Building stock in Kuopio
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Contents
- 1 Question
- 2 Answer
- 3 Rationale
- 3.1 Dispersion modelling
- 3.2 Building stock
- 3.3 Heating types of buildings
- 3.4 Energy efficiency in heating
- 3.5 Baseline energy consumption
- 3.6 Renovations and their impact
- 3.7 Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors
- 3.8 Regulations regarding energy consumption of buildings
- 3.9 Emission factors for heating
- 3.10 Calculations for ovariables
- 3.11 Other preliminary calculations
- 4 See also
- 5 Keywords
- 6 References
- 7 Related files
Question
How to model the building stock of a city?
Answer
Obs | Decision maker | Decision | Option | Variable | Cell | Change | Unit | Amount | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | City | RenovationPolicy | Active renovation | renovation | Multiply | 1.5 | |||
2 | City | RenovationPolicy | BAU | renovation | Multiply | 1 | |||
3 | Builders | EfficiencyPolicy | BAU | efficienciesNew | Efficiency:Passive;Constructed:2020-2029 | Add | 0 | ||
4 | Builders | EfficiencyPolicy | Active efficiency | efficienciesNew | Efficiency:Passive;Constructed:2020-2029 | Add | 0.3 | Given as fraction because that's how it is calculated in the model | |
5 | Builders | EfficiencyPolicy | Active efficiency | efficienciesNew | Efficiency:Low-energy;Constructed:2020-2029 | Add | -0.3 | Given as fraction because that's how it is calculated in the model | |
6 | Kuopion Energia | FuelPolicy | BAU | fuelTypes | Add | 0 | |||
7 | Kuopion Energia | FuelPolicy | Buofuel increase | fuelTypes | Burner:Large fluidized bed;Fuel:Wood | Add | 0.6 | ||
8 | Kuopion Energia | FuelPolicy | Buofuel increase | fuelTypes | Burner:Large fluidized bed;Fuel:Peat | Add | -0.6 |
- Calculate building stock into the future
- The dynamics is calculated by adding building floor area at time points greater than construction year, and by subtracting when time point is greater than demolition year. This is done by building category, not individually.
- Also the renovation dynamics is built using event years: at an event, a certain amount of floor area is moved from one energy efficiency category to another.
- Full data are stored in the ovariables. Before evaluating, extra columns and rows are removed. The first part of the code is about this.
- Plot results from this page
Rationale
Dispersion modelling
Where and how do the emissions of heating take place?
Obs | Heating | Emission site | Emission height | Dummy |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | District | Haapaniemi | High | |
2 | Electricity | Haapaniemi | High | |
3 | Geothermal | Haapaniemi | High | |
4 | Oil | At site of consumption | Low | |
5 | Wood | At site of consumption | Low | |
6 | Gas | At site of consumption | Low |
Building stock
Obs | Building | Constructed | Number | AreaBR | VolumeBR | AreaHR | VolumeHR | Population | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | 2000-2010 | 756 | 386081 | 1633314 | 101479.9 | 324433.4 | From building registry, except AreaHR and VolumeHR from heat registry | |
2 | Detached houses | 1990-1999 | 291 | 69238 | 244161 | 39061.7 | 124881.1 | ||
3 | Detached houses | 1980-1989 | 1332 | 436466 | 1578407 | 178797.9 | 571620.7 | ||
4 | Detached houses | 1970-1979 | 1153 | 533914 | 2135897 | 154770.3 | 494803.8 | ||
5 | Detached houses | 1960-1969 | 714 | 239478 | 825910 | 95842.12 | 306409.3 | ||
6 | Detached houses | 1950-1959 | 769 | 129148 | 400137 | 103224.9 | 330012.2 | ||
7 | Detached houses | 1940-1949 | 444 | 59420 | 199806 | 59599.3 | 190540.2 | ||
