Difference between revisions of "Building stock in Kuopio"
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(terminology clarified) |
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Line 213: | Line 213: | ||
ggplot(buildings@output, aes(x = Building, weight = buildingsResult, fill = RenovationPolicy)) + | ggplot(buildings@output, aes(x = Building, weight = buildingsResult, fill = RenovationPolicy)) + | ||
geom_bar(position = "dodge") + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1)) | geom_bar(position = "dodge") + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1)) | ||
+ | |||
+ | odebug(buildings) | ||
+ | odebug(shows) | ||
</rcode> | </rcode> | ||
Line 326: | Line 329: | ||
Offices|1900-1909|11|1405|6658|24571.1|108975.1|| | Offices|1900-1909|11|1405|6658|24571.1|108975.1|| | ||
Offices|1799-1899|10|8885|28766|22337.36|99068.2|| | Offices|1799-1899|10|8885|28766|22337.36|99068.2|| | ||
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|2000-2010|3|1608|9750|6014.098|33975.3|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1990-1999|90|27412|81016|180422.9|1019260|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1980-1989|59|40501|135660|118277.3|668181.6|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1970-1979|9|17990|66240|18042.29|101926|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1960-1969|6|7613|25440|12028.2|67950.7|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1950-1959|9|3992|17387|18042.29|101926|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1940-1949|40|5824|16901|80187.97|453004.5|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1930-1939|10|2962|12795|20046.99|113251.1|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1920-1929|4|8512|27777|8018.797|45300.5|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1910-1919|1|70|400|2004.699|11325.1|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1900-1909|37|2511|9416|74173.87|419029.2|| |
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|1799-1899|8|5221|27778|16037.59|90600.9|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|2000-2010|1|30|53|4225.8|16458.0|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1990-1999|16|26529|174067|67612.8|263327.8|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1980-1989|21|9354|27182|88741.7|345617.7|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1970-1979|5|976|2743|21129.0|82289.9|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1960-1969|3|237|943|12677.4|49374.0|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1950-1959|7|793|2677|29580.6|115205.9|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1940-1949|5|661|1695|21129.0|82289.9|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1930-1939|2|66|147|8451.6|32916.0|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1920-1929|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1910-1919|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1900-1909|2|149|487|8451.6|32916.0|| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|1799-1899|2|30|70|8451.6|32916.0|| |
− | Public | + | Public|2000-2010|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1990-1999|17|10065|30863|22048|113251.8|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1980-1989|8|948|3571|10375.5|53295.0|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1970-1979|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1960-1969|9|16153|58085|11672.5|59956.9|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1950-1959|12|1716|4432|15563.3|79942.5|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1940-1949|11|1774|4841|14266.4|73280.6|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1930-1939|2|752|1328|2593.9|13323.8|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1920-1929|6|5129|13639|7781.7|39971.2|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1910-1919|1|31|78|1296.9|6661.9|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1900-1909|5|375|1103|6484.7|33309.4|| |
− | Public | + | Public|1799-1899|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|2000-2010|3|1601|4892|5231.2|34573.8|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1990-1999|9|1330|3777|15693.5|103721.2|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1980-1989|23|3993|11721|40105.7|265065.4|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1970-1979|1|1010|2980|1743.7|11524.6|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1960-1969|4|326|970|6974.9|46098.3|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1950-1959|5|561|1421|8718.6|57622.9|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1940-1949|5|606|2467|8718.6|57622.9|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1930-1939|4|92|214|6974.9|46098.3|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1920-1929|1|128|368|1743.7|11524.6|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1910-1919|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1900-1909|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Sports | + | Sports|1799-1899|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|2000-2010|10|965|3291|28041.9|118506.4|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1990-1999|35|12690|64092|98146.7|414772.4|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1980-1989|50|28242|83710|140209.5|592532|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1970-1979|24|24414|77939|67300.6|284415.3|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1960-1969|2|240|647|5608.4|23701.28|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1950-1959|4|3992|11602|11216.8|47402.6|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1940-1949|1|255|620|2804.2|11850.6|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1930-1939|5|1730|5190|14021|59253.2|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1920-1929|1|151|400|2804.2|11850.6|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1910-1919|0|0|0|0|0|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1900-1909|11|829|3384|30846.1|130357|| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|1799-1899|4|2129|7063|11216.8|47402.6|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|2000-2010|12|1403|4983|12303.7|67793.0|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1990-1999|73|59828|259259|74847.7|412407.7|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1980-1989|100|61742|213089|102531.1|564942|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1970-1979|30|53533|245860|30759.3|169482.6|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1960-1969|25|21774|78599|25632.8|141235.5|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1950-1959|33|54513|171916|33835.3|186430.9|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1940-1949|16|5991|18432|16405|90390.7|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1930-1939|5|3774|16943|5126.6|28247.1|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1920-1929|4|1012|2483|4101.2|22597.7|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1910-1919|1|736|3800|1025.3|5649.4|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1900-1909|8|78|210|8202.5|45195.4|| |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|1799-1899|5|1692|6530|5126.6|28247.1|| |
− | Other | + | Other|2000-2010|1757|839469|3554193|85457.8|395141.1|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1990-1999|848|368865|1353085|41245.4|190711.2|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1980-1989|867|617201|2413346|42169.5|194984.3|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1970-1979|395|666755|2847441|19212.2|88833.7|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1960-1969|266|408885|1574959|12937.8|59822.2|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1950-1959|310|474438|1656934|15077.9|69717.6|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1940-1949|244|102298|352553|11867.8|54874.5|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1930-1939|75|50759|187919|3647.9|16867.2|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1920-1929|93|72101|278959|4523.4|20915.3|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1910-1919|33|41916|150394|1605.1|7421.5|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1900-1909|116|34061|120695|5642.1|26087.9|| |
− | Other | + | Other|1799-1899|41|33680|137878|1994.2|9220.7|| |
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
Line 419: | Line 422: | ||
Row houses|26-39|13120-18408|44141-62721|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings | Row houses|26-39|13120-18408|44141-62721|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings | ||
Apartment houses|21-31|34815-55460|128154-209340|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings | Apartment houses|21-31|34815-55460|128154-209340|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings | ||
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|9-14|9742-87323|49576-651239|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings |
Offices|3-6|235-23891|993-106590|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings | Offices|3-6|235-23891|993-106590|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings | ||
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|14-23|2948-11638|13555-78906|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings |
− | Public | + | Public|2-5|313-2819|905-17470|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings |
− | Educational | + | Educational|4-6|220-14730|1745-74718|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|2-8|17-28843|280-175064|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings |
− | + | Sports||||2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings | |
− | Leisure | + | Leisure houses|47-69|2859-3660|9909 12693|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings |
− | Other | + | Other|317-421|19849-36194|80607-123013|2010-2012|From city supervision of buildings |
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
Line 446: | Line 449: | ||
Leisure houses|Electricity|100|100|Assumption | Leisure houses|Electricity|100|100|Assumption | ||
Offices|District|100|100|Assumption | Offices|District|100|100|Assumption | ||
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|District|100|100|Assumption |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|District|100|100|Assumption |
− | Public | + | Public|District|100|100|Assumption |
− | Sports | + | Sports|District|100|100|Assumption |
− | Educational | + | Educational|District|100|100|Assumption |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|District|100|100|Assumption |
− | Other | + | Other|District|100|100|Assumption |
