Difference between revisions of "ERF of omega-3 fatty acids"
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− | [[Category: Fish]] | + | [[Category:Health effects]] |
+ | [[Category:Fish]] | ||
[[Category:Exposure-response functions]] | [[Category:Exposure-response functions]] | ||
{{Variable|moderator=Olli}} | {{Variable|moderator=Olli}} | ||
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== Question == | == Question == | ||
− | What is the exposure-response function '''([[ERF]]) of omega-3 fatty acids'''? | + | What is the exposure-response function '''([[ERF]]) of omega-3 fatty acids''' on several health end points? |
== Answer == | == Answer == | ||
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== Rationale == | == Rationale == | ||
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=== Data === | === Data === | ||
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<t2b index="Exposure agent,Trait,Response metric,Exposure route,Exposure metric,Exposure unit,ERF parameter,Observation" locations="Threshold,ERF" desc="Description" unit="-"> | <t2b index="Exposure agent,Trait,Response metric,Exposure route,Exposure metric,Exposure unit,ERF parameter,Observation" locations="Threshold,ERF" desc="Description" unit="-"> | ||
DHA|Child´s IQ|Change in IQ points|Placenta|Maternal intake|mg/kg bw/day|ERS|0|0.07 +- 0.01|Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013; Standard deviation | DHA|Child´s IQ|Change in IQ points|Placenta|Maternal intake|mg/kg bw/day|ERS|0|0.07 +- 0.01|Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013; Standard deviation | ||
+ | DHA|Child´s IQ|Change in IQ points|Placenta|Maternal intake|g/day|ERS|0|0.8-1.8|Cohen et al. 2005 according to Zeilmaker 2013 | ||
Omega3|CHD|Δlog(CHD mortality rate)|Ingestion|Intake from fish|mg/day EPA+DHA|RR|0|0.9802 +- 0.000389|Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 SD = exp(-0.02)-exp(-0.02+3.97E-4) | Omega3|CHD|Δlog(CHD mortality rate)|Ingestion|Intake from fish|mg/day EPA+DHA|RR|0|0.9802 +- 0.000389|Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 SD = exp(-0.02)-exp(-0.02+3.97E-4) | ||
+ | Omega3|CHD|Δlog(CHD mortality rate)|Ingestion|Intake from fish|mg/day EPA+DHA|ERS|0|-0.002 (±3.97E-4)|Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 | ||
Fish|Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)|Prevalence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|≥3 times/week vs. <1/month|RR|0|0.74 (0.54 - 1.01)|Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI | Fish|Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)|Prevalence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|≥3 times/week vs. <1/month|RR|0|0.74 (0.54 - 1.01)|Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI | ||
Fish|Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct|Prevalence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week|RR|0|0.93 (0.88 - 0.994)|Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI | Fish|Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct|Prevalence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|Each one serving per week|RR|0|0.93 (0.88 - 0.994)|Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI | ||
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</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
− | + | ; ERF publications | |
{| {{prettytable}} | {| {{prettytable}} | ||
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+ | Exposure-response of fish oil intake for MI risk in adults is indexed by variable age. It applies to age categories > 18 years. | ||
The study by Cohen et al. 2005 <ref> Cohen, J.T., PhD, Bellinger, D.C, PhD, W.E., MD, Bennett A., and Shaywitz B.A. 2005b. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;29(4):366–374).</ref> estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points {{disclink|Other references}}. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used. | The study by Cohen et al. 2005 <ref> Cohen, J.T., PhD, Bellinger, D.C, PhD, W.E., MD, Bennett A., and Shaywitz B.A. 2005b. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;29(4):366–374).</ref> estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points {{disclink|Other references}}. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used. | ||
− | Study by Cohen et al | + | Study by Cohen et al finds that prenatal MeHg exposure sufficient to increase the concentration of mercury in maternal hair at parturition by 1 µg/g decreases IQ by 0.7 points. The paper identifies important sources of uncertainty influencing this estimate, concluding that the plausible range of values for this loss is 0 to 1.5 IQ points. |
A triangular distribution with parameters: min = 0, mode = 0.7 and max = 1.5 was created. Distribution by author judgement. See [[ERF of methyl mercury]]. | A triangular distribution with parameters: min = 0, mode = 0.7 and max = 1.5 was created. Distribution by author judgement. See [[ERF of methyl mercury]]. | ||
− | + | In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week. | |
− | + | <ref>Fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults | |
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− | In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week.<ref>Fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults | ||
Jyrki K. Virtanen, David S. Siscovick, Will T. Longstreth, Lewis H. Kuller, Dariush Mozaffarian | Jyrki K. Virtanen, David S. Siscovick, Will T. Longstreth, Lewis H. Kuller, Dariush Mozaffarian | ||
Neurology 2008;71:439–446.</ref> | Neurology 2008;71:439–446.</ref> | ||
