Difference between revisions of "Concentration-response to PM2.5"

From Testiwiki
Jump to: navigation, search
m
m (→‎Scope)
Line 3: Line 3:
 
== Scope ==
 
== Scope ==
  
−
'''Concentration-response to PM2.5''' describes the quantitative dose-response relationships between outdoor air PM2.5 concentration and mortality due to cardio-pulmonary, lung cancer, and other non-accidental causes (index [[Cause of death 1]]).
+
'''Concentration-response to PM2.5''' describes the quantitative dose-response relationships between outdoor air PM2.5 concentration and mortality due to cardio-pulmonary, lung cancer, and other non-accidental causes (index [[Cause of death 2]]).
  
 
== Definition ==
 
== Definition ==

Revision as of 21:16, 24 November 2008


Scope

Concentration-response to PM2.5 describes the quantitative dose-response relationships between outdoor air PM2.5 concentration and mortality due to cardio-pulmonary, lung cancer, and other non-accidental causes (index Cause of death 2).

Definition

Causality

List of parents:

  • None

Data

List of data files or sources:

  • Dockery et al. 1993[1]
  • Pope et al. 2002[2]
  • Expert elicitation on European experts
    • Jouni T. Tuomisto, Andrew Wilson, John S. Evans and Marko Tainio. Uncertainty in mortality response to airborne fine particulate matter: Combining European air pollution experts. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 93: 5, 732-744 (May 2008). doi:doi:10.1016/j.ress.2007.03.002 (intranet)
    • Cooke RM, Wilson AM, Tuomisto JT, Morales O, Tainio M, Evans JS. A probabilistic characterization of the relationship between fine particulate matter and mortality: elicitation of European experts. Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Sep 15;41(18):6598-605.
  • Expert elicitation on American experts Henry A. Roman, Katherine D. Walker, Lisa Conner, Harvey M. Richmond, Bryan J. Hubbell, Patrick L. Kinney. Expert Judgment Assessment of the Mortality Impact of Changes in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter in the U.S. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 2268–2274.

Formula

The model randomly samples between the effect estimates provided by the two studies. See the model for more detailed description.

Unit

m3/μg D↷

Result

These coefficients are defined as distributions around estimates of central tendency for each cause of death.

Relative increase of mortality per 1 μgm-3 increase of outdoor PM2.5 concentration. Values were drawn with equal probability from the two distributions reported in [3], [4]

Crude mortality rate statistics from gas bus model (the dose response sub model). See the model here.


Cause of death Min Median Mean Max Std.Dev.
Cardiopulmonary -0.0036 0.0115 0.0128 0.0375 -0.0060
Lung cancer -0.0350 0.0140 0.0150 0.0728 0.0109
Other causes -0.0232 0.0008 0.0008 0.0252 0.0050
All causes -0.0019 0.0080 0.0091 0.0289 0.0047


Uncertainties:

  • Mortality estimate from Hoek et al. (2002)[5] was not included due to many confounding factors related to mortality, e.g. road noise.
  • Probability for PM2.5 assumed to be the true cause of the effects in 70 %, 90 %, and 10 % for cardiopulmonary, lung cancer and all other mortality, respectively (author judgement).
  • Toxicity differences between ambient air particles and the particles generated by different bus types were not taken into account due to lack of comprehensive data. [6] [7]
  • No threshold was assumed in the dose-response relationship. [8] [9]

References

  1. ↑ Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., III, Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, B. G., Jr., & Speizer F. E. (1993). An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. The New England Journal of Medicine, 329(24), 1753-1759
  2. ↑ Pope, C. A. III, Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., & Thurston, G. D. (2002). Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmory Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(9), 1132-1141
  3. ↑ Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., III, Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, B. G., Jr., & Speizer F. E. (1993). An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. The New England Journal of Medicine, 329(24), 1753-1759
  4. ↑ Pope, C. A. III, Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., & Thurston, G. D. (2002). Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmory Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(9), 1132-1141
  5. ↑ Hoek, G, Brunekreef, B, Goldbohm, S, Fischer, P, & van den Brandt, P. A. (2002). Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: a cohort study. Lancet, 360 (9341), 1203-1209.
  6. ↑ Laden, F., Neas, L. M., Dockery, D. W., & Schwartz, J. (2000). Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108, 941-947.
  7. ↑ Mar, T. F., Norris, G. A., Koenig, J. Q., & Larson, T. V. (2000). Associations between air pollution and mortality in Phoenix, 1995-1997. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(4), 347-353.
  8. ↑ WHO Regional Office for Europe (2003). Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide, Report on a WHO Working Group. Report on a WHO working group, Bonn, Germany, January 13-15 2003. Copenhagen. 98 pages. Available at http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/who/progs/aiq/newsevents/20030115_2
  9. ↑ Schwartz, J., Laden, F., & Zanobetti, A. (2002). The concentration-response relation between PM2.5 and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(10), 1025-1029.
Retrieved from "http://www.opasnet.org/testiwiki/index.php?title=Concentration-response_to_PM2.5&oldid=7163"