IRIS

This page provides a description and a link to a "IRIS" database that provides information needed when modeling exposure levels or performing exposure assessment.

Short description

IRIS is a database of human health effects that may result from exposure to various substances found in the environment. The heart of the IRIS system is its collection of computer files covering individual chemicals. These chemical files contain descriptive and quantitative information in the following categories: a) Oral reference doses and inhalation reference concentrations (RfDs and RfCs, respectively) for chronic noncarcinogenic health effects, b) Hazard identification, oral slope factors, and oral and inhalation unit risks for carcinogenic effects. Database includes over 500 chemicals.

Long description

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/irisfs.html

Link

http://www.epa.gov/iris/

Key words

human health effects, exposure, toxicology, carcinogenity, hazards

Data scrapping

IRIS database is accessible from this link: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/compare.cfm. The critical data can be obtained at once if all substances and all types of data are selected. A result is an html file with several tables from which the data can be scrapped and transformed into a better format. The January 4th, 2012, version was downloaded from IRIS and saved on this page (see the file below). Who could do this?

Reference system in IRIS database. The number (e.g. 0442) refers to the IRIS chemical identifier.

QuickView
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0442#reforal  Oral RfDs
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0442#refinhal Inhalation RfCs
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0442#woe      Weight-of-Evidence Characterizations
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0442#quaoral  Oral Slope Factors/Drinking Water Unit Risks
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0442#quainhal Inhalation Unit Risks

IRIS Summary 
http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0442.htm#reforal
http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0442.htm#refinhal
http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0442.htm#woe
http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0442.htm#quaoral
http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0442.htm#quainhal

Toxicological Review (PDF)
http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0128tr.pdf (this does not exist for many compounds)

An example: Oral RfDs

Oral RfDs were scrapped as an example (chemical starting with A) on Jan 4, 2012.

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IRIS(mg /kg-day)

