Building stock in Helsinki
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Contents
Question
What is the building stock in Helsinki and what are some of the key parameters of energy use?
Answer
Rationale
Data
- Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland
- http://era17.fi/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/sitran_selvityksia_39.pdf page 25
- http://www.teeparannus.fi/attachements/2010-12-21T11-54-1114846.pdf pages 8-9, also 40-45
- http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/tiedotteet/2007/T2377.pdf page 20-21, also 30, 80
- Heating consumption of buildings
Building stock
The structures of the tables are based on CyPT Excel file N:\YMAL\Projects\ilmastotiekartta\Helsinki Data Input Template - Building Data.xlsx.
Table 1. Effective floor area of buildings by building type.
Obs | Building | Baseline | 2020 | 2025 | 2050 | Year of baseline | Type of data | Quality | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Residential | 27884795 | 32472388 | 34890241 | 44069914 | 2014 | Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014 | ||
2 | Public | 4537025 | 4764475 | 4945952 | 5855546 | 2014 | Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014 | ||
3 | Industrial | 3277271 | 3306063 | 3360467 | 3640854 | 2014 | Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014 | ||
4 | Other | 10861972 | 11406505 | 11840973 | 13806423 | 2014 | Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014 |
Questions:
- It was a good idea to use the 30 % emissions reduction report for the scenarios!
- What is the file "Building block of Helsinki area" that you are referring to? Can you upload the file and the possible calculations included?
BUILDING STOCK CALCULATION 2015
- How do you get the numbers for the baseline floor area for residential, public, industrial and other? Residential
floor area was named as residential together, public by summing the floor area of health care, education and common buildings, industrial buildings were as such and other buildings comprise of business, traffic, office and storage buildings.
- Notes
-
Tables one and two The presentation of Tables 1 and 2
- ⇤# : Add link to the "Building stock of Helsinki area" file here. --Jouni (talk) 18:51, 17 May 2015 (UTC)
Siemens City Performance toolin seuraava kokous 2.2
- Ref. Helsinki master plan for 2050: there are 860 000 citizens living in Helsinki (ref. www.yleiskaava.fi, visio2050); Residental buildings => fast growth
- Prediction of citizen number in Helsinki in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 was used for calculations (ref. Helsingin 30% päästövähennysselvitys).
- Helsinki’s climate policy: 30% reduction in emissions: In 2010 the proportion of jobs in services and public sectors was 94%, and in industry 6%. In 2020 the proportion of jobs in services and public sectors is estimated to be 96%, and in industry 4%. Public and other buildings => between fast growth option and basic option, Industry=> Basic option
- Prediction of job number in Helsinki in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 was used for calculations (ref. Helsingin 30% päästövähennysselvitys).
Technical notes:
- Sheet 4_Input Buildings (Area Demand). Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT. Absolute increase/decrease rate will be based on the inhabitants projected in time.
- This is another list building types that was considered but rejected as too complex: Residential buildings, Government & public administration buildings, Commercial offices buildings, Data centers buildings, Education and K12 and universitiy buildings, Hospitals and healthcare buildings, Hotels and hospitality and leisure buildings, Exhibitions and fairs and halls buildings, Retail and stores and shops buildings, Warehouses & shopping mall buildings, Industrial buildings, Non residential buildings unspecified
Types of data used in CyPT:
- Average, City
- Example, city
- Average, city close by
- Example, city close by
- Average, national
- Example, country
Qualities of data used in CyPT
- Statistics
- Extrapolated
- Calculated from statistics
- Calculated from stat. inc. assumptions
Table 2. Existing situation of important energy parametres in the building stock.