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
Explanations: | Explanations: | ||
Line 504: | Line 507: | ||
Row houses|District|168.88|73.5|73.5|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data | Row houses|District|168.88|73.5|73.5|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data | ||
Apartment houses|District|172.31|41.7|41.7|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data | Apartment houses|District|172.31|41.7|41.7|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data | ||
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|District|161.82|229.6|229.6|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data |
Offices|District|161.07|93.1|93.1|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data | Offices|District|161.07|93.1|93.1|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data | ||
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|District|214.97|122.81|122.81|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data |
− | Public | + | Public|District|165.47|110.4|110.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data |
− | Sports | + | Sports|District|121.38|85.9|85.9|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data |
− | Educational | + | Educational|District|170|116.4|116.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|District|168.44|212.4|212.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data |
Leisure houses|Electricity|2.4|1|3.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data | Leisure houses|Electricity|2.4|1|3.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data | ||
− | Other | + | Other|District|138.14|170.3|170.3|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data |
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
Line 532: | Line 535: | ||
Row houses|District|53.25|23.16|2010|From energy company | Row houses|District|53.25|23.16|2010|From energy company | ||
Apartment houses|District|49.2|11.9|2010|From energy company | Apartment houses|District|49.2|11.9|2010|From energy company | ||
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|District|28.65|40.64|2010|From energy company |
Offices|District|36.32|20.99|2010|From energy company | Offices|District|36.32|20.99|2010|From energy company | ||
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|District|55.2|31.53|2010|From energy company |
− | Public | + | Public|District|32.21|21.49|2010|From energy company |
− | Sports | + | Sports|District|18.37|13|2010|From energy company; Electricity value comes from city´s renovation data |
− | Educational | + | Educational|District|40.23|27.54|2010|From energy company |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|District|30.57|38.55|2010|From energy company |
Leisure houses|Electricity|0.68|0.29|2010|From energy company | Leisure houses|Electricity|0.68|0.29|2010|From energy company | ||
− | Other | + | Other|District|29.88|36.83|2010|From energy company |
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
Line 580: | Line 583: | ||
Row houses|Residential| | Row houses|Residential| | ||
Apartment houses|Residential| | Apartment houses|Residential| | ||
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|Non-residential| |
Offices|Non-residential| | Offices|Non-residential| | ||
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|Non-residential| |
− | Public | + | Public|Non-residential| |
− | Educational | + | Educational|Non-residential| |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|Non-residential| |
− | + | Sports|Non-residential| | |
− | Leisure | + | Leisure houses|Non-residential| |
− | Other | + | Other|Non-residential| |
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
Line 603: | Line 606: | ||
Leisure houses|Electricity|||||||||| | Leisure houses|Electricity|||||||||| | ||
Offices|District|||0|||||||Assumption | Offices|District|||0|||||||Assumption | ||
− | Commercial | + | Commercial|District|||0|||||||Assumption |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector|District|||0|||||||Assumption |
− | Public | + | Public|District|||0|||||||Assumption |
− | Sports | + | Sports|District|||0|||||||Assumption |
− | Educational | + | Educational|District||24|0|||||||Haverinen-Shaughnessy et al. 2012; Assumption |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|District|||0|||||||Assumption |
− | Other | + | Other|District|||||||||| |
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
Line 628: | Line 631: | ||
Shops and other commercial buildings|2012 forward|240|Finland´s Environmental Administration | Shops and other commercial buildings|2012 forward|240|Finland´s Environmental Administration | ||
Offices|2012 forward|170|Finland´s Environmental Administration | Offices|2012 forward|170|Finland´s Environmental Administration | ||
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector: Hospitals|2012 forward|450|Finland´s Environmental Administration |
− | Health and social sector | + | Health and social sector: Health care centers etc.|2012 forward|170|Finland´s Environmental Administration |
− | Public | + | Public|2012 forward|240|Finland´s Environmental Administration |
− | Sports | + | Sports|2012 forward|170|Does not apply to swimming- and ice halls; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
− | Educational | + | Educational|2012 forward|170|Finland´s Environmental Administration |
