Difference between revisions of "ERF of omega-3 fatty acids"

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Fish|Any incident subclinical brain infarct|Incidence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week|RR|0|0.89 (0.78 - 0.993)|Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
 
Fish|Any incident subclinical brain infarct|Incidence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week|RR|0|0.89 (0.78 - 0.993)|Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
 
Fish|Status of cerebral white matter|Grade score|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week|1 /grade score|0|0.038|Virtanen et al. 2008;  95% CI
 
Fish|Status of cerebral white matter|Grade score|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week|1 /grade score|0|0.038|Virtanen et al. 2008;  95% CI
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TEQ|Developmental dental defects incl. agenesis|Yes/No according to "Developmental Defects of Enamel Index" |Ingestion etc. (as it was in Seveso)|log(TCDD serum concentration+1)|ng/kg in fat|ERS|0|0.26 +- 0.12|Alaluusua et al. 2004; PL Gradowska PhD thesis 2013; ERF:n laatu on epäselvä
 
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TEQ|Cancer|Lifetime probability of developing cancer|Ingestion|Intake|kg bw d /mg|Oral CSF|0|156000|US EPA: onko ajantasainen, ei löydy EPAn sivuilta(?)
 
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MeHg|Childhood intelligence|IQ change|Placenta|Maternal MeHg concentration in hair|ug /g|ERS|0|-0.7 (-1.5 - 0)|
 
 
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|Fish||Status of cerebral white matter||Grade score||Ingestion||Intake of tuna/other fish||Each one serving per week||Increase in grade score %||0||3.8||Virtanen et al. 2008
 
|Fish||Status of cerebral white matter||Grade score||Ingestion||Intake of tuna/other fish||Each one serving per week||Increase in grade score %||0||3.8||Virtanen et al. 2008
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|TEQ||Developmental dental defects incl. agenesis||Yes/No according to "Developmental Defects of Enamel Index" ||Ingestion etc. (as it was in Seveso)||log(TCDD serum concentration+1)||ng/kg in fat||ERS||0||0.26 (±0.12)||Alaluusua et al. 2004; PL Gradowska PhD thesis 2013
 
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|TEQ||Cancer||Lifetime probability of developing cancer||Ingestion||Intake||(mg/kg bw/d)^-1||Oral CSF||0||156000||US EPA
 
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|MeHg||Childhood intelligence||IQ change||Placenta||Maternal MeHg concentration in hair||ug /g||ERS||0||-1.5;-0.7;0||
 
 
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The study by Cohen et al. 2005 <ref> Cohen, J.T., PhD, Bellinger, D.C, PhD, W.E., MD, Bennett A., and Shaywitz B.A. 2005b. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;29(4):366–374).</ref> estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points {{disclink|Other references}}. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used.
 
The study by Cohen et al. 2005 <ref> Cohen, J.T., PhD, Bellinger, D.C, PhD, W.E., MD, Bennett A., and Shaywitz B.A. 2005b. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;29(4):366–374).</ref> estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points {{disclink|Other references}}. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used.
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Study by Cohen et al finds that prenatal MeHg exposure sufficient to increase the concentration of mercury in maternal hair at parturition by 1 µg/g decreases IQ by 0.7 points. The paper identifies important sources of uncertainty influencing this estimate, concluding that the plausible range of values for this loss is 0 to 1.5 IQ points.
 
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A triangular distribution with parameters: min = 0, mode = 0.7 and max = 1.5 was created. Distribution by author judgement. See [[ERF of methyl mercury]].
 
  
 
In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week.
 
In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week.

Revision as of 11:31, 19 August 2014



Question

What is the exposure-response function (ERF) of omega-3 fatty acids on several health end points?