Obs | Property | Residential | Public | Industrial | Other | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Wall insulation | 17 | Default building data. excel/cyPT data collection | |||
2 | High efficient glazing | 35 | Example case in installing a DESIGO™ building automation and control system. [http://www.siemens.com/download?A6V10330398 Energy performance class A in building automation] | |||
3 | Efficient lighting in baseline | 1.4 | Default building data. excel | |||
4 | Demand oriented lighting | 26.9 | Default building data. excel | |||
5 | Building Efficiency Monitoring | |||||
6 | Building Remote Monitoring | |||||
7 | Building Performance Optimization | |||||
8 | Demand controlled ventilation | 16.2 - 22.4 | Default building data for Helsinki (excel), cell A35. excel/cyPT data collection | |||
9 | Heat and Cold Recovery in ventilation | 17.8 | ||||
10 | Efficient Motors | |||||
11 | Building Automation BACS Class C | |||||
12 | Building Automation BACS Class B | |||||
13 | Building Automation BACS Class A | |||||
14 | Room Automation HVAC | 30 | http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com | |||
15 | Room Automation HVAC + lighting | |||||
16 | Building Automation HVAC + lighting + blinds | 60 | www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com |
⇤# : The sources of data in the Description column are ambiguous. Put the name of the file/web page in the table and then a link to the file under the table. The user who is not familiar with the data should not need to guess what these sources are. --Jouni (talk) 14:16, 19 May 2015 (UTC)
- Notes
- The numbers found are not reliable but most of the high technology buildings such as insulated walls, windows.... are started to build from 10 to 15 years ago, so if we could find the building area in the year 2000, we could subtract that from the building area in Helsinki at the moment and get the building area which is built during these 10-15 years and they are high tech building areas with regard to 2 % renovation rate and rebuilding which is on going every year which should be added to the total amount.
Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT.
Energy demand
Table 3. Total energy demand by energy type and building type.
--# : See Helsinki energy decision 2015. More of relevant data may be collected there. --Jouni (talk) 14:16, 19 May 2015 (UTC)
Obs | Energy type | Residential | Public | Industrial | Other | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Electricity | |||||
2 | Cooling | |||||
3 | Heating |
- Notes
- Heating includes warm water.
Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT.
Table 4. Shares of different energy sinks by building type.
Obs | Energy type | Use | Residential | Other | Admin | Industry | Description | Auxiliaries |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cooling | Infiltration | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | PPT | |
2 | Cooling | Ventilation | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.0 | PPT | |
3 | Cooling | Losses through walls through transmission | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | PPT | |
4 | Cooling | Heat input by solar radiation through windows | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | PPT | |
5 | Cooling | Losses through windows through transmission | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | PPT | |
6 | Cooling | Other effects (e.g. people, electrical Appliances) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | PPT | |
7 | Heating | Infiltration | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | PPT | |
8 | Heating | Ventilation | 29.19 | 27.56 | 27.22 | 27.22 | PPT | |
9 | Heating | Walls | 34.75 | 32.81 | 32.40 | 32.40 | PPT | |
10 | Heating | Windows | 15.49 | 14.63 | 14.44 | 14.44 | PPT | |
11 | Heating | Floors | 8.74 | 8.25 | 8.15 | 8.15 | PPT | |
12 | Heating | Roofs | 9.33 | 8.81 | 8.70 | 8.70 | PPT | |
13 | Heating | Other | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | PPT | |
14 | Heating | Warm water | 1.89 | 0.0 | 1.76 | 1.76 | kWh | Copenhagen Excel |
15 | Electricity | Lighting | 2.82 | 20.05 | 49.68 | 8.67 | kWh | Copenhagen Excel |
16 | Electricity | Appliances | 24.84 | 18.74 | 14.19 | 13.00 | kWh | Copenhagen Excel |
17 | Electricity | Ventilation | 0 | 12.03 | 21.29 | 18.24 | kWh | Copenhagen Excel |
18 | Electricity | Other | 0.56 | 23.69 | 56.77 | 51.76 | kWh | Copenhagen Excel |
- Notes
- Data from
Climate policies Helsinki additional data
- We went through the data mentioned above and also the files given in "Climate policies Helsinki data"
Climate policies Helsinki data but could not find the data for cooling, heating:infiltration, heating:other, heating:warm water:other and electricity:ventilation:residential.
- Total estimated amount of energy needed for cooling 23504480 kWh/a (whole Helsinki). Based on [1] 14332 GWh/a for housing (total energy demand minus traffic 18 % [2] and [3] 2 % of total energy demand of housing used for cooling. Total floor area of Helsinki needed (table 1).
Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries: see table.
Table 5. Changes in energy efficiency of different energy sinks.