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Fernandez-Jarne et al. <ref>Fernandez-Jarne E, Garrido FA, Gutierrez AA, Arrillaga CDF, Martinez-Gonzales MA. Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. (In Spanish) 2002;118:121–5.</ref> examined the relationship between intake of fish and n-3 PUFA and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a low risk population from Navarre (Spain). They found that the n-3 PUFA intake has a protective effect on AMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the second and third tertile of n-3 PUFA intake were 0.44 (95% Cl, 0.21-0.91) and 0.47 (95% Cl, 0.22-1.00), respectively. The trend test was not statistically significant. {{Disclink| Time unit for ERF of n-3 PUFA}} | Fernandez-Jarne et al. <ref>Fernandez-Jarne E, Garrido FA, Gutierrez AA, Arrillaga CDF, Martinez-Gonzales MA. Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. (In Spanish) 2002;118:121–5.</ref> examined the relationship between intake of fish and n-3 PUFA and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a low risk population from Navarre (Spain). They found that the n-3 PUFA intake has a protective effect on AMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the second and third tertile of n-3 PUFA intake were 0.44 (95% Cl, 0.21-0.91) and 0.47 (95% Cl, 0.22-1.00), respectively. The trend test was not statistically significant. {{Disclink| Time unit for ERF of n-3 PUFA}} | ||
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deviation of parameter distribution are -0.0016 and 0.0004, for higher intakes 0 and 0.0005. Then, the distribution of ERF of omega-3 fatty acids intake from fish in units of mg/kg bw-day was obtained by multiplying ERFs of omega-3 fatty acids intake measured in mg/day by the body weight of adult. | deviation of parameter distribution are -0.0016 and 0.0004, for higher intakes 0 and 0.0005. Then, the distribution of ERF of omega-3 fatty acids intake from fish in units of mg/kg bw-day was obtained by multiplying ERFs of omega-3 fatty acids intake measured in mg/day by the body weight of adult. | ||
− | + | ;Unit: lnRR/ 1 (mg/kg bw-day) change in EPA+DHA intake from fish | |
+ | ;Beneris distributions:For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish between 0 and 250 mg/day: N(-0.0016,0.0004)*BW | ||
+ | :For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish higher than 250 mg/day: N(0,0.0005)*BW | ||
− | + | == See also == | |
− | + | * [[ERF of methyl mercury]] | |
− | + | * [http://www.kampus.uku.fi/tiedotteet/tiedote.shtml?v=2008&tied=12179163101552 A press release from the University of Kuopio (in Finnish)] | |
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== References == | == References == | ||
− | + | <references /> |
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Question
What is the exposure-response function (ERF) of omega-3 fatty acids on several health end points?
Answer
Rationale
Data
Obs | Exposure agent | Trait | Response metric | Exposure route | Exposure metric | Exposure unit | ERF parameter | Threshold | ERF | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | DHA | Child´s IQ | Change in IQ points | Placenta | Maternal intake | mg/kg bw/day | ERS | 0 | 0.07 +- 0.01 | Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013; Standard deviation |
2 | DHA | Child´s IQ | Change in IQ points | Placenta | Maternal intake | g/day | ERS | 0 | 0.8-1.8 | Cohen et al. 2005 according to Zeilmaker 2013 |
3 | Omega3 | CHD | Δlog(CHD mortality rate) | Ingestion | Intake from fish | mg/day EPA+DHA | RR | 0 | 0.9802 +- 0.000389 | Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 SD = exp(-0.02)-exp(-0.02+3.97E-4) |
4 | Omega3 | CHD | Δlog(CHD mortality rate) | Ingestion | Intake from fish | mg/day EPA+DHA | ERS | 0 | -0.002 (±3.97E-4) | Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 |
5 | Fish | Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) | Prevalence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | ≥3 times/week vs. <1/month | RR | 0 | 0.74 (0.54 - 1.01) | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
6 | Fish | Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct | Prevalence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | RR | 0 | 0.93 (0.88 - 0.994) | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
7 | Fish | Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) | Incidence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | ≥3 times/week vs. <1/month | RR | 0 | 0.56 (0.30 - 1.07) | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
8 | Fish | Any incident subclinical brain infarct | Incidence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | RR | 0 | 0.89 (0.78 - 0.993) | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
9 | Fish | Status of cerebral white matter | Grade score | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | 1 /grade score | 0 | 0.038 | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
10 | TEQ | Developmental dental defects incl. agenesis | Yes/No according to "Developmental Defects of Enamel Index" | Ingestion etc. (as it was in Seveso) | log(TCDD serum concentration+1) | ng/kg in fat | ERS | 0 | 0.26 +- 0.12 | Alaluusua et al. 2004; PL Gradowska PhD thesis 2013; ERF:n laatu on epäselvä |
11 | TEQ | Cancer | Lifetime probability of developing cancer | Ingestion | Intake | kg bw d /mg | Oral CSF | 0 | 156000 | US EPA: onko ajantasainen, ei löydy EPAn sivuilta(?) |
12 | MeHg | Childhood intelligence | IQ change | Placenta | Maternal MeHg concentration in hair | ug /g | ERS | 0 | -0.7 (-1.5 - 0) |
- ERF publications
Exposure agent | Trait | Response metric | Exposure route | Exposure metric | Exposure unit | ERF parameter | Threshold | ERF | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DHA | Child´s IQ | Change in IQ points | Placenta | Maternal intake | mg/kg bw/day | ERS | 0 | 0.07(±0.01) | Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013 |
