Difference between revisions of "ERF of omega-3 fatty acids"

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<references/>
 
<references/>
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= ERF of fish intake on neurological disorders in adults =
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{{variable}}
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[[Category:Health effects]]
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[[Category:Fish]]
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== Scope ==
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What is the exposure-response function ([[ERF]]) of omega-3-rich fish intake on neurological disorders in adults? Especially the focus is on brain infarction.
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== Definition ==
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=== Data ===
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In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week.<ref>Fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults
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Jyrki K. Virtanen, David S. Siscovick, Will T. Longstreth, Lewis H. Kuller, Dariush Mozaffarian
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Neurology 2008;71:439–446.</ref>
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=== Causality ===
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None identified.
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=== Unit ===
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% change / # fish portions per week
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=== Formula ===
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== Result ==
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<t2b index="Disease,Response metric,Exposure route,Exposure metric,Exposure unit,Threshold,ERF parameter,Observation" locations="ERF,Description" unit="-">
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Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)|Prevalence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|≥3 times/week vs. <1/month||RR|0.74(0.54-1.01)|Virtanen et al. 2008
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Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct|Prevalence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week||Decrease in RR %|7(0.6-12)|Virtanen et al. 2008
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Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)|Incidence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|≥3 times/week vs. <1/month||RR|0.56(0.30-1.07)|Virtanen et al. 2008
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Any incident subclinical brain infarct|Incidence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week||Decrease in RR %|11(0.7-22)|Virtanen et al. 2008
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Status of cerebral white matter|Grade score|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week||Increase in grade score %|3.8|Virtanen et al. 2008
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</t2b>
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==See also==
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* [http://www.kampus.uku.fi/tiedotteet/tiedote.shtml?v=2008&tied=12179163101552 A press release from the University of Kuopio (in Finnish)]
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==References==
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<references/>
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= ERF of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD risk in adults =
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[[Category:Fish]]
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{{variable}}
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<br>
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== Scope  ==
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'''ERF of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD risk in adults '''describes quantitative relationship between exposure to omega-3 fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. <br>
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== Definition  ==
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'''ERF of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD risk in adults''' is represented as a random variable. It is indexed by variable age. It applies to the last two age categories of the Beneris population, i.e. adults aged 18-55yr and 55yr+ (gender combined).
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=== Causality  ===
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List of parents:
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*[[Body weight in Finland]]
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=== Data  ===
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Fernandez-Jarne et al. <ref>Fernandez-Jarne E, Garrido FA, Gutierrez AA, Arrillaga CDF, Martinez-Gonzales MA. Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. (In Spanish) 2002;118:121–5.</ref> examined the relationship between intake of fish and n-3 PUFA and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a low risk population from Navarre (Spain). They found that the n-3 PUFA intake has a protective effect on AMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the second and third tertile of n-3 PUFA intake were 0.44 (95% Cl, 0.21-0.91) and 0.47 (95% Cl, 0.22-1.00), respectively. The trend test was not statistically significant. {{Disclink| Time unit for ERF of n-3 PUFA}}
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Mozaffarian and Rimm <ref name="Rimm"> Mozaffarian D., Rimm E.B., Fish intake, contaminants, and human health. Evaluating the risks and the benefits. (Reprinted) JAMA, 2006. Vol 296, No. 15 </ref> estimated that at intakes between 0 and 250 mg/d, the relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) death is lower by 14.6% (95% CI: 8% to 21%) per each 100 mg/d of EPA and DHA intake and that at higher intakes ( > 250 mg/d) the risk reduction is 0.0% (95% CI: -0.9% to 0.8%) per each 100 mg/d.
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The ERF of omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA) intake from fish (in unit of mg/kg bw-day) on the CHD mortality is estimated based on information provided in <ref name="Rimm" />. First, the central estimate and the 95% CI for the change (in this case decrease) in natural logarithm of relative risk (RR) of CHD mortality per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake (in unit of mg/day) in both intake intervals were derived. In general, the relationship between the percent change in RR (%RR) associated with c-unit increase in omega-3 fatty acids intake and the incremental change in lnRR (beta) per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake is beta = (1/c)*ln((%RR/100)+1). Normal distribution was chosen to describe the uncertainty in the parameter of the log-linear model for RR in each intake interval. For intake of EPA+DHA between 0 and 250 mg/day the mean and the standard
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deviation of parameter distribution are -0.0016 and 0.0004, for higher intakes 0 and 0.0005. Then, the distribution of ERF of omega-3 fatty acids intake from fish in units of mg/kg bw-day was obtained by multiplying ERFs of omega-3 fatty acids intake measured in mg/day by the body weight of adult. 
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=== Unit  ===
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lnRR/ 1 (mg/kg bw-day) change in EPA+DHA intake from fish
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=== Formula  ===
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For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish between 0 and 250 mg/day: N(-0.0016,0.0004)*BW<br>
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For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish higher than 250 mg/day: N(0,0.0005)*BW
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== Result  ==
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<t2b name="ERF of PUFA on CVD" index="Exposure agent,Disease,Response metric,Exposure route,Exposure metric,Exposure unit,Threshold,ERF parameter" obs="ERF" desc="Description" unit="-">
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PUFA|CHD|Δlog(CHD mortality rate)|Ingestion|Intake from fish|mg/day EPA+DHA|0|ERS|-0.002 (±3.97E-4)|Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013
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</t2b>
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== References  ==
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<br> <references />