8 | Detached houses | 1930-1939 | 231 | 29492 | 117817 | 31007.75 | 991332.4 | ||
9 | Detached houses | 1920-1929 | 182 | 52362 | 209142 | 24430.34 | 78104.3 | ||
10 | Detached houses | 1910-1919 | 83 | 17141 | 63287 | 11141.31 | 35619.0 | ||
11 | Detached houses | 1900-1909 | 364 | 8583 | 26697 | 48860.69 | 156208.7 | ||
12 | Detached houses | 1799-1899 | 80 | 21416 | 90078 | 10738.61 | 34331.57 | ||
13 | Row houses | 2000-2010 | 35 | 4885 | 14776 | 14073.89 | 44638.6 | ||
14 | Row houses | 1990-1999 | 131 | 44673 | 155291 | 52676.57 | 167076 | ||
15 | Row houses | 1980-1989 | 215 | 53238 | 167371 | 86453.91 | 274208.7 | ||
16 | Row houses | 1970-1979 | 248 | 112504 | 388698 | 99723.58 | 316296.5 | ||
17 | Row houses | 1960-1969 | 169 | 59354 | 218500 | 67956.79 | 215540.8 | ||
18 | Row houses | 1950-1959 | 149 | 51992 | 181039 | 59914.57 | 190033 | ||
19 | Row houses | 1940-1949 | 150 | 24266 | 79655 | 60316.88 | 191308.4 | ||
20 | Row houses | 1930-1939 | 18 | 2109 | 6769 | 7238.002 | 22957.0 | ||
21 | Row houses | 1920-1929 | 50 | 6694 | 19447 | 20105.56 | 63769.5 | ||
22 | Row houses | 1910-1919 | 10 | 5649 | 31095 | 4021.112 | 12753.9 | ||
23 | Row houses | 1900-1909 | 60 | 1617 | 4770 | 24126.67 | 76523.4 | ||
24 | Row houses | 1799-1899 | 6 | 3075 | 12932 | 2412.667 | 7652.3 | ||
25 | Apartment houses | 2000-2010 | 101 | 19494 | 64499 | 167322.2 | 585906.9 | ||
26 | Apartment houses | 1990-1999 | 260 | 119428 | 487611 | 430730.5 | 1508275 | ||
27 | Apartment houses | 1980-1989 | 393 | 136886 | 479881 | 651065.8 | 2279816 | ||
28 | Apartment houses | 1970-1979 | 149 | 127426 | 429284 | 246841.7 | 864357.7 | ||
29 | Apartment houses | 1960-1969 | 122 | 114214 | 393011 | 202112 | 707729.1 | ||
30 | Apartment houses | 1950-1959 | 155 | 55041 | 236701 | 256781.7 | 899164 | ||
31 | Apartment houses | 1940-1949 | 73 | 17521 | 52956 | 120935.9 | 423477.3 | ||
32 | Apartment houses | 1930-1939 | 46 | 12122 | 47788 | 76206.17 | 266848.7 | ||
33 | Apartment houses | 1920-1929 | 51 | 6468 | 18829 | 84489.45 | 295854 | ||
34 | Apartment houses | 1910-1919 | 17 | 5361 | 16580 | 28163.15 | 98618 | ||
35 | Apartment houses | 1900-1909 | 77 | 3600 | 18943 | 127562.5 | 446681.5 | ||
36 | Apartment houses | 1799-1899 | 15 | 9190 | 37245 | 24849.84 | 87015.87 | ||
37 | Leisure houses | 2000-2010 | 129 | 27622 | 106034 | 27622 | 106034 | ||
38 | Leisure houses | 1990-1999 | 628 | 253150 | 959798 | 253150 | 959798 | ||
39 | Leisure houses | 1980-1989 | 312 | 106254 | 328436 | 106254 | 328436 | ||
40 | Leisure houses | 1970-1979 | 15 | 17313 | 61670 | 17313 | 61670 | ||
41 | Leisure houses | 1960-1969 | 23 | 41800 | 142756 | 41800 | 142756 | ||
42 | Leisure houses | 1950-1959 | 19 | 7727 | 24658 | 7727 | 24658 | ||
43 | Leisure houses | 1940-1949 | 32 | 6581 | 19417 | 6581 | 19417 | ||
44 | Leisure houses | 1930-1939 | 11 | 1671 | 4028 | 1671 | 4028 | ||
45 | Leisure houses | 1920-1929 | 3 | 496 | 1672 | 496 | 1672 | ||
46 | Leisure houses | 1910-1919 | 7 | 8345 | 30030 | 8345 | 30030 | ||
47 | Leisure houses | 1900-1909 | 25 | 8177 | 31580 | 8177 | 31580 | ||
48 | Leisure houses | 1799-1899 | 11 | 5187 | 21517 | 5187 | 21517 | ||
49 | Offices | 2000-2010 | 11 | 834 | 2513 | 24571.1 | 108975.1 | ||
50 | Offices | 1990-1999 | 30 | 5475 | 16512 | 67012.09 | 297204.7 | ||
51 | Offices | 1980-1989 | 15 | 15856 | 61168 | 33506.05 | 148602.4 | ||
52 | Offices | 1970-1979 | 5 | 8182 | 35146 | 11168.68 | 49534.1 | ||
53 | Offices | 1960-1969 | 14 | 12896 | 42267 | 31272.31 | 138695.5 | ||
54 | Offices | 1950-1959 | 11 | 4175 | 14891 | 24571.1 | 108975.1 | ||