Obs | Energy type | Use | Residential | Public | Industrial | Other | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Electricity | Lighting /Lamp stock | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
2 | Electricity | Appliances | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
3 | Electricity | Ventilation | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
4 | Electricity | Other | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
5 | Cooling | Infiltration | 2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
6 | Cooling | Ventilation | 2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
7 | Cooling | Other (e.g. electric appliances, people) | 2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
8 | Heating | Infiltration | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
9 | Heating | Ventilation | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
10 | Heating | Floors | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
11 | Heating | Roofs | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
12 | Heating | Other reasons | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
13 | Heating | Warm water | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
- Notes
- Estimated 3 % of houses renovated/year and 20 % increase in energy efficiency when renovated. [4] Data apart from 0.6% values from
Climate policies Helsinki additional data
- The presentation about tables 4 and 5
PresentationHW9
Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries Excel.
Table 6. Important energy parameters.
Obs | Parameter | Unit | Residential | Public | Industrial | Other | Description | Auxiliary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ratio of wall area / effective area | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | PPT | |
2 | Ratio of window/effective area | - | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | PPT | |
3 | U-value of windows | W /m2 /K | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | PPT | |
4 | Solar heat gain coefficient "G-Value" of windows | % | 0.40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | PPT | |
5 | Efficiency increase of G-value of windows | % /a | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Excel | |
6 | Efficiency increase of U-value of windows | % /a | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Excel | |
7 | U-value of building walls | W /m2 /K | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.28 | PPT |
- Notes
- Using the data
Climate policies Helsinki additional data, we only got 0.00 for all the parameters.
- We went further to use Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland on Opasnet to get our values.
- However, EU legislation value for U-value of windows in the document below was 1.0, so we used it for building buildings and the past years' values for the non-residential buildings. We assumed this will be the new residential buildings to be within the legislative value. [1] [2] [3]
- HW9 table 6 presentation:
Helsinki Building Stock
Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries: see table.
Lighting
Tables 7-8. Run times and shares of lamps by lamp type and building type.
Obs | Lamp | Residential | Public | Industrial | Other | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Incandescent lamps | |||||
2 | Compact fluorescent lamps | |||||
3 | Fluorescent lamps | |||||
4 | Low voltage halogen lamps | |||||
5 | Medium voltage halogen lamps |
Obs | Lamp | Residential | Public | Industrial | Other | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Incandescent lamps | |||||
2 | Compact fluorescent lamps | |||||
3 | Fluorescent lamps | |||||
4 | Low voltage halogen lamps | |||||
5 | Medium voltage halogen lamps |
- Notes
- Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries Excel.
Other
Sheet 4_Input Buildings (Area Demand). Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT. Nice to have specific factor otherwise we adapt standard data or other studies.
Data | Result |
---|---|
Number of households | |
Number of persons per household |
Facta database building categories and heating types
These tables are based on FACTA database classifications and their interpretation for assessments.
Obs | Building types in Facta | Building |
---|---|---|