− | Industrial | + | Industrial|2012 forward|-|E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
Leisure buildings|2012 forward|-|E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration | Leisure buildings|2012 forward|-|E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration | ||
− | Other | + | Other|2012 forward|-|E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
Revision as of 12:07, 24 January 2014
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Contents
- 1 Question
- 2 Answer
- 3 Rationale
- 3.1 Building stock
- 3.2 Heating types of buildings
- 3.3 Energy efficiency in heating
- 3.4 Baseline energy consumption
- 3.5 Renovations and their impact
- 3.6 Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors
- 3.7 Regulations regarding energy consumption of buildings
- 3.8 Emission factors for wood heating
- 3.9 Calculations for ovariables
- 3.10 Other preliminary calculations
- 4 See also
- 5 Keywords
- 6 References
- 7 Related files
Question
How to model the building stock of a city?
Answer
Obs | Decision maker | Decision | Option | Variable | Cell | Change | Unit | Amount | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | City | RenovationPolicy | Active | renovation | Multiply | 2 | |||
2 | City | RenovationPolicy | BAU | renovation | Multiply | 1 |
- Calculate building stock into the future
- The dynamics is calculated by adding building floor area at time points greater than construction year, and by subtracting when time point is greater than demolition year. This is done by building category, not individually.
- Also the renovation dynamics is built using event years: at an event, a certain amount of floor area is moved from one energy efficiency category to another.
- Full data are stored in the ovariables. Before evaluating, extra columns and rows are removed. The first part of the code is about this.
- Plot results from this page
Rationale
Building stock
Obs | Building | Constructed | Number | AreaBR | VolumeBR | AreaHR | VolumeHR | Population | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | 2000-2010 | 756 | 386081 | 1633314 | 101479.9 | 324433.4 | From building registry, except AreaHR and VolumeHR from heat registry | |
2 | Detached houses | 1990-1999 | 291 | 69238 | 244161 | 39061.7 | 124881.1 | ||
3 | Detached houses | 1980-1989 | 1332 | 436466 | 1578407 | 178797.9 | 571620.7 | ||
4 | Detached houses | 1970-1979 | 1153 | 533914 | 2135897 | 154770.3 | 494803.8 | ||
5 | Detached houses | 1960-1969 | 714 | 239478 | 825910 | 95842.12 | 306409.3 | ||
6 | Detached houses | 1950-1959 | 769 | 129148 | 400137 | 103224.9 | 330012.2 | ||
7 | Detached houses | 1940-1949 | 444 | 59420 | 199806 | 59599.3 | 190540.2 | ||
8 | Detached houses | 1930-1939 | 231 | 29492 | 117817 | 31007.75 | 991332.4 | ||
9 | Detached houses | 1920-1929 | 182 | 52362 | 209142 | 24430.34 | 78104.3 | ||
10 | Detached houses | 1910-1919 | 83 | 17141 | 63287 | 11141.31 | 35619.0 | ||
11 | Detached houses | 1900-1909 | 364 | 8583 | 26697 | 48860.69 | 156208.7 | ||
12 | Detached houses | 1799-1899 | 80 | 21416 | 90078 | 10738.61 | 34331.57 | ||
13 | Row houses | 2000-2010 | 35 | 4885 | 14776 | 14073.89 | 44638.6 | ||
14 | Row houses | 1990-1999 | 131 | 44673 | 155291 | 52676.57 | 167076 | ||
15 | Row houses | 1980-1989 | 215 | 53238 | 167371 | 86453.91 | 274208.7 | ||
16 | Row houses | 1970-1979 | 248 | 112504 | 388698 | 99723.58 | 316296.5 | ||
17 | Row houses | 1960-1969 | 169 | 59354 | 218500 | 67956.79 | 215540.8 | ||
18 | Row houses | 1950-1959 | 149 | 51992 | 181039 | 59914.57 | 190033 | ||
19 | Row houses | 1940-1949 | 150 | 24266 | 79655 | 60316.88 | 191308.4 | ||
20 | Row houses | 1930-1939 | 18 | 2109 | 6769 | 7238.002 | 22957.0 | ||
21 | Row houses | 1920-1929 | 50 | 6694 | 19447 | 20105.56 | 63769.5 | ||
22 | Row houses | 1910-1919 | 10 | 5649 | 31095 | 4021.112 | 12753.9 | ||
23 | Row houses | 1900-1909 | 60 | 1617 | 4770 | 24126.67 | 76523.4 | ||
24 | Row houses | 1799-1899 | 6 | 3075 | 12932 | 2412.667 | 7652.3 | ||
25 | Apartment houses | 2000-2010 | 101 | 19494 | 64499 | 167322.2 | 585906.9 | ||
26 | Apartment houses | 1990-1999 | 260 | 119428 | 487611 | 430730.5 | 1508275 | ||
27 | Apartment houses | 1980-1989 | 393 | 136886 | 479881 | 651065.8 | 2279816 | ||
28 | Apartment houses | 1970-1979 | 149 | 127426 | 429284 | 246841.7 | 864357.7 | ||
29 | Apartment houses | 1960-1969 | 122 | 114214 | 393011 | 202112 | 707729.1 | ||
30 | Apartment houses | 1950-1959 | 155 | 55041 | 236701 | 256781.7 | 899164 | ||
31 | Apartment houses | 1940-1949 | 73 | 17521 | 52956 | 120935.9 | 423477.3 | ||
32 | Apartment houses | 1930-1939 | 46 | 12122 | 47788 | 76206.17 | 266848.7 | ||
33 | Apartment houses | 1920-1929 | 51 | 6468 | 18829 | 84489.45 | 295854 | ||
34 | Apartment houses | 1910-1919 | 17 | 5361 | 16580 | 28163.15 | 98618 | ||
35 | Apartment houses | 1900-1909 | 77 | 3600 | 18943 | 127562.5 | 446681.5 | ||
36 | Apartment houses | 1799-1899 | 15 | 9190 | 37245 | 24849.84 | 87015.87 | ||
37 | Leisure houses | 2000-2010 | 129 | 27622 | 106034 | 27622 | 106034 | ||
38 | Leisure houses | 1990-1999 | 628 | 253150 | 959798 | 253150 | 959798 | ||
39 | Leisure houses | 1980-1989 | 312 | 106254 | 328436 | 106254 | 328436 | ||
40 | Leisure houses | 1970-1979 | 15 | 17313 | 61670 | 17313 | 61670 | ||
