Difference between revisions of "Climate change"

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This page contains an assessment of climate change using the Pyrkilo method. the data used in this assessment is climate change related articles published in Helsingin Sanomat during Summer 2006, a series of invited "vieraskynä" -articles as its core.
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[[Category:Climate change]]
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{{encyclopedia|moderator=Mikko Pohjola}}
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'''Climate change''' typically refers to the global change of climatic patterns due to human activities, notably the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. For more description, see [[:Category:Climate change]] or [[:en:Climate change|Climate change]] in [[Wikipedia]].
  
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The assessment is in draft phase and comments and contribution of everyone interested is very welcome
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The text from a [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Climate_change&oldid=12136 previous version] was moved to [[Dependencies of climate change]].
  
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==See also==
  
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== Focus ==
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* [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/379na6.pdf Low-carbon technology policy success factors assessed]
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To study the predicted health risks that derive from the expected changes in the climate.
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* [http://uppsalainitiativet.blogspot.se/2014/05/guest-post-by-lennart-bengtsson-my-view.html  My view on climate research by Lennart Bengtsson]
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* [http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/introduction U.S. National Climate Assessment 2014] [http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/downloads downloads]
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* [http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2546 Climate change is a health emergency] (BMJ 2014; 348 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2546)
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* [http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/share-your-info/tools European Climate Adaptation Platform]: Share your info
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* [http://www.lowcarbonplatform.fi/yhteistoimintamalli.html Low carbon platform] (by VTT, VATT, Metla, GTK)
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* [http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?contentid=298715&lan=en&clan=en Caravan]: Climate change: a regional assessment of vulnerability and adaptive capacity for the Nordic countries (by Tim Carter et al, SYKE)
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* [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgrd.50171/abstract Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment] (T.C. Bond et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospeheres Online ePub 15 Jan 2013. {{doi|10.1002/jgrd.50171}}
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* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17628146 BBC: Are Denmark's renewable energy goals wishful thinking?]
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* [[:Category:Climate change]]
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* [[:en:Climate change|Climate change]]
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* [http://news.aaas.org/2012_annual_meeting/0219science-is-not-enough-1.shtml Scientists Offer Passionate, Innovative Ways to Engage the Public on Climate Change]
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* Keskitalo, E. Carina H. (Ed.): [http://www.springer.com/environment/global+change+-+climate+change/book/978-90-481-9324-0 Developing Adaptation Policy and Practice in Europe: Multi-level Governance of Climate Change], Springer, 2010.
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* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/7537521/James-Lovelock-humans-are-too-stupid-to-prevent-climate-change-says-maverick-scientist.html James Lovelock: 'humans too stupid to stop climate change', says maverick scientist]
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* [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6063/1616.1.full Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union] Climate Outlook Looking Much The Same, or Even Worse
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* [http://www.ilmastofoorumi.fi/ Ilmastofoorumi] a Finnish layman society, skeptic about climate change
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* [http://ktkblog.kuluttajatutkimus.fi/ilmastoareena/ Ilmastoareena] the Climate Arena, organised by Kuluttajatutkimuskeskus and http://www.wwviews.org/
  
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== Scope ==
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==References==
  
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According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, climate is:
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<references/>
  
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"Conditions of the atmosphere at a particular location over a long period of time; it is the long-term summation of the atmospheric elements (and their variations) that, over short time periods, constitute weather. These elements are solar radiation, temperature, humidity, precipitation (type, frequency, and amount), atmospheric pressure, and wind (speed and direction)." (Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9106248, 13.7.2006)
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==Related files==
  
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A. In the data used in this assessment, climate is variably referred to by different writers as:
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{{mfiles}}
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:* local microclimate(s)
 
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:* regional mesoclimate(s)
 
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:* global macroclimate
 
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B. The "long period of time" is variably considered to mean timescales in:
 
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:* order of 10<sup>1</sup> years - 10<sup>3</sup> years
 
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:* order of 10<sup>3</sup> years - 10<sup>6</sup> years
 
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:* order of 10<sup>6</sup> years - 10<sup>8</sup> years
 
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* In this assessment the spatial scope is chosen as to consider global macroclimate, but also considering the implications of the global changes on regional and local scales
 
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* In this assessment the considerations are limited primarily on the temporal scope of 10<sup>1</sup> - 10<sup>3</sup> years, but it is important at least to also recognize the factors that affect climate change on longer timesacales as well, since it appears that also the very long-term factors can express themselves in quite rapid changes in climate(s)
 
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* Health effects of climate change on a longer timescale than 10<sup>3</sup> years include so much uncertainty that they are not considered here.
 
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* Population: whole human population, on considering regional implications North Europe, Finland in particular ("populations affected strongly by Gulf-Stream")
 
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* Health effects: directly climate change induced deaths/injuries, climate change induced diseases, climate change induced psychological effects, effects of changes in food/water supply, changes in living environment
 
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* Methods: Existing literature (articles in HS) studied with Pyrkilö method
 
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== Main indicators ==
 
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* Global average temperature?
 
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* CO<sub>2</sub> content in atmosphere?
 
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* CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of human activities?
 
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* average temperature of surface waters in big oceans?
 
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* amount of strong storms/year?
 
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* sizes of polar glaciers?
 
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* sun activity?
 
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* start/end times of annual snow/ice covered/free periods in arctic areas?
 
