Difference between revisions of "Risk assessment on airports - Kuopio workshop case study"
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− | This page contains the risk assessment conducted as a case study in the Kuopio workshop. Before the workshop begins this page | + | {{release}} |
+ | This page contains the general information about risk assessment conducted as a case study in the Kuopio workshop. Before the workshop begins this page serve as a place to discuss how the case study should be done, e.g. the methodological approaches to be used, the tools to be used, the scoping of the case study, data availability etc. Some of these discussion can be found clicking the discussion tab of this page. | ||
− | + | '''The case is still incomplete and frozen for the time being. Given the unclarities and several unresolved issues concerning the Intarese framework and method, the resources available in the workshop were not sufficient to complete the case within the workshop period. During the workshop the focus was thus deliberately shifted towards discussing and working on the Intarese framework and method descriptions. See [[Kuopio workshop report | workshop report]] for further information on the progress of the workshop. The case assessment may be continued later if seen necessary and reasonable.''' | |
− | + | [[Category:Risk assessments]] [[Category:Risk assessments on airports]] | |
+ | ==Case study description== | ||
− | + | '''Scope:''' | |
− | + | Following a suggestion originally from David, we chose to focus on airports as the case, and Schiphol especially. A preliminary suggestion of the scoping is to concentrate on air pollution, noise, and road accidents. Airplanes, airport ground transportation and connecting road traffic are the emission sources. Airport related emissions near the airport (say, horizontally 10 km, vertically 1 km [or average boundary mixing layer]) will be considered, but not emissions from the air traffic as whole. Also the target geographic area or population for the risk assessment should be defined. The simplest solution is to target on the same 10 km radius (to be defined on a map). The airport isn't exactly a point source. | |
− | Following originally David | ||
The possible policy scenarios include | The possible policy scenarios include | ||
− | * time limitations of airport use (restirctions on night-time activity; noise) | + | * '''time limitations of airport use (restirctions on night-time activity; noise)''' |
* air traffic restrictions, e.g. overseas only (air pollution + noise) | * air traffic restrictions, e.g. overseas only (air pollution + noise) | ||
* plane types/sizes (EU airplane noise restrictions already apply, otherwise only indirectly contriollable as a consequence of the previous) | * plane types/sizes (EU airplane noise restrictions already apply, otherwise only indirectly contriollable as a consequence of the previous) | ||
* more efficient flight profiles or a more optimised route network (these relate to between-airport issues, yes? We do not have data to deal with this) | * more efficient flight profiles or a more optimised route network (these relate to between-airport issues, yes? We do not have data to deal with this) | ||
* and more advanced noise abatement arrival and departure procedures (we do not have data for this, either) | * and more advanced noise abatement arrival and departure procedures (we do not have data for this, either) | ||
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Excluded are: | Excluded are: | ||
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''Any actions/ policies!'' | ''Any actions/ policies!'' | ||
− | ==== Variables === | + | ===Framework=== |
+ | |||
+ | This is a draft of the framework that could be used for the airports case study. It includes tasks. Please send me (Anne) comments!!<br> | ||
+ | '''Each variable presented in this model works as a link to the corresponding variable in wiki''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | <imagemap> | ||
+ | Image:Framework airports new4.jpg | ||
+ | |||
+ | rect 221 107 301 145 [[Airplanes]] | ||
+ | rect 121 284 203 333 [[Economic and leisure activities]] | ||
+ | rect 221 171 304 221 [[Connecting road traffic]] | ||
+ | rect 359 171 436 207 [[Noise emissions]] | ||
+ | rect 354 85 437 152 [[Air pollution emissions]] | ||
+ | rect 462 91 544 145 [[Conc in air]] | ||