Revision as of 07:34, 19 August 2014



Question

What is the exposure-response function (ERF) of omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer

Show results


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Rationale

Exposure-response of fish oil intake for MI risk in adults is indexed by variable age. It applies to the last two age categories.

Data

ERF

Difference between revisions of "ERF of omega-3 fatty acids"(-)
ObsExposure agentTraitResponse metricExposure routeExposure metricExposure unitERF parameterThresholdERFDescription
1DHAChild´s IQChange in IQ pointsPlacentaMaternal intakemg/kg bw/dayERS00.07 +- 0.01Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013; Standard deviation
2Omega3CHDΔlog(CHD mortality rate)IngestionIntake from fishmg/day EPA+DHARR00.9802 +- 0.000389Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 SD = exp(-0.02)-exp(-0.02+3.97E-4)
3FishSubclinical brain infarct (one or more)PrevalenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fish≥3 times/week vs. <1/monthRR00.74 (0.54 - 1.01)Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
4FishAny prevalent subclinical brain infarctPrevalenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per weekRR00.93 (0.88 - 0.994)Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
5FishSubclinical brain infarct (one or more)IncidenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fish≥3 times/week vs. <1/monthRR00.56 (0.30 - 1.07)Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
6FishAny incident subclinical brain infarctIncidenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per weekRR00.89 (0.78 - 0.993)Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
7FishStatus of cerebral white matterGrade scoreIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per week1 /grade score00.038Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
8TEQDevelopmental dental defects incl. agenesisYes/No according to "Developmental Defects of Enamel Index" Ingestion etc. (as it was in Seveso)log(TCDD serum concentration+1)ng/kg in fatERS00.26 +- 0.12Alaluusua et al. 2004; PL Gradowska PhD thesis 2013; ERF:n laatu on epäselvä
9TEQCancerLifetime probability of developing cancerIngestionIntakekg bw d /mgOral CSF0156000US EPA: onko ajantasainen, ei löydy EPAn sivuilta(?)
10MeHgChildhood intelligenceIQ changePlacentaMaternal MeHg concentration in hairug /gERS0-0.7 (-1.5 - 0)

ERF publications

ERF data as described in original articles
Exposure agent Trait Response metric Exposure route Exposure metric Exposure unit ERF parameter Threshold ERF Description
DHA Child´s IQ Change in IQ points Placenta Maternal intake mg/kg bw/day ERS 0 0.07(±0.01) Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013
Omega3 CHD Δlog(CHD mortality rate) Ingestion Intake from fish mg/day EPA+DHA ERS 0 -0.002 (±3.97E-4) Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013
Fish Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) Prevalence Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish =3 times/week vs. <1/month RR 0 0.74(0.54-1.01) Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct Prevalence Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish Each one serving per week Decrease in RR % 0 7(0.6-12) Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) Incidence Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish =3 times/week vs. <1/month RR 0 0.56(0.30-1.07) Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish Any incident subclinical brain infarct Incidence Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish Each one serving per week Decrease in RR % 0 11(0.7-22) Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish Status of cerebral white matter Grade score Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish Each one serving per week Increase in grade score % 0 3.8 Virtanen et al. 2008
TEQ Developmental dental defects incl. agenesis Yes/No according to "Developmental Defects of Enamel Index" Ingestion etc. (as it was in Seveso) log(TCDD serum concentration+1) ng/kg in fat ERS 0 0.26 (±0.12) Alaluusua et al. 2004; PL Gradowska PhD thesis 2013
TEQ Cancer Lifetime probability of developing cancer Ingestion Intake (mg/kg bw/d)^-1 Oral CSF 0 156000 US EPA
MeHg Childhood intelligence IQ change Placenta Maternal MeHg concentration in hair ug /g ERS 0 -1.5;-0.7;0

The study by Cohen et al. 2005 [1] estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points D↷. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used.

Study by Cohen et al[1] finds that prenatal MeHg exposure sufficient to increase the concentration of mercury in maternal hair at parturition by 1 µg/g decreases IQ by 0.7 points. The paper identifies important sources of uncertainty influencing this estimate, concluding that the plausible range of values for this loss is 0 to 1.5 IQ points. A triangular distribution with parameters: min = 0, mode = 0.7 and max = 1.5 was created. Distribution by author judgement. See ERF of methyl mercury.