55 | Offices | 1940-1949 | 26 | 5813 | 19002 | 58077.15 | 257577.4 | ||
56 | Offices | 1930-1939 | 6 | 7203 | 25634 | 13402.42 | 59441.0 | ||
57 | Offices | 1920-1929 | 6 | 18447 | 73484 | 13402.42 | 59441.0 | ||
58 | Offices | 1910-1919 | 3 | 7007 | 28393 | 6701.209 | 29720.5 | ||
59 | Offices | 1900-1909 | 11 | 1405 | 6658 | 24571.1 | 108975.1 | ||
60 | Offices | 1799-1899 | 10 | 8885 | 28766 | 22337.36 | 99068.2 | ||
61 | Commercial | 2000-2010 | 3 | 1608 | 9750 | 6014.098 | 33975.3 | ||
62 | Commercial | 1990-1999 | 90 | 27412 | 81016 | 180422.9 | 1019260 | ||
63 | Commercial | 1980-1989 | 59 | 40501 | 135660 | 118277.3 | 668181.6 | ||
64 | Commercial | 1970-1979 | 9 | 17990 | 66240 | 18042.29 | 101926 | ||
65 | Commercial | 1960-1969 | 6 | 7613 | 25440 | 12028.2 | 67950.7 | ||
66 | Commercial | 1950-1959 | 9 | 3992 | 17387 | 18042.29 | 101926 | ||
67 | Commercial | 1940-1949 | 40 | 5824 | 16901 | 80187.97 | 453004.5 | ||
68 | Commercial | 1930-1939 | 10 | 2962 | 12795 | 20046.99 | 113251.1 | ||
69 | Commercial | 1920-1929 | 4 | 8512 | 27777 | 8018.797 | 45300.5 | ||
70 | Commercial | 1910-1919 | 1 | 70 | 400 | 2004.699 | 11325.1 | ||
71 | Commercial | 1900-1909 | 37 | 2511 | 9416 | 74173.87 | 419029.2 | ||
72 | Commercial | 1799-1899 | 8 | 5221 | 27778 | 16037.59 | 90600.9 | ||
73 | Health and social sector | 2000-2010 | 1 | 30 | 53 | 4225.8 | 16458.0 | ||
74 | Health and social sector | 1990-1999 | 16 | 26529 | 174067 | 67612.8 | 263327.8 | ||
75 | Health and social sector | 1980-1989 | 21 | 9354 | 27182 | 88741.7 | 345617.7 | ||
76 | Health and social sector | 1970-1979 | 5 | 976 | 2743 | 21129.0 | 82289.9 | ||
77 | Health and social sector | 1960-1969 | 3 | 237 | 943 | 12677.4 | 49374.0 | ||
78 | Health and social sector | 1950-1959 | 7 | 793 | 2677 | 29580.6 | 115205.9 | ||
79 | Health and social sector | 1940-1949 | 5 | 661 | 1695 | 21129.0 | 82289.9 | ||
80 | Health and social sector | 1930-1939 | 2 | 66 | 147 | 8451.6 | 32916.0 | ||
81 | Health and social sector | 1920-1929 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
82 | Health and social sector | 1910-1919 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
83 | Health and social sector | 1900-1909 | 2 | 149 | 487 | 8451.6 | 32916.0 | ||
84 | Health and social sector | 1799-1899 | 2 | 30 | 70 | 8451.6 | 32916.0 | ||
85 | Public | 2000-2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
86 | Public | 1990-1999 | 17 | 10065 | 30863 | 22048 | 113251.8 | ||
87 | Public | 1980-1989 | 8 | 948 | 3571 | 10375.5 | 53295.0 | ||
88 | Public | 1970-1979 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
89 | Public | 1960-1969 | 9 | 16153 | 58085 | 11672.5 | 59956.9 | ||
90 | Public | 1950-1959 | 12 | 1716 | 4432 | 15563.3 | 79942.5 | ||
91 | Public | 1940-1949 | 11 | 1774 | 4841 | 14266.4 | 73280.6 | ||
92 | Public | 1930-1939 | 2 | 752 | 1328 | 2593.9 | 13323.8 | ||
93 | Public | 1920-1929 | 6 | 5129 | 13639 | 7781.7 | 39971.2 | ||
94 | Public | 1910-1919 | 1 | 31 | 78 | 1296.9 | 6661.9 | ||
95 | Public | 1900-1909 | 5 | 375 | 1103 | 6484.7 | 33309.4 | ||
96 | Public | 1799-1899 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
97 | Sports | 2000-2010 | 3 | 1601 | 4892 | 5231.2 | 34573.8 | ||
98 | Sports | 1990-1999 | 9 | 1330 | 3777 | 15693.5 | 103721.2 | ||
99 | Sports | 1980-1989 | 23 | 3993 | 11721 | 40105.7 | 265065.4 | ||
100 | Sports | 1970-1979 | 1 | 1010 | 2980 | 1743.7 | 11524.6 | ||
101 | Sports | 1960-1969 | 4 | 326 | 970 | 6974.9 | 46098.3 | ||
102 | Sports | 1950-1959 | 5 | 561 | 1421 | 8718.6 | 57622.9 | ||
103 | Sports | 1940-1949 | 5 | 606 | 2467 | 8718.6 | 57622.9 | ||