+ | rect 463 168 545 207 [[Noise levels]] | ||
+ | rect 577 98 657 137 [[Air pollution exposure]] | ||
+ | rect 575 168 658 208 [[Noise exposure]] | ||
+ | rect 692 61 797 98 [[Respiratory morbidity/mortality]] | ||
+ | rect 695 102 791 121 [[Cancer]] | ||
+ | rect 694 127 795 165 [[Cardiovascular morbidity/mortality]] | ||
+ | rect 695 172 796 190 [[Annoyance]] | ||
+ | rect 694 198 796 235 [[Sleep disturbance]] | ||
+ | rect 574 264 663 297 [[Accidents]] | ||
+ | rect 693 257 798 274 [[Fear]] | ||
+ | rect 694 278 798 300 [[Injury/Mortality]] | ||
+ | rect 827 127 922 151 [[DALYs/QALYs]] | ||
+ | rect 824 170 921 194 [[Costs]] | ||
+ | rect 825 213 920 250 [[Risk perception]] | ||
+ | rect 825 297 921 320 [[Benefits]] | ||
+ | rect 277 345 375 414 [[Emission factors and models]] | ||
+ | rect 392 347 489 413 [[Distributions etc models]] | ||
+ | rect 391 418 488 483 [[Mixtures/multiple exposures]] | ||
+ | rect 390 492 487 509 [[Intake fraction]] | ||
+ | rect 503 343 633 401 [[Exposed population]] | ||
+ | rect 503 407 633 466 [[Information on internal dose]] | ||
+ | rect 502 471 633 489 [[Vulnerable groups]] | ||
+ | rect 500 492 632 510 [[ Geography/GIS]] | ||
+ | rect 644 343 747 401 [[Dose effect relationships/models]] | ||
+ | rect 753 345 850 399 [[Calculation models]] | ||
+ | rect 147 541 904 559 [[Stakeholder involvement]] | ||
+ | rect 147 563 904 580 [[Uncertainty assessment]] | ||
+ | rect 148 584 903 602 [[Risk perception]] | ||
+ | rect 147 607 902 623 [[Presentation and communication tools]] | ||
+ | rect 147 628 903 643 [[Expert judgements]] | ||
+ | rect 147 648 903 666 [[Indicator development]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | desc bottom-left | ||
+ | </imagemap> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [[media:Airports.ANA| Click here to download original Analytica file]] used to make this diagram. The names of people responsible for different tasks are not in this analytica file. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Comments from Erik & Alex moved to discussion page''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Variables identified/used in this case=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Link to variable and method descriptions are listed here. You can reach variables also by clicking corresponding variable on the above framework picture. | ||
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− | * [[Economic activities]] | + | '''Variables''' |
+ | * [[Economic and leisure activities]] | ||
* [[Airplanes]] | * [[Airplanes]] | ||
* [[Connecting road traffic]] | * [[Connecting road traffic]] | ||
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* [[Cardiovascular morbidity/mortality]] | * [[Cardiovascular morbidity/mortality]] | ||
* [[Respiratory morbidity/mortality]] | * [[Respiratory morbidity/mortality]] | ||
+ | * [[Cancer]] | ||
* [[Annoyance]] | * [[Annoyance]] | ||
− | * [[Sleep disturbance]] | + | * [[Sleep disturbance (noise related)]] |
* [[Accidents]] | * [[Accidents]] | ||
+ | * [[Fear]] | ||
+ | * [[Injury/Mortality]] | ||
* [[Benefits]] | * [[Benefits]] | ||
* [[Costs]] | * [[Costs]] | ||
− | * [[DALYs/QALYs]] | + | * [[DALYs/QALYs]]<br><br> |
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− | + | '''Necessary inputs/methods''' | |
+ | * [[Number of planes/cars]] | ||
+ | * [[Emission factors and models]] | ||
+ | * [[Distributions etc models]] | ||
+ | * [[Mixtures/multiple exposures]] | ||
+ | * [[Intake fraction]] | ||
+ | * [[Exposed population]] | ||
+ | * [[Information on internal dose]] | ||
+ | * [[Vulnerable groups]] | ||
+ | * [[Geography/GIS]] | ||
+ | * [[Dose effect relationships/models]] | ||
+ | * [[Calculation models]]<br><br> | ||
− | * | + | '''Cross-cutting methods''' |
− | * | + | * [[Stakeholder involvement]] |
− | * | + | * [[Uncertainty assessment]] |
− | * | + | * [[Risk perception]] |
− | * | + | * [[Presentation and communication tools]] |
− | * | + | * [[Expert judgements]] |
+ | * [[Indicator development]] | ||
− | |||
− | + | Please have a look at [[Tools needed in Intarese toolbox]] for an overview of phases, steps, methods/guidance and tools making risk assessment using the Intarese framework and method. | |
− | + | === Policy assessment of nighttime noise limits === | |
