Discussion structure
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Contents
Scope
- Research question about the structure of a discussion
- What is a structure for a discussion about an attribute such that it
- is applicable to any discussion about any attribute in an assessment,
- can be applied both a priori (to structure a discussion to be held) and a posteriori (to restructure a discussion already held),
- complies with the pragma-dialectics.
Definition
The structure of the discussion follows the principles of the pragma-dialectics.[1]R↻
Result
The discussion has four parts:
- The explication of a dispute. It consists of two or more conflicting statements, each of which is promoted by a discussant. There is always an implicit statement that none of the explicit statements are true. Therefore, it is enough to explicate one statement.
- The argumentation, which contains the actual discussion and is organised as hierarchical threads of arguments. Each argument is either an attack against or a defence for a argument (called target). A target argument may also be an original statement. As arguments always point to another argument, they form a hierarchical thread structure. It is also possible to use coordinative arguments where two or more arguments together act like one argument. Each argument is valid unless it has no proponents (a discussant promoting the argument) or it is attacked by a valid argument. In addition to attacks and defences, also comments can be used for asking or offering clarification; comments do not affect the validity of the target argument.
- The resolution is the outcome of the discussion. A full resolution is found when only one of the original statements remains valid. Partial resolutions are situations where some statements have been successfully invalidated, but there are still several conflicting but valid statements. The contents of the resolutions is transferred to the actual contents of the attribute. It should be noted that resolutions are always temporary, as even fully resolved discussions can be opened again with new arguments.
- The nuggets, which are mainly used in a posteriori discussions. Nuggets are freely structured text containing the original discussion, from which the actual argumentation is then restructured. A nugget cannot be changed afterwards, and in this respect it is a different kind of contribution than all other parts in open assessment.
References
- ↑ Eemeren, F.H. van, & Grootendorst, R. (2004). A systematic theory of argumentation: The pragma-dialectical approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