104 | Sports | 1930-1939 | 4 | 92 | 214 | 6974.9 | 46098.3 | ||
105 | Sports | 1920-1929 | 1 | 128 | 368 | 1743.7 | 11524.6 | ||
106 | Sports | 1910-1919 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
107 | Sports | 1900-1909 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
108 | Sports | 1799-1899 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
109 | Educational | 2000-2010 | 10 | 965 | 3291 | 28041.9 | 118506.4 | ||
110 | Educational | 1990-1999 | 35 | 12690 | 64092 | 98146.7 | 414772.4 | ||
111 | Educational | 1980-1989 | 50 | 28242 | 83710 | 140209.5 | 592532 | ||
112 | Educational | 1970-1979 | 24 | 24414 | 77939 | 67300.6 | 284415.3 | ||
113 | Educational | 1960-1969 | 2 | 240 | 647 | 5608.4 | 23701.28 | ||
114 | Educational | 1950-1959 | 4 | 3992 | 11602 | 11216.8 | 47402.6 | ||
115 | Educational | 1940-1949 | 1 | 255 | 620 | 2804.2 | 11850.6 | ||
116 | Educational | 1930-1939 | 5 | 1730 | 5190 | 14021 | 59253.2 | ||
117 | Educational | 1920-1929 | 1 | 151 | 400 | 2804.2 | 11850.6 | ||
118 | Educational | 1910-1919 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
119 | Educational | 1900-1909 | 11 | 829 | 3384 | 30846.1 | 130357 | ||
120 | Educational | 1799-1899 | 4 | 2129 | 7063 | 11216.8 | 47402.6 | ||
121 | Industrial | 2000-2010 | 12 | 1403 | 4983 | 12303.7 | 67793.0 | ||
122 | Industrial | 1990-1999 | 73 | 59828 | 259259 | 74847.7 | 412407.7 | ||
123 | Industrial | 1980-1989 | 100 | 61742 | 213089 | 102531.1 | 564942 | ||
124 | Industrial | 1970-1979 | 30 | 53533 | 245860 | 30759.3 | 169482.6 | ||
125 | Industrial | 1960-1969 | 25 | 21774 | 78599 | 25632.8 | 141235.5 | ||
126 | Industrial | 1950-1959 | 33 | 54513 | 171916 | 33835.3 | 186430.9 | ||
127 | Industrial | 1940-1949 | 16 | 5991 | 18432 | 16405 | 90390.7 | ||
128 | Industrial | 1930-1939 | 5 | 3774 | 16943 | 5126.6 | 28247.1 | ||
129 | Industrial | 1920-1929 | 4 | 1012 | 2483 | 4101.2 | 22597.7 | ||
130 | Industrial | 1910-1919 | 1 | 736 | 3800 | 1025.3 | 5649.4 | ||
131 | Industrial | 1900-1909 | 8 | 78 | 210 | 8202.5 | 45195.4 | ||
132 | Industrial | 1799-1899 | 5 | 1692 | 6530 | 5126.6 | 28247.1 | ||
133 | Other | 2000-2010 | 1757 | 839469 | 3554193 | 85457.8 | 395141.1 | ||
134 | Other | 1990-1999 | 848 | 368865 | 1353085 | 41245.4 | 190711.2 | ||
135 | Other | 1980-1989 | 867 | 617201 | 2413346 | 42169.5 | 194984.3 | ||
136 | Other | 1970-1979 | 395 | 666755 | 2847441 | 19212.2 | 88833.7 | ||
137 | Other | 1960-1969 | 266 | 408885 | 1574959 | 12937.8 | 59822.2 | ||
138 | Other | 1950-1959 | 310 | 474438 | 1656934 | 15077.9 | 69717.6 | ||
139 | Other | 1940-1949 | 244 | 102298 | 352553 | 11867.8 | 54874.5 | ||
140 | Other | 1930-1939 | 75 | 50759 | 187919 | 3647.9 | 16867.2 | ||
141 | Other | 1920-1929 | 93 | 72101 | 278959 | 4523.4 | 20915.3 | ||
142 | Other | 1910-1919 | 33 | 41916 | 150394 | 1605.1 | 7421.5 | ||
143 | Other | 1900-1909 | 116 | 34061 | 120695 | 5642.1 | 26087.9 | ||
144 | Other | 1799-1899 | 41 | 33680 | 137878 | 1994.2 | 9220.7 |
New buildings per year
Obs | Building | Number | Area | Volume | Year | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | 244-271 | 35137-40041 | 120728-141108 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
2 | Row houses | 26-39 | 13120-18408 | 44141-62721 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
3 | Apartment houses | 21-31 | 34815-55460 | 128154-209340 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
4 | Commercial | 9-14 | 9742-87323 | 49576-651239 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