41 | Leisure houses | 1960-1969 | 23 | 41800 | 142756 | 41800 | 142756 | ||
42 | Leisure houses | 1950-1959 | 19 | 7727 | 24658 | 7727 | 24658 | ||
43 | Leisure houses | 1940-1949 | 32 | 6581 | 19417 | 6581 | 19417 | ||
44 | Leisure houses | 1930-1939 | 11 | 1671 | 4028 | 1671 | 4028 | ||
45 | Leisure houses | 1920-1929 | 3 | 496 | 1672 | 496 | 1672 | ||
46 | Leisure houses | 1910-1919 | 7 | 8345 | 30030 | 8345 | 30030 | ||
47 | Leisure houses | 1900-1909 | 25 | 8177 | 31580 | 8177 | 31580 | ||
48 | Leisure houses | 1799-1899 | 11 | 5187 | 21517 | 5187 | 21517 | ||
49 | Offices | 2000-2010 | 11 | 834 | 2513 | 24571.1 | 108975.1 | ||
50 | Offices | 1990-1999 | 30 | 5475 | 16512 | 67012.09 | 297204.7 | ||
51 | Offices | 1980-1989 | 15 | 15856 | 61168 | 33506.05 | 148602.4 | ||
52 | Offices | 1970-1979 | 5 | 8182 | 35146 | 11168.68 | 49534.1 | ||
53 | Offices | 1960-1969 | 14 | 12896 | 42267 | 31272.31 | 138695.5 | ||
54 | Offices | 1950-1959 | 11 | 4175 | 14891 | 24571.1 | 108975.1 | ||
55 | Offices | 1940-1949 | 26 | 5813 | 19002 | 58077.15 | 257577.4 | ||
56 | Offices | 1930-1939 | 6 | 7203 | 25634 | 13402.42 | 59441.0 | ||
57 | Offices | 1920-1929 | 6 | 18447 | 73484 | 13402.42 | 59441.0 | ||
58 | Offices | 1910-1919 | 3 | 7007 | 28393 | 6701.209 | 29720.5 | ||
59 | Offices | 1900-1909 | 11 | 1405 | 6658 | 24571.1 | 108975.1 | ||
60 | Offices | 1799-1899 | 10 | 8885 | 28766 | 22337.36 | 99068.2 | ||
61 | Commercial | 2000-2010 | 3 | 1608 | 9750 | 6014.098 | 33975.3 | ||
62 | Commercial | 1990-1999 | 90 | 27412 | 81016 | 180422.9 | 1019260 | ||
63 | Commercial | 1980-1989 | 59 | 40501 | 135660 | 118277.3 | 668181.6 | ||
64 | Commercial | 1970-1979 | 9 | 17990 | 66240 | 18042.29 | 101926 | ||
65 | Commercial | 1960-1969 | 6 | 7613 | 25440 | 12028.2 | 67950.7 | ||
66 | Commercial | 1950-1959 | 9 | 3992 | 17387 | 18042.29 | 101926 | ||
67 | Commercial | 1940-1949 | 40 | 5824 | 16901 | 80187.97 | 453004.5 | ||
68 | Commercial | 1930-1939 | 10 | 2962 | 12795 | 20046.99 | 113251.1 | ||
69 | Commercial | 1920-1929 | 4 | 8512 | 27777 | 8018.797 | 45300.5 | ||
70 | Commercial | 1910-1919 | 1 | 70 | 400 | 2004.699 | 11325.1 | ||
71 | Commercial | 1900-1909 | 37 | 2511 | 9416 | 74173.87 | 419029.2 | ||
72 | Commercial | 1799-1899 | 8 | 5221 | 27778 | 16037.59 | 90600.9 | ||
73 | Health and social sector | 2000-2010 | 1 | 30 | 53 | 4225.8 | 16458.0 | ||
74 | Health and social sector | 1990-1999 | 16 | 26529 | 174067 | 67612.8 | 263327.8 | ||
75 | Health and social sector | 1980-1989 | 21 | 9354 | 27182 | 88741.7 | 345617.7 | ||
76 | Health and social sector | 1970-1979 | 5 | 976 | 2743 | 21129.0 | 82289.9 | ||
77 | Health and social sector | 1960-1969 | 3 | 237 | 943 | 12677.4 | 49374.0 | ||
78 | Health and social sector | 1950-1959 | 7 | 793 | 2677 | 29580.6 | 115205.9 | ||
79 | Health and social sector | 1940-1949 | 5 | 661 | 1695 | 21129.0 | 82289.9 | ||
80 | Health and social sector | 1930-1939 | 2 | 66 | 147 | 8451.6 | 32916.0 | ||
81 | Health and social sector | 1920-1929 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
82 | Health and social sector | 1910-1919 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
83 | Health and social sector | 1900-1909 | 2 | 149 | 487 | 8451.6 | 32916.0 | ||
84 | Health and social sector | 1799-1899 | 2 | 30 | 70 | 8451.6 | 32916.0 | ||
85 | Public | 2000-2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
86 | Public | 1990-1999 | 17 | 10065 | 30863 | 22048 | 113251.8 | ||
87 | Public | 1980-1989 | 8 | 948 | 3571 | 10375.5 | 53295.0 | ||
88 | Public | 1970-1979 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
89 | Public | 1960-1969 | 9 | 16153 | 58085 | 11672.5 | 59956.9 | ||
90 | Public | 1950-1959 | 12 | 1716 | 4432 | 15563.3 | 79942.5 | ||
91 | Public | 1940-1949 | 11 | 1774 | 4841 | 14266.4 | 73280.6 | ||
92 | Public | 1930-1939 | 2 | 752 | 1328 | 2593.9 | 13323.8 | ||
93 | Public | 1920-1929 | 6 | 5129 | 13639 | 7781.7 | 39971.2 | ||
94 | Public | 1910-1919 | 1 | 31 | 78 | 1296.9 | 6661.9 | ||
95 | Public | 1900-1909 | 5 | 375 | 1103 | 6484.7 | 33309.4 | ||
96 | Public | 1799-1899 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
97 | Sports | 2000-2010 | 3 | 1601 | 4892 | 5231.2 | 34573.8 | ||
98 | Sports | 1990-1999 | 9 | 1330 | 3777 | 15693.5 | 103721.2 | ||
99 | Sports | 1980-1989 | 23 | 3993 | 11721 | 40105.7 | 265065.4 | ||
100 | Sports | 1970-1979 | 1 | 1010 | 2980 | 1743.7 | 11524.6 | ||
101 | Sports | 1960-1969 | 4 | 326 | 970 | 6974.9 | 46098.3 | ||
102 | Sports | 1950-1959 | 5 | 561 | 1421 | 8718.6 | 57622.9 | ||
103 | Sports | 1940-1949 | 5 | 606 | 2467 | 8718.6 | 57622.9 | ||
104 | Sports | 1930-1939 | 4 | 92 | 214 | 6974.9 | 46098.3 | ||
105 | Sports | 1920-1929 | 1 | 128 | 368 | 1743.7 | 11524.6 | ||
106 | Sports | 1910-1919 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
107 | Sports | 1900-1909 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
108 | Sports | 1799-1899 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
109 | Educational | 2000-2010 | 10 | 965 | 3291 | 28041.9 | 118506.4 | ||
110 | Educational | 1990-1999 | 35 | 12690 | 64092 | 98146.7 | 414772.4 | ||
111 | Educational | 1980-1989 | 50 | 28242 | 83710 | 140209.5 | 592532 | ||
112 | Educational | 1970-1979 | 24 | 24414 | 77939 | 67300.6 | 284415.3 | ||