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+ | As a policy assessment, we have chosen to look at the effects of reducing nighttime noise levels around Schiphol on sleep disturbance in the area around Schiphol. The desired outcome would be 'number of people sleep disturbed' in the two scenarios (with and without noise limits). DALYs are not useful for this specific policy question. Costs might be useful, especially if the costs of implemeting the noise limits (economical costs) are also known. Data on monetary valutation exist for coronary (fatal, not fatal), angina pectoris, hypertension, sleep disturbance (cost-of-illnes and willingness-to-pay). | ||
− | + | The following diagram provides an overview (limited!) of some ways to get to the desired outcome. In the specific case of Schiphol, we have the ''green nodes'' available, which makes it possible to come to the desired outcome (via the ''yellow nodes''). | |
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− | + | The diagram also shows some other options to derive the different variables. In white, a few question are asked that should be posed when doing this assessment in reality. '''Everything is just an example, not everything is covered''' | |
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− | + | A question that is not addressed in this diagram is where to set the boundaries for the assessment. | |
− | + | [[Image:Noise sleepdisturbance Schiphol assessment 2.jpg]] | |
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− | + | [[media:Noiseschiphol.ANA | Click here to download original Analytica file]] | |
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− | + | The noise policy case in the Schiphol assessment (see figure) tests and applies the selected Intarese methods and tools [[Tools needed in Intarese toolbox|(see table)]]. We start with the green and yellow variables, since there are data available. For each variable we describe the methods and tools needed and give an example/application of available methods and tools in the noise policy case. | |
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− | + | ====Noise level distribution: Application in noise policy case==== | |
+ | Original variable: [[Noise levels|Noise levels]] | ||
+ | '''Methods and tools needed''' | ||
+ | ''Development of noise level indicator'' | ||
− | + | Methods and tools available: | |
− | + | *WHO indicator development methodology | |
+ | **Application in case: | ||
+ | **Input to method: Noise level measurements | ||
+ | **Output of method: Noise level indicator | ||
− | + | ====Population distribution==== | |
− | + | Original variable: [[Exposed population|Exposed population]] | |
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− | + | '''Methods and tools needed''' | |
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− | + | Methods and tools available: | |
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− | + | **Application in case: | |
− | + | **Input to method: | |
− | + | **Output of method: Noise level indicator | |
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− | + | ====Number of people exposed to certain noise levels: Application in noise policy case==== | |
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− | + | Original variable: [[Noise exposure|Noise exposure]] | |
− | + | '''Methods and tools needed''' | |
− | + | ''Noise exposure model'' | |
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− | + | Methods and tools available: | |
− | + | *WP1.2 exposure models | |
+ | **Application in case: | ||
+ | **Input to method: | ||
+ | **Output of method: | ||
+ | ''Development of noise exposure indicator'' | ||
− | + | Methods and tools available: | |
− | * | + | *WHO indicator development methodology |
− | ** | + | **Application in case: |
− | * | + | **Input to method: ''None'' |
− | * | + | **Output of method: Noise exposure indicator (for example: ''Fraction of population with a given Lden of <55 dB(A), 55-60 dB(A), >60 dB(A)'') |
+ | ====Model to translate noise levels into sleep disturbance : Application in noise policy case==== | ||
+ | Original variable [[Sleep disturbance (noise related)|Sleep disturbance (noise related)]] | ||
− | + | '''Methods and tools needed''' | |
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+ | * WP1.3 methods of systemtic review/meta-analysis | ||
+ | **Application in case: | ||
+ | **Input to method: specific epidemiological studies dealing with noise and sleep disturbance | ||
