Difference between revisions of "Replacement"
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Serotype replacement means the replacement of the serotypes in the vaccine with serotypes that aren't included in the vaccine. In a vaccinated population the replacement has usually happenes fairly fast after the beginning of the vaccination program. Because of serotype replacement the vaccine against the desease has been less efficient than expected. Nurhonen and Auranen have built a model [http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1003477], that describes the mechanism of replacement in a vaccinated population. With the model it is possible to calculate estimates for the effects of different serotype combinations in vaccines against pneumococcal disease incidences in a population and find the serotypes that it would be most effective to add to current vaccinations in order to avoid invasive pneumococcus infections. | Serotype replacement means the replacement of the serotypes in the vaccine with serotypes that aren't included in the vaccine. In a vaccinated population the replacement has usually happenes fairly fast after the beginning of the vaccination program. Because of serotype replacement the vaccine against the desease has been less efficient than expected. Nurhonen and Auranen have built a model [http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1003477], that describes the mechanism of replacement in a vaccinated population. With the model it is possible to calculate estimates for the effects of different serotype combinations in vaccines against pneumococcal disease incidences in a population and find the serotypes that it would be most effective to add to current vaccinations in order to avoid invasive pneumococcus infections. | ||
| − | + | [[File:Replacementchart.png|thumb|center|600px|alt= graph of effects of vaccine|Pneumococcus carriage (on x-axis) and incidences per carriage (on y-axis) for serotypes in vaccine (VT) and serotypes the vaccine does not effect (NVT) before the vaccination program (chart A) and after (chart B). Incidences (DNVT and DVT) are a result of multiplying the values on the axes and are displayed as a rectangular areas. The carriage of serotypes in vaccines has been divided into three sections according to the effect of carriage in a population: (i) Carriage removed by vaccine changed into another carriage (VT*pq); (ii) Carriage removed by vaccine and not replaced by new carriage (VT*(1-p)q); (iii) Carriage not removed by vaccine (VT*(1-q)). In this chart q is carriage removed by vacccine and p is is carriage removed by vaccine and replaced by new carriage not included in the vaccine's serotypes. The incindences decrease because of the difference in virulency of the the removed and replaced carriage. The disappearence of incidences is shown as a blue rectangle (chart B).]] | |
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
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Revision as of 13:02, 21 June 2014
Serotype replacement means the replacement of the serotypes in the vaccine with serotypes that aren't included in the vaccine. In a vaccinated population the replacement has usually happenes fairly fast after the beginning of the vaccination program. Because of serotype replacement the vaccine against the desease has been less efficient than expected. Nurhonen and Auranen have built a model [1], that describes the mechanism of replacement in a vaccinated population. With the model it is possible to calculate estimates for the effects of different serotype combinations in vaccines against pneumococcal disease incidences in a population and find the serotypes that it would be most effective to add to current vaccinations in order to avoid invasive pneumococcus infections.
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Pneumococcus carriage (on x-axis) and incidences per carriage (on y-axis) for serotypes in vaccine (VT) and serotypes the vaccine does not effect (NVT) before the vaccination program (chart A) and after (chart B). Incidences (DNVT and DVT) are a result of multiplying the values on the axes and are displayed as a rectangular areas. The carriage of serotypes in vaccines has been divided into three sections according to the effect of carriage in a population: (i) Carriage removed by vaccine changed into another carriage (VT*pq); (ii) Carriage removed by vaccine and not replaced by new carriage (VT*(1-p)q); (iii) Carriage not removed by vaccine (VT*(1-q)). In this chart q is carriage removed by vacccine and p is is carriage removed by vaccine and replaced by new carriage not included in the vaccine's serotypes. The incindences decrease because of the difference in virulency of the the removed and replaced carriage. The disappearence of incidences is shown as a blue rectangle (chart B).
See also