113 | Educational | 1960-1969 | 2 | 240 | 647 | 5608.4 | 23701.28 | ||
114 | Educational | 1950-1959 | 4 | 3992 | 11602 | 11216.8 | 47402.6 | ||
115 | Educational | 1940-1949 | 1 | 255 | 620 | 2804.2 | 11850.6 | ||
116 | Educational | 1930-1939 | 5 | 1730 | 5190 | 14021 | 59253.2 | ||
117 | Educational | 1920-1929 | 1 | 151 | 400 | 2804.2 | 11850.6 | ||
118 | Educational | 1910-1919 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
119 | Educational | 1900-1909 | 11 | 829 | 3384 | 30846.1 | 130357 | ||
120 | Educational | 1799-1899 | 4 | 2129 | 7063 | 11216.8 | 47402.6 | ||
121 | Industrial | 2000-2010 | 12 | 1403 | 4983 | 12303.7 | 67793.0 | ||
122 | Industrial | 1990-1999 | 73 | 59828 | 259259 | 74847.7 | 412407.7 | ||
123 | Industrial | 1980-1989 | 100 | 61742 | 213089 | 102531.1 | 564942 | ||
124 | Industrial | 1970-1979 | 30 | 53533 | 245860 | 30759.3 | 169482.6 | ||
125 | Industrial | 1960-1969 | 25 | 21774 | 78599 | 25632.8 | 141235.5 | ||
126 | Industrial | 1950-1959 | 33 | 54513 | 171916 | 33835.3 | 186430.9 | ||
127 | Industrial | 1940-1949 | 16 | 5991 | 18432 | 16405 | 90390.7 | ||
128 | Industrial | 1930-1939 | 5 | 3774 | 16943 | 5126.6 | 28247.1 | ||
129 | Industrial | 1920-1929 | 4 | 1012 | 2483 | 4101.2 | 22597.7 | ||
130 | Industrial | 1910-1919 | 1 | 736 | 3800 | 1025.3 | 5649.4 | ||
131 | Industrial | 1900-1909 | 8 | 78 | 210 | 8202.5 | 45195.4 | ||
132 | Industrial | 1799-1899 | 5 | 1692 | 6530 | 5126.6 | 28247.1 | ||
133 | Other | 2000-2010 | 1757 | 839469 | 3554193 | 85457.8 | 395141.1 | ||
134 | Other | 1990-1999 | 848 | 368865 | 1353085 | 41245.4 | 190711.2 | ||
135 | Other | 1980-1989 | 867 | 617201 | 2413346 | 42169.5 | 194984.3 | ||
136 | Other | 1970-1979 | 395 | 666755 | 2847441 | 19212.2 | 88833.7 | ||
137 | Other | 1960-1969 | 266 | 408885 | 1574959 | 12937.8 | 59822.2 | ||
138 | Other | 1950-1959 | 310 | 474438 | 1656934 | 15077.9 | 69717.6 | ||
139 | Other | 1940-1949 | 244 | 102298 | 352553 | 11867.8 | 54874.5 | ||
140 | Other | 1930-1939 | 75 | 50759 | 187919 | 3647.9 | 16867.2 | ||
141 | Other | 1920-1929 | 93 | 72101 | 278959 | 4523.4 | 20915.3 | ||
142 | Other | 1910-1919 | 33 | 41916 | 150394 | 1605.1 | 7421.5 | ||
143 | Other | 1900-1909 | 116 | 34061 | 120695 | 5642.1 | 26087.9 | ||
144 | Other | 1799-1899 | 41 | 33680 | 137878 | 1994.2 | 9220.7 |
New buildings per year
Obs | Building | Number | Area | Volume | Year | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | 244-271 | 35137-40041 | 120728-141108 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
2 | Row houses | 26-39 | 13120-18408 | 44141-62721 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
3 | Apartment houses | 21-31 | 34815-55460 | 128154-209340 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
4 | Commercial | 9-14 | 9742-87323 | 49576-651239 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
5 | Offices | 3-6 | 235-23891 | 993-106590 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
6 | Industrial | 14-23 | 2948-11638 | 13555-78906 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
7 | Public | 2-5 | 313-2819 | 905-17470 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
8 | Educational | 4-6 | 220-14730 | 1745-74718 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
9 | Health and social sector | 2-8 | 17-28843 | 280-175064 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
10 | Sports | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings | |||
11 | Leisure houses | 47-69 | 2859-3660 | 9909 12693 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
12 | Other | 317-421 | 19849-36194 | 80607-123013 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
Removed buildings per year
Number of removed buildings has been 15-25 per year during 2009-2012 according dismantling permissions of the city. The actual number may be somewhat larger.
Heating types of buildings
Obs | Building | Heating | Fraction | Old fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | District | 68.36 | 82.5 | City of Kuopio |
2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 16.09 | 8.93 | |
3 | Detached houses | Oil | 8.50 | 4.66 | |
4 | Detached houses | Wood | 5.24 | 2.86 | |
5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 1.81 | 1.04 | |
6 | Row houses | District | 100 | 100 | Nearly correct |
7 | Apartment houses | District | 100 | 100 | Nearly correct |
8 | Leisure houses | Electricity | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
9 | Offices | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
10 | Commercial | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
11 | Health and social sector | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
12 | Public | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
13 | Sports | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
14 | Educational | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
15 | Industrial | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
16 | Other | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
Explanations:
- "Old fraction" is based on data according to which the number of detached houses residing in the central city area but NOT district-heated is 700 (Excel-file from city of Kuopio). However, more accurate number is assumed to be around 3000 (email from Arja A. 8.5.2013), which is reflected in the current "Fraction" column.