+ | **Output of method: One specific study/ model that can be best used to model noise related sleep disturbance. (For example: Miedema functions, see [[Sleep disturbance (noise related)|Sleep disturbance (noise related)]] | ||
---- | ---- | ||
+ | The data or literature part was archived and can be found from [http://www.pyrkilo.fi/intarese/index.php?title=Risk_assessment_on_airports_-_Kuopio_workshop_case_study&oldid=5099 a previous version] | ||
Suggested case study topics were removed, but they can be found from [http://www.pyrkilo.fi/intarese/index.php?title=Risk_assessment_on_airports_-_Kuopio_workshop_case_study&oldid=4127 a previous version]. | Suggested case study topics were removed, but they can be found from [http://www.pyrkilo.fi/intarese/index.php?title=Risk_assessment_on_airports_-_Kuopio_workshop_case_study&oldid=4127 a previous version]. | ||
− | + | ||
+ | [[category:Kuopio workshop]] | ||
+ | [[category:Intarese]] |
Latest revision as of 07:14, 30 June 2010
Template:Release This page contains the general information about risk assessment conducted as a case study in the Kuopio workshop. Before the workshop begins this page serve as a place to discuss how the case study should be done, e.g. the methodological approaches to be used, the tools to be used, the scoping of the case study, data availability etc. Some of these discussion can be found clicking the discussion tab of this page.
The case is still incomplete and frozen for the time being. Given the unclarities and several unresolved issues concerning the Intarese framework and method, the resources available in the workshop were not sufficient to complete the case within the workshop period. During the workshop the focus was thus deliberately shifted towards discussing and working on the Intarese framework and method descriptions. See workshop report for further information on the progress of the workshop. The case assessment may be continued later if seen necessary and reasonable.
Contents
Case study description
Scope:
Following a suggestion originally from David, we chose to focus on airports as the case, and Schiphol especially. A preliminary suggestion of the scoping is to concentrate on air pollution, noise, and road accidents. Airplanes, airport ground transportation and connecting road traffic are the emission sources. Airport related emissions near the airport (say, horizontally 10 km, vertically 1 km [or average boundary mixing layer]) will be considered, but not emissions from the air traffic as whole. Also the target geographic area or population for the risk assessment should be defined. The simplest solution is to target on the same 10 km radius (to be defined on a map). The airport isn't exactly a point source.
The possible policy scenarios include
- time limitations of airport use (restirctions on night-time activity; noise)
- air traffic restrictions, e.g. overseas only (air pollution + noise)
- plane types/sizes (EU airplane noise restrictions already apply, otherwise only indirectly contriollable as a consequence of the previous)
- more efficient flight profiles or a more optimised route network (these relate to between-airport issues, yes? We do not have data to deal with this)
- and more advanced noise abatement arrival and departure procedures (we do not have data for this, either)
Excluded are:
Sources:
- air traffic as a whole (what is ment by this? Air traffic outside of the 10 km rad 1 km x volunme?)
- economic activities outside airport (hotels, storage, etc)
Releases/ exposures:
- odour
- climate change effects
- water/soil pollution
- indoor environment
- loss of public space/ natural habitat
- waste problems
- occupational problems (eg people working at airport with chemicals, fires, etc)
Effects
- accidents with airplanes
- hearing impairments
- transport of infectious diseases
- possible effects related to releases mentioned above
Any actions/ policies!
Framework
This is a draft of the framework that could be used for the airports case study. It includes tasks. Please send me (Anne) comments!!
Each variable presented in this model works as a link to the corresponding variable in wiki
Error: Image is invalid or non-existent.
Click here to download original Analytica file used to make this diagram. The names of people responsible for different tasks are not in this analytica file.