5 | Offices | 3-6 | 235-23891 | 993-106590 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
6 | Industrial | 14-23 | 2948-11638 | 13555-78906 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
7 | Public | 2-5 | 313-2819 | 905-17470 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
8 | Educational | 4-6 | 220-14730 | 1745-74718 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
9 | Health and social sector | 2-8 | 17-28843 | 280-175064 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
10 | Sports | 0 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings? Empty row | ||
11 | Leisure houses | 47-69 | 2859-3660 | 9909 12693 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
12 | Other | 317-421 | 19849-36194 | 80607-123013 | 2010-2012 | From city supervision of buildings |
Construction areas
Where are new buildings built in Kuopio in the future? The numbers are fractions (in %) of total floor area built in Kuopio.
Obs | City area | Fraction of floor area | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | City center | 5 | All numbers are guesstimates and not based on data. |
2 | Petonen | 10 | |
3 | Puijonlaakso | 2 | |
4 | Saaristokaupunki | 17 | |
5 | Neulamäki | 1 | |
6 | Itkonniemi-Männistö-Linnanpelto | 1 | |
7 | Haapaniemi | 1 | |
8 | Särkiniemi-Särkilahti | 2 | |
9 | Niirala | 1 | |
10 | Saarijärvi | 1 | |
11 | Jynkkä | 2 | |
12 | Julkula | 2 | |
13 | Inkilänmäki-Peipposenrinne | 1 | |
14 | Päiväranta | 1 | |
15 | Länsi-Puijo | 1 | |
16 | Kelloniemi | 1 | |
17 | Levänen | 2 | |
18 | Kettulanlahti | 1 | |
19 | Rahusenkangas-Kuivinniemi | 1 | |
20 | Pitkälahti | 47 |
Removed buildings per year
Number of removed buildings has been 15-25 per year during 2009-2012 according dismantling permissions of the city. The actual number may be somewhat larger.
Heating types of buildings
Obs | Building | Heating | Fraction | Old fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | District | 68.36 | 82.5 | City of Kuopio |
2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 16.09 | 8.93 | |
3 | Detached houses | Oil | 8.50 | 4.66 | |
4 | Detached houses | Wood | 5.24 | 2.86 | |
5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 1.81 | 1.04 | |
6 | Row houses | District | 83.1 | 100 | See table below |
7 | Row houses | Electricity | 16.9 | 100 | Subtraction |
8 | Apartment houses | District | 91.3 | 100 | See table below |
9 | Apartment houses | Oil | 8.7 | 100 | Subtraction |
10 | Leisure houses | Electricity | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
11 | Offices | District | 89.3 | 100 | See table below |
12 | Offices | Oil | 10.7 | 100 | Subtraction |
13 | Commercial | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
14 | Health and social sector | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
15 | Public | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
16 | Sports | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
17 | Educational | District | 85 | 100 | See table below |
18 | Educational | Oil | 15 | 100 | Subtraction |
19 | Industrial | District | 57 | 100 | See table below |
20 | Industrial | Oil | 43 | 100 | Subtraction |
21 | Other | District | 100 | 100 | Assumption |
Explanations:
- "Old fraction" is based on data according to which the number of detached houses residing in the central city area but NOT district-heated is 700 (Excel-file from city of Kuopio). However, more accurate number is assumed to be around 3000 (email from Arja A. 8.5.2013), which is reflected in the current "Fraction" column.
Proportion of buildings in district heat in main urban area (Pitkälahti-Sorsalo) area of Kuopio.