Obs | Building2 | Heating | Constructed | Fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Residential | District | Rest of heating | ||
2 | Residential | Geothermal | 5-10 | ||
3 | Residential | Electricity | 10-15 | ||
4 | Non-residential | District | 100 |
Energy efficiency in heating
Obs | Efficiency | Heat | User electricity | Water | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Old | 150 | 30 | Pöyry 2011 s.28 | |
2 | New | 70 | 50 | 40 | Pöyry 2011 s.32 (2010 SRMK) |
3 | Low-energy | 35 | 50 | 40 | Personal communication |
4 | Passive | 17.5 - 25 | 50 | 40 | Pöyry 2011 s.33; Personal communication |
Obs | Efficiency | Constructed | Fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | New | 2020-2029 | 10-20 | |
2 | Low-energy | 2020-2029 | The rest of energy class | |
3 | Passive | 2020-2029 | 25-35 | |
4 | New | 2030-2039 | 5-10 | |
5 | Low-energy | 2030-2039 | 20-50 | |
6 | Passive | 2030-2039 | The rest of energy class | |
7 | New | 2040-2049 | 0-5 | |
8 | Low-energy | 2040-2049 | 10-30 | |
9 | Passive | 2040-2049 | The rest of energy class |
- Old: old buildings to be renovated (or in need of renovation)
- New: normal new buildings (no current need of renovation)
- Low-energy: buildings consuming about half of the energy of a new building
- Passive: buildings consuming a quarter or less of the energy of a new building
- Chinese green building system: [9] [10]
Baseline energy consumption
--# : Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)! --Marjo 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)
Obs | Building | Heating | Heat | User electricity | Total electricity | Year | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | District | 134.74 | 50 | 184.74 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data; Pöyry |
2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 130 | 50 | 180 | 2010 | Energiapolar; Pöyry |
3 | Detached houses | Oil | 134.74 | 50 | 50 | 2010 | Pöyry. Efficiency 90-95% (energiatehokaskoti.fi). |
4 | Detached houses | Wood | 134.74 | 50 | 50 | 2010 | Assumption. Efficiency of good kettles 80%(energiatehokaskoti.fi). |
5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 40 | 50 | 90 | 2010 | Assumption |
6 | Row houses | District | 168.88 | 73.5 | 73.5 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
7 | Apartment houses | District | 172.31 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
8 | Commercial | District | 161.82 | 229.6 | 229.6 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
9 | Offices | District | 161.07 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
10 | Health and social sector | District | 214.97 | 122.81 | 122.81 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
11 | Public | District | 165.47 | 110.4 | 110.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
12 | Sports | District | 121.38 | 85.9 | 85.9 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
13 | Educational | District | 170 | 116.4 | 116.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
14 | Industrial | District | 168.44 | 212.4 | 212.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
15 | Leisure houses | Electricity | 2.4 | 1 | 3.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
16 | Other | District | 138.14 | 170.3 | 170.3 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
Pöyry 2011. [1]
Energiapolar. [2]
Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys [3]
--# : Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)! --Marjo 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)
Obs | Building | Heating | Heat | User electricity | Year | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | District | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data; Energiapolar |
2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 40.66 | 15.67 | 2010 | Energiapolar |
3 | Detached houses | Oil | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Energiapolar |
4 | Detached houses | Wood | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Assumption |
5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 18.56 | 15.67 | 2010 | Assumption |
6 | Row houses | District | 53.25 | 23.16 | 2010 | From energy company |
7 | Apartment houses | District | 49.2 | 11.9 | 2010 | From energy company |
8 | Commercial | District | 28.65 | 40.64 | 2010 | From energy company |
9 | Offices | District | 36.32 | 20.99 | 2010 | From energy company |
10 | Health and social sector | District | 55.2 | 31.53 | 2010 | From energy company |
11 | Public | District | 32.21 | 21.49 | 2010 | From energy company |
12 | Sports | District | 18.37 | 13 | 2010 | From energy company; Electricity value comes from city´s renovation data |
13 | Educational | District | 40.23 | 27.54 | 2010 | From energy company |
14 | Industrial | District | 30.57 | 38.55 | 2010 | From energy company |
15 | Leisure houses | Electricity | 0.68 | 0.29 | 2010 | From energy company |
16 | Other | District | 29.88 | 36.83 | 2010 | From energy company |
Renovations and their impact
Obs | Constructed | Result | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2000-2010 | 0 | Assumption |
2 | 1990-1999 | 0 | Assumption |
3 | 1980-1989 | 2 | Assumption |
4 | 1970-1979 | 8 | Assumption based on Pöyry 2011 s.27 |
5 | 1960-1969 | 8 | Assumption based on Pöyry 2011 s.27 |
6 | 1950-1959 | 2 | Assumption |
7 | 1940-1949 | 2 | Assumption |
8 | 1930-1939 | 2 | Assumption |
9 | 1920-1929 | 2 | Assumption |
10 | 1910-1919 | 1 | Assumption |
11 | 1900-1909 | 1 | Assumption |
12 | 1799-1899 | 1 | Assumption |
Obs | Efficiency | Building2 | Renovation | Relative | Absolute | Renovation details | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Old | Residential | Windows | 15 | 25 | New windows and doors | Pöyry 2011 |
2 | Old | Residential | Technical systems | 50 | 75 | New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems | Pöyry 2011 |
3 | Old | Residential | Sheath reform | 65 | 100 | New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems, significant reform of building's sheath | Pöyry 2011 |
4 | Old | Non-residential | General | 15 | - | General renovation | Pöyry 2011 |
5 | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done |
