Difference between revisions of "Climate change"

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This page contains a description of causes and effects of what is commonly referred to as climate using the Pyrkilo method. The data used in this assessment is composed of 10 climate change related articles by 10 invited experts published in Helsingin Sanomat during Summer 2006.
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[[Category:Climate change]]
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{{encyclopedia|moderator=Mikko Pohjola}}
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'''Climate change''' typically refers to the global change of climatic patterns due to human activities, notably the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. For more description, see [[:Category:Climate change]] or [[:en:Climate change|Climate change]] in [[Wikipedia]].
  
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The description currently only includes the variables that are upstream from climate variable.
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The text from a [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Climate_change&oldid=12136 previous version] was moved to [[Dependencies of climate change]].
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The downstream-side of the description will be added later.
 
  
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== Focus of the description ==
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==See also==
  
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# Base-level focus: to describe the causes and effects of climate as a compilation of the contributions of the 10 writers
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* [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/379na6.pdf Low-carbon technology policy success factors assessed]
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# Meta-level focus: to try the applicability of pyrkilo method for describing such a complex issue as a net of variables
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* [http://uppsalainitiativet.blogspot.se/2014/05/guest-post-by-lennart-bengtsson-my-view.html  My view on climate research by Lennart Bengtsson]
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* [http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/introduction U.S. National Climate Assessment 2014] [http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/downloads downloads]
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* [http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2546 Climate change is a health emergency] (BMJ 2014; 348 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2546)
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* [http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/share-your-info/tools European Climate Adaptation Platform]: Share your info
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* [http://www.lowcarbonplatform.fi/yhteistoimintamalli.html Low carbon platform] (by VTT, VATT, Metla, GTK)
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* [http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?contentid=298715&lan=en&clan=en Caravan]: Climate change: a regional assessment of vulnerability and adaptive capacity for the Nordic countries (by Tim Carter et al, SYKE)
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* [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgrd.50171/abstract Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment] (T.C. Bond et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospeheres Online ePub 15 Jan 2013. {{doi|10.1002/jgrd.50171}}
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* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17628146 BBC: Are Denmark's renewable energy goals wishful thinking?]
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* [[:Category:Climate change]]
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* [[:en:Climate change|Climate change]]
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* [http://news.aaas.org/2012_annual_meeting/0219science-is-not-enough-1.shtml Scientists Offer Passionate, Innovative Ways to Engage the Public on Climate Change]
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* Keskitalo, E. Carina H. (Ed.): [http://www.springer.com/environment/global+change+-+climate+change/book/978-90-481-9324-0 Developing Adaptation Policy and Practice in Europe: Multi-level Governance of Climate Change], Springer, 2010.
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* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/climatechange/7537521/James-Lovelock-humans-are-too-stupid-to-prevent-climate-change-says-maverick-scientist.html James Lovelock: 'humans too stupid to stop climate change', says maverick scientist]
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* [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6063/1616.1.full Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union] Climate Outlook Looking Much The Same, or Even Worse
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* [http://www.ilmastofoorumi.fi/ Ilmastofoorumi] a Finnish layman society, skeptic about climate change
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* [http://ktkblog.kuluttajatutkimus.fi/ilmastoareena/ Ilmastoareena] the Climate Arena, organised by Kuluttajatutkimuskeskus and http://www.wwviews.org/
  
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== Scope of the description ==
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==References==
  
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All input from all of the 10 writers are accepted as contributions. In addition, the moderator of the exercise has the right to include additonal material where needed to make implicit issues explicit, to fill in important gaps if they shall exist and to make the overall description coherent.
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<references/>
  
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* The spatial scope is primarily global, but some phenomena are also considered on regional and local scopes as well
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==Related files==
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* The temporal scope of different variables by different contributors varies approximately within the orders of 10<sup>1</sup> to 10<sup>5</sup> years
 
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* All causes and effects of climate change mentioned in the articles are considered
 
  
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== Moderator ==
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{{mfiles}}
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Mikko Pohjola --[[User:Mikko Pohjola|Mikko]]
 
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== Causal chain diagram ==
 
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(The graph currently only covers the variables upstream from ''climate'' variable)
 
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[[Image:Climate_variable_chart.PNG]]
 
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== Variable descriptions ==
 
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=== Solar activity ===
 
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'''Name''': Solar activity
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The radiation output of sun. Variations in the output happen in the scope of approximately 10<sup>1</sup> years. As a source of energy, sun can be considered as continuous within the scope of the whole assessment.
 
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'''Description''':
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006
 
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*Mikko Alestalo, Ilmasto muuttuu 2, Helsingin Sanomat 30.6.2006
 
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=== Earth's positioning ===
 
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'''Name''': Earth's positioning in relation to sun
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The distance from sun and alignment of Earth. Temporally in the order of 10<sup>4</sup>-10<sup>5</sup> years
 
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'''Description''': Based on Milankovich's astronomical theory of climate change, complemented with orbital inclination. The factors include:
 
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*Orbital shape
 
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*Axial tilt
 
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*Axial orientation
 
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*Orbital inclination
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006
 
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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles About Milankovich's astronomical theory of climate change]
 
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=== Solar energy input ===
 
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'''Name''': Solar energy input
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The amount of energy as solar radiation that enters the Earth's climatic system. Global spatiotemporal distribution.
 