Comments from Erik & Alex moved to discussion page
Variables identified/used in this case
Link to variable and method descriptions are listed here. You can reach variables also by clicking corresponding variable on the above framework picture.
Variables
- Economic and leisure activities
- Airplanes
- Connecting road traffic
- Noise emissions
- Air pollution emissions
- Conc in air
- Noise levels
- Air pollution exposure
- Noise exposure
- Cardiovascular morbidity/mortality
- Respiratory morbidity/mortality
- Cancer
- Annoyance
- Sleep disturbance (noise related)
- Accidents
- Fear
- Injury/Mortality
- Benefits
- Costs
- DALYs/QALYs
Necessary inputs/methods
- Number of planes/cars
- Emission factors and models
- Distributions etc models
- Mixtures/multiple exposures
- Intake fraction
- Exposed population
- Information on internal dose
- Vulnerable groups
- Geography/GIS
- Dose effect relationships/models
- Calculation models
Cross-cutting methods
- Stakeholder involvement
- Uncertainty assessment
- Risk perception
- Presentation and communication tools
- Expert judgements
- Indicator development
Please have a look at Tools needed in Intarese toolbox for an overview of phases, steps, methods/guidance and tools making risk assessment using the Intarese framework and method.
Policy assessment of nighttime noise limits
As a policy assessment, we have chosen to look at the effects of reducing nighttime noise levels around Schiphol on sleep disturbance in the area around Schiphol. The desired outcome would be 'number of people sleep disturbed' in the two scenarios (with and without noise limits). DALYs are not useful for this specific policy question. Costs might be useful, especially if the costs of implemeting the noise limits (economical costs) are also known. Data on monetary valutation exist for coronary (fatal, not fatal), angina pectoris, hypertension, sleep disturbance (cost-of-illnes and willingness-to-pay).
The following diagram provides an overview (limited!) of some ways to get to the desired outcome. In the specific case of Schiphol, we have the green nodes available, which makes it possible to come to the desired outcome (via the yellow nodes).
The diagram also shows some other options to derive the different variables. In white, a few question are asked that should be posed when doing this assessment in reality. Everything is just an example, not everything is covered
A question that is not addressed in this diagram is where to set the boundaries for the assessment.
Click here to download original Analytica file
The noise policy case in the Schiphol assessment (see figure) tests and applies the selected Intarese methods and tools (see table). We start with the green and yellow variables, since there are data available. For each variable we describe the methods and tools needed and give an example/application of available methods and tools in the noise policy case.
Noise level distribution: Application in noise policy case
Original variable: Noise levels
Methods and tools needed
Development of noise level indicator
Methods and tools available:
- WHO indicator development methodology
- Application in case:
- Input to method: Noise level measurements
- Output of method: Noise level indicator
Population distribution
Original variable: Exposed population
Methods and tools needed
Methods and tools available:
- Application in case:
- Input to method:
- Output of method: Noise level indicator
Number of people exposed to certain noise levels: Application in noise policy case
Original variable: Noise exposure
Methods and tools needed
Noise exposure model
Methods and tools available:
- WP1.2 exposure models
- Application in case:
- Input to method:
- Output of method:
Development of noise exposure indicator
Methods and tools available:
- WHO indicator development methodology
- Application in case:
- Input to method: None
- Output of method: Noise exposure indicator (for example: Fraction of population with a given Lden of <55 dB(A), 55-60 dB(A), >60 dB(A))
Model to translate noise levels into sleep disturbance : Application in noise policy case
Original variable Sleep disturbance (noise related)
Methods and tools needed
- WP1.3 methods of systemtic review/meta-analysis
- Application in case:
- Input to method: specific epidemiological studies dealing with noise and sleep disturbance
- Output of method: One specific study/ model that can be best used to model noise related sleep disturbance. (For example: Miedema functions, see Sleep disturbance (noise related)
The data or literature part was archived and can be found from a previous version
Suggested case study topics were removed, but they can be found from a previous version.