Data from N:\YMAL\Projects\Urgenche\WP10 Kuopio\Scenarios_data_ver6.xlsx
Obs | Building | Contracts | Fraction of contracts | Floor area | Fraction of floor area | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Apartment houses | 958 | 0.646 | 2417061 | 0.913 | |
2 | Detached houses | 3241 | 0.52 | 587191 | 0.476 | |
3 | Row houses | 393 | 0.313 | 499020 | 0.831 | |
4 | Industry and warehouses | 129 | 0.286 | 354666 | 0.57 | |
5 | Office buildings | 90 | 0.625 | 330593 | 0.893 | |
6 | Schools and research buildings | 61 | 0.592 | 412216 | 0.85 | |
7 | Public services | 167 | 0 | 545507 | 0 | |
8 | Other buildings | 30 | 0 | 123491 | 0 | |
9 | Total | 5069 | 0.454 | 5269745 | 0.706 | |
10 | Total residential | 4592 | 0.512 | 3503272 | 0.782 |
Obs | Building2 | Heating | Constructed | Fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Residential | District | Rest of heating | ||
2 | Residential | Geothermal | 5-10 | ||
3 | Residential | Electricity | 10-15 | ||
4 | Non-residential | District | 100 |
Energy efficiency in heating
Obs | Efficiency | Heat | User electricity | Water | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Old | 150 | 30 | Pöyry 2011 s.28 | |
2 | New | 70 | 50 | 40 | Pöyry 2011 s.32 (2010 SRMK) |
3 | Low-energy | 35 | 50 | 40 | Personal communication |
4 | Passive | 17.5 - 25 | 50 | 40 | Pöyry 2011 s.33; Personal communication |
Obs | Efficiency | Constructed | Fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | New | 2020-2029 | 10-20 | |
2 | Low-energy | 2020-2029 | The rest of energy class | |
3 | Passive | 2020-2029 | 25-35 | |
4 | New | 2030-2039 | 5-10 | |
5 | Low-energy | 2030-2039 | 20-50 | |
6 | Passive | 2030-2039 | The rest of energy class | |
7 | New | 2040-2049 | 0-5 | |
8 | Low-energy | 2040-2049 | 10-30 | |
9 | Passive | 2040-2049 | The rest of energy class |
- Old: old buildings to be renovated (or in need of renovation)
- New: normal new buildings (no current need of renovation)
- Low-energy: buildings consuming about half of the energy of a new building
- Passive: buildings consuming a quarter or less of the energy of a new building
- Chinese green building system: [9] [10]
Baseline energy consumption
--# : Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)! --Marjo 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)
⇤# : There might be an error in the table: there is only district for non-residential buildings. Therefore they cancel out in the model. CHECK THIS BEFORE PUBLISHING RESULTS! --Jouni (talk) 22:47, 17 February 2014 (EET)
Obs | Building | Heating | Heat | User electricity | Total electricity | Year | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | District | 134.74 | 50 | 184.74 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data; Pöyry |
2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 130 | 50 | 180 | 2010 | Energiapolar; Pöyry |
3 | Detached houses | Oil | 134.74 | 50 | 50 | 2010 | Pöyry. Efficiency 90-95% (energiatehokaskoti.fi). |
4 | Detached houses | Wood | 134.74 | 50 | 50 | 2010 | Assumption. Efficiency of good kettles 80%(energiatehokaskoti.fi). |
5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 40 | 50 | 90 | 2010 | Assumption |
6 | Row houses | District | 168.88 | 73.5 | 73.5 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
7 | Apartment houses | District | 172.31 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
8 | Commercial | District | 161.82 | 229.6 | 229.6 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
9 | Offices | District | 161.07 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
10 | Health and social sector | District | 214.97 | 122.81 | 122.81 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
11 | Public | District | 165.47 | 110.4 | 110.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
12 | Sports | District | 121.38 | 85.9 | 85.9 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
13 | Educational | District | 170 | 116.4 | 116.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
14 | Industrial | District | 168.44 | 212.4 | 212.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
15 | Leisure houses | Electricity | 2.4 | 1 | 3.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
16 | Other | District | 138.14 | 170.3 | 170.3 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data |
17 | Row houses | Electricity | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate | ||
18 | Apartment houses | Oil | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate | ||
19 | Offices | Oil | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate | ||
20 | Educational | Oil | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate | ||
21 | Industrial | Oil | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate | ||
22 | Non-residential buildings | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
23 | Special constructions | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
24 | Single-family houses | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
25 | Multiple-family houses | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
26 | Residential buildings with subsidiary use | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
27 | Buildings with partial residential use | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel |
Pöyry 2011. [1]
Energiapolar. [2]
Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys [3]
--# : Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)! --Marjo 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)
Obs | Building | Heating | Heat | User electricity | Year | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | District | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data; Energiapolar |