Answer

Rationale

Data

Difference between revisions of "ERF of omega-3 fatty acids"(-)
ObsExposure agentTraitResponse metricExposure routeExposure metricExposure unitERF parameterThresholdERFDescription
1DHAChild´s IQChange in IQ pointsPlacentaMaternal intakemg/kg bw/dayERS00.07 +- 0.01Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013; Standard deviation
2DHAChild´s IQChange in IQ pointsPlacentaMaternal intakeg/dayERS00.8-1.8Cohen et al. 2005 according to Zeilmaker 2013
3Omega3CHDΔlog(CHD mortality rate)IngestionIntake from fishmg/day EPA+DHARR00.9802 +- 0.000389Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 SD = exp(-0.02)-exp(-0.02+3.97E-4)
4Omega3CHDΔlog(CHD mortality rate)IngestionIntake from fishmg/day EPA+DHAERS0-0.002 (±3.97E-4)Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013
5FishSubclinical brain infarct (one or more)PrevalenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fish≥3 times/week vs. <1/monthRR00.74 (0.54 - 1.01)Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
6FishAny prevalent subclinical brain infarctPrevalenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per weekRR00.93 (0.88 - 0.994)Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
7FishSubclinical brain infarct (one or more)IncidenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fish≥3 times/week vs. <1/monthRR00.56 (0.30 - 1.07)Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
8FishAny incident subclinical brain infarctIncidenceIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per weekRR00.89 (0.78 - 0.993)Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
9FishStatus of cerebral white matterGrade scoreIngestionIntake of tuna/other fishEach one serving per week1 /grade score00.038Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
ERF publications
ERF data as described in original articles
Exposure agent Trait Response metric Exposure route Exposure metric Exposure unit ERF parameter Threshold ERF Description
DHA Child´s IQ Change in IQ points Placenta Maternal intake mg/kg bw/day ERS 0 0.07(±0.01) Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013
Omega3 CHD Δlog(CHD mortality rate) Ingestion Intake from fish mg/day EPA+DHA ERS 0 -0.002 (±3.97E-4) Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013
Fish Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) Prevalence Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish =3 times/week vs. <1/month RR 0 0.74(0.54-1.01) Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct Prevalence Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish Each one serving per week Decrease in RR % 0 7(0.6-12) Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) Incidence Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish =3 times/week vs. <1/month RR 0 0.56(0.30-1.07) Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish Any incident subclinical brain infarct Incidence Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish Each one serving per week Decrease in RR % 0 11(0.7-22) Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish Status of cerebral white matter Grade score Ingestion Intake of tuna/other fish Each one serving per week Increase in grade score % 0 3.8 Virtanen et al. 2008

Exposure-response of fish oil intake for MI risk in adults is indexed by variable age. It applies to age categories > 18 years.

The study by Cohen et al. 2005 [1] estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points D↷. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used.

In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week. [2]

Fernandez-Jarne et al. [3] examined the relationship between intake of fish and n-3 PUFA and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a low risk population from Navarre (Spain). They found that the n-3 PUFA intake has a protective effect on AMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the second and third tertile of n-3 PUFA intake were 0.44 (95% Cl, 0.21-0.91) and 0.47 (95% Cl, 0.22-1.00), respectively. The trend test was not statistically significant. D↷

Mozaffarian and Rimm [4] estimated that at intakes between 0 and 250 mg/d, the relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) death is lower by 14.6% (95% CI: 8% to 21%) per each 100 mg/d of EPA and DHA intake and that at higher intakes ( > 250 mg/d) the risk reduction is 0.0% (95% CI: -0.9% to 0.8%) per each 100 mg/d.

The ERF of omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA) intake from fish (in unit of mg/kg bw-day) on the CHD mortality is estimated based on information provided in [4]. First, the central estimate and the 95% CI for the change (in this case decrease) in natural logarithm of relative risk (RR) of CHD mortality per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake (in unit of mg/day) in both intake intervals were derived. In general, the relationship between the percent change in RR (%RR) associated with c-unit increase in omega-3 fatty acids intake and the incremental change in lnRR (beta) per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake is beta = (1/c)*ln((%RR/100)+1). Normal distribution was chosen to describe the uncertainty in the parameter of the log-linear model for RR in each intake interval. For intake of EPA+DHA between 0 and 250 mg/day the mean and the standard deviation of parameter distribution are -0.0016 and 0.0004, for higher intakes 0 and 0.0005. Then, the distribution of ERF of omega-3 fatty acids intake from fish in units of mg/kg bw-day was obtained by multiplying ERFs of omega-3 fatty acids intake measured in mg/day by the body weight of adult.

Unit
lnRR/ 1 (mg/kg bw-day) change in EPA+DHA intake from fish
Beneris distributions
For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish between 0 and 250 mg/day: N(-0.0016,0.0004)*BW
For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish higher than 250 mg/day: N(0,0.0005)*BW

See also

References

  1. ↑ Cohen, J.T., PhD, Bellinger, D.C, PhD, W.E., MD, Bennett A., and Shaywitz B.A. 2005b. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;29(4):366–374).
  2. ↑ Fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults Jyrki K. Virtanen, David S. Siscovick, Will T. Longstreth, Lewis H. Kuller, Dariush Mozaffarian Neurology 2008;71:439–446.
  3. ↑ Fernandez-Jarne E, Garrido FA, Gutierrez AA, Arrillaga CDF, Martinez-Gonzales MA. Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. (In Spanish) 2002;118:121–5.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mozaffarian D., Rimm E.B., Fish intake, contaminants, and human health. Evaluating the risks and the benefits. (Reprinted) JAMA, 2006. Vol 296, No. 15
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