Obs	Substance	CASRN	Critical Effact(s)	Unit	Oral RfD	Type of RfD	Point of Departure(s)*	Overall Confidence	IRIS identifier
1	Acenaphthene	83-32-9	Hepatotoxicity	mg /kg-day	6 x10-2	NOAEL	175	Low	0442
2	Acenaphthylene	208-96-8	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0443
3	Acephate	30560-19-1	Inhibition of brain ChE	mg /kg-day	4 x10-3	LEL	0.12	High	0354
4	Acetaldehyde	75-07-0	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0290
5	Acetochlor	34256-82-1	Salivation, increased ALT and ornithine carbamyl transferase; significant increases in triglyceride and decreased blood glucose levels; histopathological changes in kidneys and testes of males	mg /kg-day	2 x10-2	NOAEL	2 mg/kg-day	High	0521
6	Acetone	67-64-1	Nephropathy	mg /kg-day	0.9	NOAEL	900	Medium	0128
7	Acetonitrile	75-05-8	Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to IRIS Summary.						0205
8	Acetophenone	98-86-2	General toxicity	mg /kg-day	1 x10-1	NOAEL	423	Low	0321
9	Acetyl chloride	75-36-5	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0518
10	Acifluorfen, sodium	62476-59-9	Mortality and kidney lesions	mg /kg-day	1.3 x10-2	NOEL	1.25	Medium	0192
11	Acrolein	107-02-8	Decreased survival	mg /kg-day	5 x10-4	NOAEL	0.05	Medium/High	0364
12	Acrylamide	79-06-1	Degenerative nerve changes	mg /kg-day	0.002	HED (BMDL)	0.053	Medium/High	0286
13	Acrylic acid	79-10-7	Reduced pup weight	mg /kg-day	5 x10-1	NOAEL	53	High	0002
14	Acrylonitrile	107-13-1	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0206
15	Adiponitrile	111-69-3	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0515
16	Alachlor	15972-60-8	Hemosiderosis, hemolytic anemia	mg /kg-day	1 x10-2	NOAEL	1	High	0129
17	Alar	1596-84-5	No adverse effects	mg /kg-day	1.5 x10-1	NOEL	15	Low	0287
18	Aldicarb	116-06-3	Sweating as clinical sign of AChe inhibition (other effect: Clinical signs and symptoms of acetylcholinesterase inhibition including sweating, pinpoint pupils, leg weakness, and other effects Nausea, diarrhea, and other signs and symptoms)	mg /kg-day	1 x10-3	NOAEL	0.01	Medium	0003
19	Aldicarb sulfone	1646-88-4	Brain ChE inhibition in females	mg /kg-day	1 x10-3	NOAEL	0.11	Medium	0312
20	Aldrin	309-00-2	Liver toxicity	mg /kg-day	3 x10-5	LOAEL	0.025	Medium	0130
21	Ally	74223-64-6	Decreased body weight	mg /kg-day	2.5 x10-1	NOEL	25	High	0288
22	Allyl alcohol	107-18-6	Impaired renal function and increased liver and kidney weights	mg /kg-day	5 x10-3	NOEL	4.8	Low	0004
23	Allyl chloride	107-05-1	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0387
24	Aluminum phosphide	20859-73-8	Body weight and clinical parameters	mg /kg-day	4 x10-4	NOAEL	0.043	Medium	0005
25	Amdro	67485-29-4	Increased organ weights	mg /kg-day	3 x10-4	NOEL	0.33	High	0207
26	Ametryn	834-12-8	Liver toxicity	mg /kg-day	9 x10-3	NOEL	8.6	Low	0208
27	4-Aminopyridine	504-24-5	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0440
28	Amitraz	33089-61-1	Increased mean blood sugar concentration; slight hypothermia	mg /kg-day	2.5 x10-3	NOEL	0.25	Medium	0334
29	Ammonia	7664-41-7	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0422
30	Ammonium acetate	631-61-8	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0517
31	Ammonium methacrylate	16325-47-6	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0516
32	Ammonium sulfamate	7773-06-0	Decrease in body weight	mg /kg-day	2 x10-1	NOEL	214.3	Low	0007
33	Aniline	62-53-3	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0350
34	ortho-Anisidine	90-04-0	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0610
35	Anthracene	120-12-7	No observed effects	mg /kg-day	3 x10-1	NOEL	1000	Low	0434
36	Antimony	7440-36-0	Longevity, blood glucose, and cholesterol	mg /kg-day	4 x10-4	LOAEL	0.35	Low	0006
37	Antimony trioxide	1309-64-4	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0676
38	Apollo	74115-24-5	Liver effects; organ weight changes	mg /kg-day	1.3 x10-2	NOEL	1.25	High	0008
39	Aramite	140-57-8	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0473
40	Aroclor 1016	12674-11-2	Reduced birth weights	mg /kg-day	7 x10-5	NOAEL	0.007	Medium	0462
41	Aroclor 1248	12672-29-6	Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to IRIS Summary.						0649
42	Aroclor 1254	11097-69-1	Ocular exudate, inflamed and prominent Meibomian glands, distorted growth of finger and toe nails; decreased antibody (IgG and IgM) response to sheep erythrocytes	mg /kg-day	2 x10-5	LOAEL	0.005	Medium	0389
43	Arsenic, inorganic	7440-38-2	Hyperpigmentation, keratosis and possible vascular complications	mg /kg-day	3 x10-4	NOAEL	0.0008	Medium	0278
44	Arsine	7784-42-1	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0672
45	Asbestos	1332-21-4	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0371
46	Assure	76578-14-8	Liver cell enlargement	mg /kg-day	9 x10-3	NOEL	0.9	High	0335
47	Asulam	3337-71-1	Lower ovarian weight, lower liver/body weight	mg /kg-day	5 x10-2	LEL	50	Medium	0284
48	Atrazine	1912-24-9	Decreased body weight gain (other effect: Cardiac toxicity and moderate-to-severe dilation of the right atrium)	mg /kg-day	3.5 x10-2	NOAEL	3.5	High	0209
49	Avermectin B1	65195-55-3	Increased retinal folds in weanlings, decreased viability and lactation indices, decreased pup body weight, increase of dead pups at birth	mg /kg-day	4 x10-4	NOEL	0.12	High	0381
50	Azobenzene	103-33-3	Not Assessed under the IRIS program						0351
51	Barium and Compounds	7440-39-3	Nephropathy	mg /kg-day	0.2	BMDL05	63	Medium
52	Barium cyanide	542-62-1	Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to IRIS Summary.
53	Baygon	114-26-1	Mild cholinergic symptoms and RBD ChE inhibition	mg /kg-day	4 x10-3	LEL	0.36	Medium
54	Bayleton	43121-43-3	Decreased body weight gain, erythrocyte count and hemoglobin level	3 x10-2	NOEL	2.5	High
55	Baythroid	68359-37-5	Decreased body weights in males, inflammatory foci in kidneys of females	mg /kg-day	2.5 x10-2	NOEL	2.5	High
56	Benefin	1861-40-1	Depressed erythrocyte counts	mg /kg-day	3 x10-1	NOAEL	25	Medium
57	Benomyl	17804-35-2	Decreased pup weanling weights	mg /kg-day	5 x10-2	NOEL	5 mg/kg-day	High
58	Bentazon (Basagran)	25057-89-0	Blood loss into the gastrointestinal tract; coagulation defect in male and female dogs (other effect: Dose-related increase in red areas (presumed blood) in feces; coagulation defect)	mg /kg-day	3.0 x10-2	NOAEL (ADJ)	3.2	Medium
59	Benz[a]anthracene	56-55-3	Not Assessed under the IRIS program
60	Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	Forestomach lesions, kidney toxicity	mg /kg-day	1 x10-1	NOEL	143	Low
61	Benzene	71-43-2	Decreased lymphocyte count	mg /kg-day	4.0 x10-3	BMDL	1.2	Medium
62	Benzidine	92-87-5	Brain cell vacuolization; liver cell alterations in females	mg /kg-day	3 x10-3	LOAEL	2.7	Medium

Related files

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