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'''Description''':
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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*[[#Solar activity]]
 
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*[[#Earth's positioning in relation to sun]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006
 
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=== Volcanic activity ===
 
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'''Name''': Volcanic activity
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The heat producing processes that take place inside the Earth's core
 
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'''Description''': Manifestations of volcanic activity are:
 
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*Volcano eruptions
 
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*Tectonic movement
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006
 
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*Mikko Alestalo, Ilmasto muuttuu 2, Helsingin Sanomat 30.6.2006
 
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=== Earth surface ===
 
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'''Name''': Earth surface
 
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'''Focus and scope''': Composition of the surface layer of the Earth. Distribution of land and water areas, vertical variation of the land areas, distribution of biota on the land areas and in the water areas.
 
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'''Description''': Includes:
 
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*Land
 
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*Sea
 
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*Biota
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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*[[#Volcanic activity]]
 
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*[[#Human activity]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006
 
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*Esko Kuusisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 3, Helsingin Sanomat 3.7.2006
 
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=== Weathering ===
 
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'''Name''': Weathering
 
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'''Focus and scope''':
 
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'''Description''': The weathering slowly decreases the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere.
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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*[[#Earth surface]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006
 
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=== World politics ===
 
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'''Name''': World politics
 
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'''Focus and scope''':
 
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'''Description''':
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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=== Human population ===
 
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'''Name''': Human population
 
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'''Focus and scope''':
 
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'''Description''':
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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=== Human activity ===
 
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'''Name''': Human activity
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The human activities that have impact on the climate system. Spatially from local to global.
 
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'''Description''':
 
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*Land use
 
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*Emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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*[[#Human population]]
 
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*[[#World politics]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Mikko Alestalo, Ilmasto muuttuu 2, Helsingin Sanomat 30.6.2006
 
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*Esko Kuusisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 3, Helsingin Sanomat 3.7.2006
 
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=== Atmosphere composition ===
 
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'''Name''': Composition of the atmosphere
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The gases and airborne particulate matter that affect the greenhouse effect.
 
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'''Description''':
 
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*CO<sub>2</sub> concentration
 
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*H<sub>2</sub>O concentration (+cloud formation)
 
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*Other greenhouse gases
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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*[[#Human activity]]
 
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*[[#Weathering]]
 
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*[[#Earth surface]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Mikko Alestalo, Ilmasto muuttuu 2, Helsingin Sanomat 30.6.2006
 
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*Esko Kuusisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 3, Helsingin Sanomat 3.7.2006
 
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*Jarl R. Ahlbeck, Ilmasto muttuu 4, Helsingin Sanomat 5.7.2006
 
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=== Solar radiation reflection ===
 
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'''Name''': Reflected solar radiation
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The sunlight that is reflected back to the space from the atmosphere and Earth surface.
 
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'''Description''':
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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*[[#Earth surface]]
 
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*[[#Composition of the atmosphere]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Esko Kuusisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 3, Helsingin Sanomat 3.7.2006
 
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*Jarl R. Ahlbeck, Ilmasto muttuu 4, Helsingin Sanomat 5.7.2006
 
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=== Absorbed energy ===
 
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'''Name''': Absorbed energy
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The total energy that is absorbed to the climatic system of the Earth in various forms.
 
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'''Description''':
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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*[[#Reflected solar radiation]]
 
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*[[#Composition of the atmosphere]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Markku Wilenius, Ilmasto muuttuu 5, Helsingin Sanomat 7.7.2006
 
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=== Flows ===
 
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'''Name''': Flows
 
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'''Focus and scope''': Air- and waterflows that transfer heat horizontally on the globe.
 
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'''Description''':
 
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*Air flows
 
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*Sea currents
 
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'''Inputs''':
 
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*[[#Earth surface]]
 
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*[[#Absorbed energy]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006
 
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=== Climate ===
 
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'''Name''': Climate
 
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'''Focus and scope''': The phenomena that are together commonly perceived as climate. Temporal variation from minutes (weather) to > 10<sup>5</sup> years, spatial variation from very local to global.
 
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'''Description''': Distributions of different factors and especially the extreme phenomena are of greatest interest. Factors include:
 
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*Temperature
 
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*Humidity
 
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*Wind (speed and direction)
 
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*Precipitation (amount and type)
 
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'''Iputs''':
 
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*[[#Absorbed energy]]
 
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*[[#Flows]]
 
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'''Contributors''':
 
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*Matti Saarnisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 1, Helsingin Sanomat 28.6.2006
 
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*Mikko Alestalo, Ilmasto muuttuu 2, Helsingin Sanomat 30.6.2006
 
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*Esko kuusisto, Ilmasto muuttuu 3, Helsingin Sanomat 3.7.2006
 
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*Jarl R. Ahlbeck, Ilmasto muttuu 4, Helsingin Sanomat 5.7.2006
 

Latest revision as of 12:17, 14 August 2014


Climate change typically refers to the global change of climatic patterns due to human activities, notably the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. For more description, see Category:Climate change or Climate change in Wikipedia.

The text from a previous version was moved to Dependencies of climate change.

See also

References


Related files

<mfanonymousfilelist></mfanonymousfilelist>

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