Omega3 | CHD | Δlog(CHD mortality rate) | Ingestion | Intake from fish | mg/day EPA+DHA | ERS | 0 | -0.002 (±3.97E-4) | Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 |
Fish | Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) | Prevalence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | =3 times/week vs. <1/month | RR | 0 | 0.74(0.54-1.01) | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
Fish | Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct | Prevalence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | Decrease in RR % | 0 | 7(0.6-12) | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
Fish | Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) | Incidence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | =3 times/week vs. <1/month | RR | 0 | 0.56(0.30-1.07) | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
Fish | Any incident subclinical brain infarct | Incidence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | Decrease in RR % | 0 | 11(0.7-22) | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
Fish | Status of cerebral white matter | Grade score | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | Increase in grade score % | 0 | 3.8 | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
TEQ | Developmental dental defects incl. agenesis | Yes/No according to "Developmental Defects of Enamel Index" | Ingestion etc. (as it was in Seveso) | log(TCDD serum concentration+1) | ng/kg in fat | ERS | 0 | 0.26 (±0.12) | Alaluusua et al. 2004; PL Gradowska PhD thesis 2013 |
TEQ | Cancer | Lifetime probability of developing cancer | Ingestion | Intake | (mg/kg bw/d)^-1 | Oral CSF | 0 | 156000 | US EPA |
MeHg | Childhood intelligence | IQ change | Placenta | Maternal MeHg concentration in hair | ug /g | ERS | 0 | -1.5;-0.7;0 |
Exposure-response of fish oil intake for MI risk in adults is indexed by variable age. It applies to age categories > 18 years.
The study by Cohen et al. 2005 [1] estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points D↷. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used.
Study by Cohen et al finds that prenatal MeHg exposure sufficient to increase the concentration of mercury in maternal hair at parturition by 1 µg/g decreases IQ by 0.7 points. The paper identifies important sources of uncertainty influencing this estimate, concluding that the plausible range of values for this loss is 0 to 1.5 IQ points. A triangular distribution with parameters: min = 0, mode = 0.7 and max = 1.5 was created. Distribution by author judgement. See ERF of methyl mercury.
In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week. [2]
Fernandez-Jarne et al. [3] examined the relationship between intake of fish and n-3 PUFA and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a low risk population from Navarre (Spain). They found that the n-3 PUFA intake has a protective effect on AMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the second and third tertile of n-3 PUFA intake were 0.44 (95% Cl, 0.21-0.91) and 0.47 (95% Cl, 0.22-1.00), respectively. The trend test was not statistically significant. D↷
Mozaffarian and Rimm [4] estimated that at intakes between 0 and 250 mg/d, the relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) death is lower by 14.6% (95% CI: 8% to 21%) per each 100 mg/d of EPA and DHA intake and that at higher intakes ( > 250 mg/d) the risk reduction is 0.0% (95% CI: -0.9% to 0.8%) per each 100 mg/d.
The ERF of omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA) intake from fish (in unit of mg/kg bw-day) on the CHD mortality is estimated based on information provided in [4]. First, the central estimate and the 95% CI for the change (in this case decrease) in natural logarithm of relative risk (RR) of CHD mortality per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake (in unit of mg/day) in both intake intervals were derived. In general, the relationship between the percent change in RR (%RR) associated with c-unit increase in omega-3 fatty acids intake and the incremental change in lnRR (beta) per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake is beta = (1/c)*ln((%RR/100)+1). Normal distribution was chosen to describe the uncertainty in the parameter of the log-linear model for RR in each intake interval. For intake of EPA+DHA between 0 and 250 mg/day the mean and the standard deviation of parameter distribution are -0.0016 and 0.0004, for higher intakes 0 and 0.0005. Then, the distribution of ERF of omega-3 fatty acids intake from fish in units of mg/kg bw-day was obtained by multiplying ERFs of omega-3 fatty acids intake measured in mg/day by the body weight of adult.
- Unit
- lnRR/ 1 (mg/kg bw-day) change in EPA+DHA intake from fish
- Beneris distributions
- For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish between 0 and 250 mg/day: N(-0.0016,0.0004)*BW
- For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish higher than 250 mg/day: N(0,0.0005)*BW
See also
References
- ↑ Cohen, J.T., PhD, Bellinger, D.C, PhD, W.E., MD, Bennett A., and Shaywitz B.A. 2005b. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;29(4):366–374).
- ↑ Fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults Jyrki K. Virtanen, David S. Siscovick, Will T. Longstreth, Lewis H. Kuller, Dariush Mozaffarian Neurology 2008;71:439–446.
- ↑ Fernandez-Jarne E, Garrido FA, Gutierrez AA, Arrillaga CDF, Martinez-Gonzales MA. Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. (In Spanish) 2002;118:121–5.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mozaffarian D., Rimm E.B., Fish intake, contaminants, and human health. Evaluating the risks and the benefits. (Reprinted) JAMA, 2006. Vol 296, No. 15