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== Causal chain ==
 
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*'''Driving force''': astronomical factors, volcanic activity, activity of the sun and human activity
 
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*'''Pressures''': changes in radiation balance on earth &rArr; climate change
 
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*'''States''': more storms, global warming, extreme weathers increasing, changes in living environment for different species
 
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*'''Exposure''': Everyone on earth is exposed to climate change, regional and local differences in weather (particular, local manifestation of climate) and the outcomes of it can be very big
 
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*'''Effects''': victims of flooding & storms, increase in animal transmitted diseases, potential effects stemming from problems in global/regional/local food care and clean water delivery, psychological effects of changes in natural lighting conditions
 
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*'''Actions''': political and economical control systems & technological development to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to atmosphere coming from industrial activity, transportation and consumption, adaptation of health care systems to the changing demands, communal construction changes to meet the upcoming requirements/conditions, adaptation/preparation of agriculture/forestry...
 
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== Value judgements ==
 
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?
 
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== "Vieraskynä" articles in brief ==
 
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Prof. Matti Saarnisto (Geology) [1Ma-100Ma / 10a-1Ma]
 
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''Climate change''<br>
 
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&lArr; differences in global heat transfer
 
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:&lArr; changes in ocean streams
 
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::&lArr; melting rate of glaciers
 
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:::&lArr; increase of sun radiation balance on earth
 
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::::&lArr; changes in earth's orbit
 
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::::&lArr; earth's inclination
 
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::&lArr; movement of tectonic plates
 
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&lArr; shifting of airflows
 
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:&lArr; creation of mountain chains
 
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::&lArr; movement of tectonic plates
 
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&lArr; decrease of sun radiation balance on earth
 
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:&lArr; reduction of CO2 in atmosphere through disintegration
 
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::&lArr; creation of mountain chains
 
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:::&lArr; movement of tectonic plates
 
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VP Mikko Alestalo, (Meteorology) [1ka-10ka / 10a-100a]
 
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:&rArr; rising of sea levels
 
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&rArr; melting of glaciers<br>
 
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''Climate change''<br>
 
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&lArr; sun radiation variation
 
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&lArr; ashes from volcanic eruptions
 
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&lArr; increase of greenhouse gases
 
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:&lArr; human activities (population growth, use of fossil fuels, world politics)
 
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&lArr; changes in ocean streams
 
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:&lArr; melting of glaciers
 
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Doc. Esko Kuusisto (Hydrology) [10-100a]
 
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''Climate change''<br>
 
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&lArr; water circulation
 
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:&lArr; use of land
 
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&lArr; CO2 emissions to atmosphere
 
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:&lArr; burning of fossil fuels
 
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::&lArr; creation of pleasant microclimates for humans
 
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Doc. Jarl R. Ahlbeck (Environmental Engineering) [10a-100a]
 
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''Climate change''<br>
 
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&#8653; CO2 increase in atmosphere<br>
 
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&larr; today's arctic temperatures compared to 1930's (reliable) arctic temperatures are approximately the same<br>
 
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&larr; climate models produce unreliable results of greenhouse effect
 
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:&larr; together the following
 
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:* effects of water vapour are not understood theoretically
 
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:* climate models overestimate the strengthening effects of water vapour
 
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:* climate models overestimate the total amount of fossil fuels
 
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Prof. Markku Wilenius (Futures research) [10a-100a]
 
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''Climate change''<br>
 
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&lArr; changes in ocean behaviour (ocean streams)
 
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:&lArr; warming of oceans
 
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::&lArr; positive balance of sun radiation's heat effect on earth
 
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:::&lArr; increase of greenhouse gases
 
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::::&lArr; human activities
 
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:::::&lArr; economical control systems
 
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Res. Jari Lyytimäki [10a-100a]
 
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''Climate change''<br>
 
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&rArr; reduction in snow and ice covers
 
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:&rArr; changes in living conditions of animals adapted to winters
 
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:&rArr; changes in natural lighting conditions
 
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::&rArr; changes in living conditions of organisms living in lakes
 
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::&rArr; increased need of artificial lighting
 
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:::&rArr; increased energy use
 
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::&rArr; psychological effects
 
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:::&rArr; increased travelling "to sun"
 
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::::&rArr; increased energy use
 
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Man. Teija Lahti-Nuuttila (Energy & Environment Technology) [10a-100a]
 
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''Climate change''<br>
 
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&lArr; greenhouse gas emissions
 
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:&lArr; industrial activity, transportation, consumption
 
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::&lArr; political & economical control systems
 
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::&lArr; technological development
 
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:&lArr; use of new techologies
 
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::&lArr; political & economical control systems
 
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::&lArr; technological development
 
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Man. Veikko Marttila (Agriculture & Forestry) [10a-100a]
 
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''Climate change''<br>
 
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&rArr; increased(?) crop yields<br>
 
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&rArr; increase of storms<br>
 
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:&rArr; increase of forest downfalls
 
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&rArr; increase of pest insects & mycoses
 
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:&rArr; further increase of forest downfalls
 
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&rArr; difficulties in wood harvest
 
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:&rArr; difficulties in wood use
 
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&rArr; warming of waters<br>
 
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:&rArr; changes in fish populations
 
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::&rArr; alterations in fish farming conditions
 
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&rArr; new needs in communal construction<br>
 
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&rArr; increase in animal & algae transmitted diseases
 
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:&rArr; changed demands for public health care
 

Latest revision as of 12:17, 14 August 2014


Climate change typically refers to the global change of climatic patterns due to human activities, notably the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. For more description, see Category:Climate change or Climate change in Wikipedia.

The text from a previous version was moved to Dependencies of climate change.

See also

References


Related files

<mfanonymousfilelist></mfanonymousfilelist>

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