Data also from (some pages should be merged)

Incidences

Incidences(#/py)
ObsTraitResponse metricAgeIncidenceDescription
1CHDIncidenceAdult0.002510000 CHD deaths per 4000000 py in Finland
2Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)IncidenceAdult0.0025guesswork

Unit

IQ points/(100mg omega-3/d)

Calculations

References

  1. ↑ Cohen, J.T., PhD, Bellinger, D.C, PhD, W.E., MD, Bennett A., and Shaywitz B.A. 2005b. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;29(4):366–374).

ERF of fish intake on neurological disorders in adults

Scope

What is the exposure-response function (ERF) of omega-3-rich fish intake on neurological disorders in adults? Especially the focus is on brain infarction.

Definition

Data

In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week.[1]

Causality

None identified.

Unit

% change / # fish portions per week

Formula

Result

Difference between revisions of "ERF of omega-3 fatty acids"(-)
ObsDiseaseResponse metricExposure routeExposure metricExposure unitThresholdERF parameterERFDescription
1Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)PrevalenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fish≥3 times/week vs. <1/monthRR0.74(0.54-1.01)Virtanen et al. 2008
2Any prevalent subclinical brain infarctPrevalenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per weekDecrease in RR %7(0.6-12)Virtanen et al. 2008
3Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)IncidenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fish≥3 times/week vs. <1/monthRR0.56(0.30-1.07)Virtanen et al. 2008
4Any incident subclinical brain infarctIncidenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per weekDecrease in RR %11(0.7-22)Virtanen et al. 2008
5Status of cerebral white matterGrade scoreIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per weekIncrease in grade score %3.8Virtanen et al. 2008

See also

References

  1. ↑ Fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults Jyrki K. Virtanen, David S. Siscovick, Will T. Longstreth, Lewis H. Kuller, Dariush Mozaffarian Neurology 2008;71:439–446.

ERF of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD risk in adults



Scope

ERF of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD risk in adults describes quantitative relationship between exposure to omega-3 fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults.

Definition

ERF of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD risk in adults is represented as a random variable. It is indexed by variable age. It applies to the last two age categories of the Beneris population, i.e. adults aged 18-55yr and 55yr+ (gender combined).

Causality

List of parents:

Data

Fernandez-Jarne et al. [1] examined the relationship between intake of fish and n-3 PUFA and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a low risk population from Navarre (Spain). They found that the n-3 PUFA intake has a protective effect on AMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the second and third tertile of n-3 PUFA intake were 0.44 (95% Cl, 0.21-0.91) and 0.47 (95% Cl, 0.22-1.00), respectively. The trend test was not statistically significant. D↷

Mozaffarian and Rimm [2] estimated that at intakes between 0 and 250 mg/d, the relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) death is lower by 14.6% (95% CI: 8% to 21%) per each 100 mg/d of EPA and DHA intake and that at higher intakes ( > 250 mg/d) the risk reduction is 0.0% (95% CI: -0.9% to 0.8%) per each 100 mg/d.

The ERF of omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA) intake from fish (in unit of mg/kg bw-day) on the CHD mortality is estimated based on information provided in [2]. First, the central estimate and the 95% CI for the change (in this case decrease) in natural logarithm of relative risk (RR) of CHD mortality per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake (in unit of mg/day) in both intake intervals were derived. In general, the relationship between the percent change in RR (%RR) associated with c-unit increase in omega-3 fatty acids intake and the incremental change in lnRR (beta) per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake is beta = (1/c)*ln((%RR/100)+1). Normal distribution was chosen to describe the uncertainty in the parameter of the log-linear model for RR in each intake interval. For intake of EPA+DHA between 0 and 250 mg/day the mean and the standard deviation of parameter distribution are -0.0016 and 0.0004, for higher intakes 0 and 0.0005. Then, the distribution of ERF of omega-3 fatty acids intake from fish in units of mg/kg bw-day was obtained by multiplying ERFs of omega-3 fatty acids intake measured in mg/day by the body weight of adult.

Unit

lnRR/ 1 (mg/kg bw-day) change in EPA+DHA intake from fish

Formula

For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish between 0 and 250 mg/day: N(-0.0016,0.0004)*BW
For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish higher than 250 mg/day: N(0,0.0005)*BW

Result

ERF of PUFA on CVD(-)
ObsExposure agentDiseaseResponse metricExposure routeExposure metricExposure unitThresholdERF parameterERFDescription
1PUFACHDΔlog(CHD mortality rate)IngestionIntake from fishmg/day EPA+DHA0ERS-0.002 (±3.97E-4)Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013

References


  1. ↑ Fernandez-Jarne E, Garrido FA, Gutierrez AA, Arrillaga CDF, Martinez-Gonzales MA. Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. (In Spanish) 2002;118:121–5.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mozaffarian D., Rimm E.B., Fish intake, contaminants, and human health. Evaluating the risks and the benefits. (Reprinted) JAMA, 2006. Vol 296, No. 15
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