2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 40.66 | 15.67 | 2010 | Energiapolar |
3 | Detached houses | Oil | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Energiapolar |
4 | Detached houses | Wood | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Assumption |
5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 18.56 | 15.67 | 2010 | Assumption |
6 | Row houses | District | 53.25 | 23.16 | 2010 | From energy company |
7 | Apartment houses | District | 49.2 | 11.9 | 2010 | From energy company |
8 | Commercial | District | 28.65 | 40.64 | 2010 | From energy company |
9 | Offices | District | 36.32 | 20.99 | 2010 | From energy company |
10 | Health and social sector | District | 55.2 | 31.53 | 2010 | From energy company |
11 | Public | District | 32.21 | 21.49 | 2010 | From energy company |
12 | Sports | District | 18.37 | 13 | 2010 | From energy company; Electricity value comes from city´s renovation data |
13 | Educational | District | 40.23 | 27.54 | 2010 | From energy company |
14 | Industrial | District | 30.57 | 38.55 | 2010 | From energy company |
15 | Leisure houses | Electricity | 0.68 | 0.29 | 2010 | From energy company |
16 | Other | District | 29.88 | 36.83 | 2010 | From energy company |
Renovations and their impact
Obs | Age | Result | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 0 | Assumption Pöyry 2011 s.27 says that on average, 3 % of buildings are renovated. |
2 | 20 | 1.5 | Assumption Result applies to buildings older than the value in the Age column. |
3 | 30 | 4 | Assumption |
4 | 50 | 1.5 | Assumption |
5 | 100 | 1 | Assumption |
6 | 1000 | 1 | Assumption |
Obs | Efficiency | Building2 | Renovation | Relative | Absolute | Renovation details | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Old | Residential | Windows | 15 | 25 | New windows and doors | Pöyry 2011 |
2 | Old | Residential | Technical systems | 50 | 75 | New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems | Pöyry 2011 |
3 | Old | Residential | Sheath reform | 65 | 100 | New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems, significant reform of building's sheath | Pöyry 2011 |
4 | Old | Non-residential | General | 15 | - | General renovation | Pöyry 2011 |
5 | Old | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done | ||
6 | New | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done | ||
7 | Low-energy | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done | ||
8 | Passive | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done |
Obs | Renovation | Fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Windows | 10-20 | |
2 | Technical systems | 20-25 | |
3 | Sheath reform | 15-20 | |
4 | General | The rest of renovations |
Obs | Building | Building2 | Dummy |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | Residential | |
2 | Row houses | Residential | |
3 | Apartment houses | Residential | |
4 | Commercial | Non-residential | |
5 | Offices | Non-residential | |
6 | Industrial | Non-residential | |
7 | Public | Non-residential | |
8 | Educational | Non-residential | |
9 | Health and social sector | Non-residential | |
10 | Sports | Non-residential | |
11 | Leisure houses | Non-residential | |
12 | Other | Non-residential |
Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors
Obs | Building | Heating | Ventilation rate | Dampness% | Smoking% | Biomass burning% | Indoor background emissions | In noise areas% | Too hot in summer% | Too cold in winter% | Radon | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | District | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
3 | Detached houses | Oil | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
4 | Detached houses | Wood | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 15 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
6 | Row houses | District | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 21 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
7 | Apartment houses | District | 0.71 (0.3-1.12) | 5-16.5 | 2.35 (1.4-3.4) | 30 | 100 (95-105) | Gens, 2012; Turunen et al. 2010; Haverinen-Shaughnessy, 2012; Assumption based on city´s data; Kurttio 2006 | ||||
8 | Leisure houses | Electricity | ||||||||||
9 | Offices | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
10 | Commercial | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
11 | Health and social sector | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
12 | Public | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
13 | Sports | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
14 | Educational | District | 24 | 0 | Haverinen-Shaughnessy et al. 2012; Assumption | |||||||
15 | Industrial | District | 0 | Assumption | ||||||||
16 | Other | District |
Gens 2012 [4]
Haverinen-Shaughnessy 2010 [5]
Haverinen-Shaughnessy et al. 2012 [6]
Turunen et al. 2010 [7]
Regulations regarding energy consumption of buildings
Obs | Building | Year | E-value | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Detached houses | 2012 forward | 204 | Heated net area <120 m2; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
2 | Row houses | 2012 forward | 150 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
3 | Apartment houses | 2012 forward | 130 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
4 | Shops and other commercial buildings | 2012 forward | 240 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
5 | Offices | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
6 | Health and social sector: Hospitals | 2012 forward | 450 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
