE-99) adverse effects would be unlikely to occur at doses of less than approximately 100 µg/kg bw per day’. FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand) concurs with the JECFA conclusions.<ref>[http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/PBDE_Report_Dec_07.pdf Food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in food in Australia. Study of concentrations in foods in Australia including dietary exposure assessment and risk characterisation.]</ref> | ||
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== Additional references== | == Additional references== | ||
+ | <br> | ||
<references/> | <references/> |
Revision as of 12:33, 3 September 2008
The page includes limit values set up by international advisory and/or governing bodies regulating environmental health issues for intakes of persistent contaminants, organic or inorganic, via food. Contaminants currently included for their limit values are:
- Mercury (Hg) as its organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), the most readily bioaccumulated form
- Dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)
- Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)
Contents
Methylmercury, MeHg
Table 1. Limit values for MeHg intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies.
TDI | PTWI | RfD | Year | Reference | Organisation |
- | - | 0,1 µg/kg bw/d | 2000 | 1, 2 | NRC |
- | - | 0,3-1,0 µg/kg bw/d | 1998 | 3 | Clewell et al. 1998 (meta-analysis or suchlike) |
- | - | 0,1 µg/kg bw/d | 1997 | 4 | U.S.EPA for any person including children & pregnant women |
- | - | 0,025-0,06 µg/kg bw/d | 1995 | 5 | Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995 |
- | - | 0,05 µg/kg bw/d | 1995 | - | Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995, Rice 1992 |
- | - | 0,07 µg/kg bw/d | 1993 | 6 | Stern 1993 |
- | 3,3 µg/kg bw | - | 7 | JECFA for adults only | |
0,48 µg/kg bw | - | - | 1990 | 8 | The WHO/IPCS for adults only |
- TDI=tolerable daily intake[1]
- PTWI=permissible tolerable weekly intake[1]
- RfD=reference dose[1]
- NRC=The U.S. National Research Council
- U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
- WHO/IPCS=The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization
Dioxins and furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, PCDD/F and DL-PCB
Table 2. Limit values for PCDD/F and DL-PCB intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies.
TDI | t-TWI | PTMI | Year | Reference | Organisation |
- | - | - | 2002 | 1 | U.S. EPA statement:no new limit given |
2 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | - | - | 2001 | 2 | |
- | 7 pg TEQ/kg bw | - | 2001 | 3 | SCF |
- | 14 pg TEQ/kg bw | - | 2001 | 4 | SCF |
- | - | 70 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | 2001 | 5 | JECFA |
0,01 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | - | - | 2001 | 6 | U.S.EPA |
0,006 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | - | - | 7 | U.S. EPA | |
5 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | - | - | 1999 | 8 | The Nordic Expert Group |
1-4 WHO TEQ pg/kg bw | - | - | 1998 | 9 | WHO |
1 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw | - | - | 1998 | 10 | ATSDR |
- TDI=tolerable daily intake[1]
- t-TWI=temporary tolerable weekly intake[1]
- PTMI=permissible tolerable monthly intake[1]
- U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- SCF=The Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission
- JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
- WHO=World Health Organisation
- ATSDR=The U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Polybrominated diphenylethers, PBDEs
For polybrominated diphenylethers there is currently no limit values available. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) however has given an indicative threshold concentration at 100 µg/kg body weight/day, and concludes that ‘the limited toxicity data suggests that for the more toxic (less brominated) PBDE congeners (eg. BDE-47 and BDE-99) adverse effects would be unlikely to occur at doses of less than approximately 100 µg/kg bw per day’. FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand) concurs with the JECFA conclusions.[2]
Additional references