Emission assessment of small-scale energy production in the Helsinki metropolitan area
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Contents
Scope
Purpose
This assessments purpose is to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions and cost which are caused in under 50 MW plants for heating in Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
Boundaries
- Spatial: Helsinki Metropolitan Area (Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen).
- Emissions: CO2, PM2.5.
- Heating methods:
- District heating, All < 50 MW district heating plants.
- Single-Family house heating methods.
- Fuels: All (H/L oil, Pellet, Chip, Gas, Coal).
- Other impacts: Costs
- directly from the activity itself of the greenhouse trade
- new district heating extension costs
Scenarios
Base-case:
- Current district heating status in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
- emissions
- fuels used in plants
- city's need for heat
- costs
Future scenarios:
- Changes in district heating network:
- expansion?
- costs, especially what does emission trading affect on costs
- new plants
Intented users
- Local district heating distributors in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
- Participants of the | World Wide Views on Global Warming stakeholder meetings
- Participants of the COP-15 meeting in Copenhagen
- City-level policy-makers in all sectors in Helsinki Metropolitan Area as well as everywhere else
- International policy-makers related to climate change
- General public
- Scientists working on climate change and related fields of study
Participants
- The Assessment and Modeling unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare of Finland, THL.
- Jouni Tuomisto (leading researcher)
- Pasi Sorsa (assisting researcher)
- Funded by Bioher-project
Definition
Deficion variables
- Decisions:
- International: Options of the international greenhouse gas trade mechanisms
- City-level decisions:
- Extension of the district heating/cooling system to less-populated areas (Yes/No). This may take place in building small-scale (2-10 MW oil/wood chip power plants)
- Subsidies for improving energy efficiency in buildings (Yes/No)
- Area planning and land use (Dense vs. loose city structure for new buildings)
- Citizen-level decisions:
- Choice of the heating system in the own single-family house (Electricity/Oil/Wood chip)(see Bioher)
Decision variables related to the international treaty:
What are the instruments used?
- CO2 trade
- Energy tax
- Other taxes
- Emission limits
- Bans of activity
Major questions
- Which countries participate in the GHG trade?
- Which sectors are covered?
- Which pollutants are covered?
- CO2
- N2O
- CH4
- CFC
- Land albedo
- PM2.5
- To whom are the quotas given/sold?
- What is the initial price of the quota?
- What is the level of ambition (i.e. the amount of quota that is distributed)?
- What sanctions are forced on those outside the treaty?
Indicator variables
- Cost and profit
- Emissions
Other variables
- Outdoor temperature
- Housing stock
- Consumption of heat
- Heat production
Indicies
- Time: Years 2009, 2020?
Analyses
- Analyses for under 50 MW district heating plants and single-family heating methods in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
- fine particles PM2.5 and CO2 emissions
- costs
Result
Results
Pending...
Conclutions
Pending...