7 | Health and social sector: Health care centers etc. | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
8 | Public | 2012 forward | 240 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
9 | Sports | 2012 forward | 170 | Does not apply to swimming- and ice halls; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
10 | Educational | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
11 | Industrial | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
12 | Leisure buildings | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
13 | Other | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
Emission factors for heating
Obs | Type | Activity in Finland | PM2.5 emission factor | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Residential buildings | 34.2 (30.8-37.6) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
2 | Primary wood-heated residential buildings | 20.2 (16.6-23.9) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
3 | Manual feed boilers with accumulator tank | 5.42 (3.89-7.22) | 80.0 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
4 | Manual feed boilers without accumulator tank | 2.67 (1.67-3.87) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
5 | Automatic feed wood chip boilers | 1.46 (1.01-2) | 50.0 (23.5-93.9) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
6 | Automatic feed pellet boilers | 0.102 (0.0693-0.142) | 30.0 (14.1-56.3) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
7 | Iron stoves | 0.142 (0.0976-0.196) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
8 | Other stoves and ovens | 10.2 (7.86-12.8) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
9 | Low-emission stoves | 0 | 80 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
10 | Open fireplaces | 0.163 (0.111-0.224) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
11 | Supplementary wood-heated residential buildings | 14.0 (10.7-17.4) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
12 | Iron stoves | 0.212 (0.135-0.316) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
13 | Other stoves and ovens | 13.6 (10.4-16.9) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
14 | Low-emission stoves | 0 | 80 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
15 | Open fireplaces | 0.222 (0.14-0.332) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
16 | Recreational buildings | 5.00 (4.50-5.50) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
17 | Iron stoves | 0.782 (0.372-1.37) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
18 | Other stoves and ovens | 3.96 (3.19-4.59) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
19 | Open fireplaces | 0.262 (0.118-0.477) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
Karvosenoja et al. 2008 [8]
The table below contains the current situation for Kuopio and Basel. Kuopio uses 'District', and Basel uses 'Long-distance heating'.
Obs | Heating | Burner | Fuel | Fraction | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Wood | Domestic | Wood | 1 | |
2 | Oil | Domestic | Light oil | 1 | |
3 | Gas | Domestic | Gas | 1 | |
4 | Heating oil | Domestic | Light oil | 1 | |
5 | Other sources | Domestic | Other sources | 1 | |
6 | No energy source | Domestic | Other sources | 1 | |
7 | Geothermal | Grid | Electricity | 0.3 | |
8 | Centrifuge, hydro-extractor | Grid | Electricity | 0.3 | Not quite clear what this is but presumably a heat pump. |
9 | Solar heater/ collector | Grid | Electricity | 0.1 | Use only; life-cycle impacts omitted. |
10 | Electricity | Grid | Electricity | 1 | |
11 | Long-distance heating | Large fluidized bed | Gas | 1 | |
12 | Coal | Large fluidized bed | Coal | 1 | |
13 | District | Large fluidized bed | Wood | 0.1 | |
14 | District | Large fluidized bed | Peat | 0.85 | |
15 | District | Large fluidized bed | Heavy oil | 0.05 |
Obs | Burner | Fuel | PM2.5 | CO2 | CO2official | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Domestic | Wood | 80.0 (37.6-150) | 74200 | 0 | Manual feed boilers with accumulator tank (Karvosenoja et al. 2008) |
2 | Domestic | Light oil | 0-10 | 74200 | 74200 | Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh |
3 | Domestic | Other sources | 0-10 | 74200 | 74200 | Same as oil. |
4 | Domestic | Gas | 0-3 | 55650 | 55650 | For PM2.5: one third of that of oil. For CO2: 3/4 of that of oil. |
5 | Large fuildized bed | Gas | 0-3 | 55650 | 55650 | For PM2.5: one third of that of oil. For CO2: 3/4 of that of oil. |
6 | Large fluidized bed | Coal | 2-20 | 106000 | 106000 | Same as peat. |
7 | Large fluidized bed | Wood | 2-20 | 74200 | 0 | Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Karvosenoja et al., 2008 |
8 | Large fluidized bed | Peat | 2-20 | 106000 | 106000 | Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Peat 382 kg /MWh |
9 | Large fluidized bed | Heavy oil | 8-22 | 106000 | 106000 | Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Peat 382 kg /MWh |
10 | Grid | Electricity | 1-10 | 53000 | 212000 | 50 % of large-scale burning (because of nuclear and hydro). Heavy oil 279 kg /MWh. Officially, electricity is not CHP but requires a double amount of coal to produce it. |
See Emission factors for burning processes
Calculations for ovariables
Other preliminary calculations
See also
Keywords
References
- ↑ Pöyry 2011: Kuopion kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen vähentämismahdollisuudet v 2020 mennessä. [1]
- ↑ Energiapolar/Arvioi sähkönkulutus[2]
- ↑ Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys[3]
- ↑ Gens 2012 [4]
- ↑ Haverinen-Shaughnessy 2010 [5]
- ↑ Haverinen-Shaughnessy et al. 2012 [6]
- ↑ Turunen et al. 2010 [7]
- ↑ Karvosenoja et al. 2008 [8]
Related files
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