Building policies in Europe
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Contents
Scope
What are potential building policies in Europe (EU-30) during the period 2010-2050 such that
- they maintain or improve the building infrastructure,
- they help to achieve the climate change mitigation targets,
- they are economically feasible?
Definition
Data
Dependencies
European climate scenarios. Population and migration.
Unit
-
Formula
<rcode>
a <- c('EPBD 2002', 'EPBD 2008', 'More renewables', 'Behavioural changes', 'More efficient urban structures')
b <- c('European BAU', 'European policy option')
b <- paste( c(rep(b[1],5),rep(b[2],5)),'|', a)
c <- c(rep(0,25), rep(1,25))
dim(c) <- c(10,5)
c <- rep( c(0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1),5)
dim(c) <- c(10,5)
for (i in 2:5) {c[i,i] <- 1}
for (i in 2:5) {c[i+5,i] <- 0}
rownames(c) <- b
colnames(c) <- a
n <- 5000
d <- round(runif(n, 0.5, 10.5))
c <- c[d,2:5]
d <- 1:(5*n)
dim(d) <- c(n,5)
d[,1] <- 1:n
d[,2:5] <- c
colnames(d) <- c('obs', a[2:5])
e <- data.frame(obs= rep(d[,1],4), policy= 0, Freq=0)
for(i in 1:(4*n)){e[i,2] <- colnames(c)[round(i/n+0.49999)]}
for(i in 1:(4*n)){e[i,3] <- c[i-round(i/n-0.50001)*n, round(i/n+0.49999)]}
<rcode>
Result
| European climate scenario | ||
|---|---|---|
| Policy | European BAU | European policy options |
| EPBD 2002 | None of the policies below | All of the policies below |
| EPBD 2008 (proposal for recast) | None but this | All but this |
| More renewables in heating / cooling | None but this | All but this |
| Behavioral changes | None but this | All but this |
| More efficient urban structures | None but this | All but this |
For an explanation about the logic of the policy combinations, see Road transport policies in Europe#Result.
| Policy | Reference (BAU) | Policy option |
|---|---|---|
| EPBD 2008 (proposal for recast) | No additional actions. Buildings represent approximately 40% of energy consumption and the potential energy saving is more than 20%. | Increased insulation of buildings and other recast actions. More energy efficient buildings provide better living conditions and save money to all citizens. The estimated impact of the recast is energy savings of 60-80 Mtoe in 2020 or the total EU energy consumption will be reduced by 5-6%. |
| Increased use of renewable energy sources | No additional actions. | Increased percentages (?) of heating / cooling is done by 1) wood burning and 2) heat pumps 3) solar / wind. |
| Behavioral changes | No additional actions. | On-demand heating, cooling and ventilation (based on occupancy / activities). Additional possible policies: heating, cooling and ventilation demands reduced, wider (unconditioned) indoor temperature ranges tolerated (thermal comfort based optimum is 18-24 C); maintenance of the natural defence systems promoted (inc. rehydration, fitness, acclimatization and reduction of excess weight). |
| Sustainable urban planning / more efficient urban structures | No additional actions. | Increasing land-use densities; larger percentage (?) of population living in cities (currently some 80% in Europe).
Additional policies that may run parallel: Promoting higher density mixed-use development; Preventing urban sprawl; Increase in amount of waste recycled; Reduction in amount of contaminated land in the city; Reduced pesticide use in the city; Improved natural water quality; Increase in green purchasing; Improvements to existing green space (parks, woods); Increase in number of nature conservation areas in the city; Reduction in energy used by the city; Improved public safety; Sustainable transport; Less air pollution and noise; Increase in proportion of citizens satisfied with the environment in the city. |
See also
References
