Limit values for intakes of persistent pollutants via food

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The page includes limit values set up by international advisory and/or governing bodies regulating environmental health issues for intakes of persistent contaminants, organic or inorganic, via food. Contaminants currently included for their limit values are:

  1. Mercury (Hg) as its organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), the most readily bioaccumulated form
  2. Dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)
  3. Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)


Table 1. Limit values for MeHg intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies.

TDI PTWI RfD Evaluation year Reference Organisation
- - 0,1 µg/kg bw/d 2000 http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&page=11, http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309071402 The U.S. NRC
- - 0,3-1,0 µg/kg bw/d 1998 http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&page=72 Clewell et al. 1998 (meta-analysis or suchlike)
- - 0,1 µg/kg bw/d 1997 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t3/reports/volume1.pdf the U.S. EPA for any person (including children and pregnant women)
- - 0,025-0,06 µg/kg bw/d 1995 http://www.ehponline.org/members/1995/Suppl-6/gibert-full.html Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995
- - 0,05 µg/kg bw/d 1995 - Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995, Rice 1992
- - 0,07 µg/kg bw/d 1993 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract Stern 1993
- 3,3 µg/kg bw - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract JECFA for adults only
0,48 µg/kg bw - - 1990 http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc101.htm#SubSectionNumber:10.2.2 The WHO/IPCS for adults only
TDI=tolerable daily intake[1]
PTWI=permissible tolerable weekly intake[1]
RfD=reference dose[1]
NRC=The U.S. National Research Council
U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
WHO/IPCS=The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization


Table 2. Limit values for PCDD/F and DL-PCB intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies.

TDI t-TWI PTMI Evaluation year Reference Organisation
- - - 2002 http://dels.nas.edu/dels/rpt_briefs/dioxin_brief_final.pdf U.S. EPA statement:no new limit given
2 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw - - 2001 http://cot.food.gov.uk/pdfs/cot-diox-full.pdf
- 7 pg TEQ/kg bw - 2001 http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4 SCF
- 14 pg TEQ/kg bw - 2001 http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4 SCF
- - 70 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw 2001 http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4 JECFA
0,01 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw - - 2001 http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4 U.S.EPA
0,006 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw - - http://www.terveysportti.fi/xmedia/duo/duo92005.pdf U.S. EPA
5 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw - - 1999 The Nordic Expert Group
- - - http://www.terveysportti.fi/xmedia/duo/duo92005.pdf
1-4 WHO TEQ pg/kg bw - - 1998 http://www.who.int/inf-pr-2001/en/state2001-01.html WHO
1 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw - - 1998 http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/en/exe-sum-final.pdf ATSDR
TDI=tolerable daily intake
t-TWI=temporary tolerable weekly intake
PTMI=permissible tolerable monthly intake
U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
SCF=The Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission
JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
WHO=World Health Organisation
ATSDR=The U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry


PBDEs

For polybrominated diphenylethers there is currently no limit values available. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) however has given an indicative threshold concentration at 100 µg/kg body weight/day, and concludes that ‘the limited toxicity data suggests that for the more toxic (less brominated) PBDE congeners (eg. BDE-47 and BDE-99) adverse effects would be unlikely to occur at doses of less than approximately 100 µg/kg bw per day’. FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand) concurs with the JECFA conclusions.[2]


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 IUPAC glossary terms used in toxicology
  2. ↑ Food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in food in Australia. Study of concentrations in foods in Australia including dietary exposure assessment and risk characterisation.
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