Obs | Renovation | Fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Windows | 10-20 | |
2 | Technical systems | 20-25 | |
3 | Sheath reform | 15-20 | |
4 | General | The rest of renovations |
Obs | Building | Building2 | Dummy |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | Residential | |
2 | Row houses | Residential | |
3 | Apartment houses | Residential | |
4 | Commercial | Non-residential | |
5 | Offices | Non-residential | |
6 | Industrial | Non-residential | |
7 | Public | Non-residential | |
8 | Educational | Non-residential | |
9 | Health and social sector | Non-residential | |
10 | Sports | Non-residential | |
11 | Leisure houses | Non-residential | |
12 | Other | Non-residential |
Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors
Obs | Building | Heating | Ventilation rate | Dampness% | Smoking% | Biomass burning% | Indoor background emissions | In noise areas% | Too hot in summer% | Too cold in winter% | Radon | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | District | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
3 | Detached houses | Oil | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
4 | Detached houses | Wood | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
6 | Row houses | District | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 21 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
7 | Apartment houses | District | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 30 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
8 | Leisure houses | Electricity | ||||||||||
9 | Offices | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
10 | Commercial | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
11 | Health and social sector | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
12 | Public | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
13 | Sports | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
14 | Educational | District | 24 | 0 | Haverinen-Shaughnessy et al. 2012; Assumption | |||||||
15 | Industrial | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
16 | Other | District |
Gens 2012 [4]
Haverinen-Shaughnessy 2010 [5]
Haverinen-Shaughnessy et al. 2012 [6]
Turunen et al. 2010 [7]
Regulations regarding energy consumption of buildings
Obs | Building | Year | E-value | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | 2012 forward | 204 | Heated net area <120 m2; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
2 | Row houses | 2012 forward | 150 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
3 | Apartment houses | 2012 forward | 130 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
4 | Shops and other commercial buildings | 2012 forward | 240 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
5 | Offices | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
6 | Health and social sector: Hospitals | 2012 forward | 450 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
7 | Health and social sector: Health care centers etc. | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
8 | Public | 2012 forward | 240 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
9 | Sports | 2012 forward | 170 | Does not apply to swimming- and ice halls; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
10 | Educational | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
11 | Industrial | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
12 | Leisure buildings | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
13 | Other | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
Emission factors for wood heating
Obs | Type | Activity in Finland | PM2.5 emission factor | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Residential buildings | 34.2 (30.8-37.6) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
2 | Primary wood-heated residential buildings | 20.2 (16.6-23.9) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
3 | Manual feed boilers with accumulator tank | 5.42 (3.89-7.22) | 80.0 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
4 | Manual feed boilers without accumulator tank | 2.67 (1.67-3.87) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
5 | Automatic feed wood chip boilers | 1.46 (1.01-2) | 50.0 (23.5-93.9) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
6 | Automatic feed pellet boilers | 0.102 (0.0693-0.142) | 30.0 (14.1-56.3) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
7 | Iron stoves | 0.142 (0.0976-0.196) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
8 | Other stoves and ovens | 10.2 (7.86-12.8) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
9 | Low-emission stoves | 0 | 80 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
10 | Open fireplaces | 0.163 (0.111-0.224) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
11 | Supplementary wood-heated residential buildings | 14.0 (10.7-17.4) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
12 | Iron stoves | 0.212 (0.135-0.316) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
13 | Other stoves and ovens | 13.6 (10.4-16.9) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
14 | Low-emission stoves | 0 | 80 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
15 | Open fireplaces | 0.222 (0.14-0.332) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
16 | Recreational buildings | 5.00 (4.50-5.50) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
17 | Iron stoves | 0.782 (0.372-1.37) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
18 | Other stoves and ovens | 3.96 (3.19-4.59) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
19 | Open fireplaces | 0.262 (0.118-0.477) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
Karvosenoja et al. 2008 [8]
Calculations for ovariables
Other preliminary calculations
See also
Keywords
References
- ↑ Pöyry 2011: Kuopion kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen vähentämismahdollisuudet v 2020 mennessä. [1]
- ↑ Energiapolar/Arvioi sähkönkulutus[2]
- ↑ Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys[3]
- ↑ Gens 2012 [4]
- ↑ Haverinen-Shaughnessy 2010 [5]
- ↑ Haverinen-Shaughnessy et al. 2012 [6]
- ↑ Turunen et al. 2010 [7]
- ↑ Karvosenoja et al. 2008 [8]
Related files
<mfanonymousfilelist></mfanonymousfilelist>