1 | Ammatilliset oppilaitokset | Public |
2 | Asuntolat, vanhusten palvelutalot, asuntolahotellit | Other |
3 | Elokuvateatterit | Public |
4 | Hotellit, motellit, matkustajakodit, kylpylähotellit | Public |
5 | Kahden asunnon talot | Residential |
6 | Kasvihuoneet | Industrial |
7 | Kauppavarastot | Industrial |
8 | Kirjastot | Public |
9 | Kirkot, kappelit, luostarit, rukoushuoneet | Public |
10 | Korkeakoulurakennukset | Public |
11 | Kulkuneuvojen suoja- ja huoltorakennukset | Industrial |
12 | Lasten päiväkodit | Public |
13 | Lastenkodit, koulukodit | Residential |
14 | Liike- ja tavaratalot, kauppakeskukset | Other |
15 | Monitoimi- ja muut urheiluhallit | Other |
16 | Museot, taidegalleriat | Public |
17 | Muut erilliset pientalot | Residential |
18 | Muut kerrostalot | Residential |
19 | Muut liikenteen rakennukset | Industrial |
20 | Muut palo- ja pelastustoimen rakennukset | Other |
21 | Muut sairaalat | Other |
22 | Muut teollisuuden tuotantorakennukset | Industrial |
23 | Muut terveydenhoitorakennukset | Other |
24 | Muut urheilu- ja kuntoilurakennukset | Other |
25 | Muut uskonnollisten yhteisöjen rakennukset | Public |
26 | Muut varastorakennukset | Other |
27 | Myymälärakennukset | Other |
28 | Peruskoulut, lukiot ja muut | Public |
29 | Pysäköintitalot | Other |
30 | Rautatie- ja linja-autoasemat, lento- ja satamaterminaalit | Public |
31 | Ravintolat, ruokalat ja baarit | Public |
32 | Rivitalot | Residential |
33 | Saunarakennukset | Other |
34 | Seurakuntatalot | Public |
35 | Talousrakennukset | Other |
36 | Teollisuus- ja pienteollisuustalot | Industrial |
37 | Teollisuushallit | Industrial |
38 | Toimistorakennukset | Other |
39 | Tutkimuslaitosrakennukset | Other |
40 | Vapaa-ajan asunnot | Residential |
41 | Voimalaitosrakennukset | Industrial |
42 | Väestönsuojat | Other |
43 | Yhden asunnon talot | Residential |
44 | Muualla luokittelemattomat opetusrakennukset | Other |
45 | Muut kokoontumisrakennukset | Public |
46 | Muut rakennukset | Other |
47 | Muut sosiaalitoimen rakennukset | Public |
48 | Myymälähallit | Other |
49 | Teollisuusvarastot | Industrial |
50 | Yhdyskuntatekniikan rakennukset | Other |
51 | Järjestöjen, liittojen, työnantajien yms. opetusrakennukset | Other |
52 | Muut huoltolaitosrakennukset | Industrial |
53 | Tietoliikenteen rakennukset | Industrial |
54 | Seurain-, nuoriso- yms. talot | Public |
55 | Terveyskeskukset | Public |
56 | Vanhainkodit | Residential |
57 | Luhtitalot | Residential |
58 | Navetat, sikalat, kanalat yms. | Industrial |
59 | Muut majoitusliikerakennukset | Other |
60 | Muut majoitusrakennukset | Other |
61 | Muut maa-, metsä- ja kalatalouden rakennukset | Other |
62 | Kehitysvammaisten hoitolaitokset | Residential |
63 | Loma- lepo- ja virkistyskodit | Other |
64 | Eläinsuojat, ravihevostallit, maneesit | Other |
65 | Other | |
66 | Paloasemat | Other |
67 | Vuokrattavat lomamökit ja osakkeet (liiketoiminnallisesti) | Other |
68 | Teatterit, konsertti- ja kongressitalot, oopperat | Public |
69 | Jäähallit | Public |
70 | Keskussairaalat | Other |
71 | Näyttelyhallit | Other |
72 | Terveydenhoidon erityislaitokset (mm. kuntoutuslaitokset) | Other |
73 | Viljankuivaamot ja viljan säilytysrakennukset, siilot | Industrial |
74 | Uimahallit | Public |
75 | Vankilat | Other |
76 | Ketjutalot | Residential |
77 | Tennis-, squash- ja sulkapallohallit | Other |
Obs | Heating types in Facta | Heating |
---|---|---|
1 | Other | |
2 | Kauko- tai aluelämpö | District heating |
3 | Kevyt polttoöljy | Light oil |
4 | Kivihiili, koksi tms. | Coal |
5 | Maalämpö tms. | Geothermal |
6 | Puu | Wood |
7 | Raskas polttoöljy | Fuel oil |
8 | Sähkö | Electricity |
9 | Kaasu | Gas |
10 | Muu | Other |
Calculations
See also
- Descriptions about the summary calculations on sheet Parameter Balance (not needed any more).
- Rakennustietoruudukko pääkaupunkiseudulta [5]
References
- ↑ Economidou, M., Atanasiu, B., Despret, C., Maio, J., Nolte, I., & Rapf, O. (2011). Europe’s buildings under the microscope. A Country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings, 131.
- ↑ Kragh, J., Laustsen, J. B., & Svendsen, S. (2008). Proposal for Energy Rating System of windows in EU. DTU Civil Engineering-Report R-201.
- ↑ http://www.ziegel.at/gbc-ziegelhandbuch/eng/ressourcen/energie/graue.htm