ERF of omega-3 fatty acids

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Question

What is the exposure-response function (ERF) of omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer

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Rationale

Exposure-response of fish oil intake for MI risk in adults is indexed by variable age. It applies to the last two age categories.

Data

ERF

ERF of omega-3 fatty acids(-)

Obs	Exposure agent	Trait	Response metric	Exposure route	Exposure metric	Exposure unit	ERF parameter	Threshold	ERF	Description
1	DHA	Child´s IQ	Change in IQ points	Placenta	Maternal intake	mg/kg bw/day	ERS	0	0.07 +- 0.01	Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013
2	Omega3	CHD	Δlog(CHD mortality rate)	Ingestion	Intake from fish	mg/day EPA+DHA	RR	0	0.9802 +- 0.000389	Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 SD = exp(-0.02)-exp(-0.02+3.97E-4)
3	Fish	Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)	Prevalence	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	≥3 times/week vs. <1/month	RR	0	0.74 (0.54 - 1.01)	Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
4	Fish	Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct	Prevalence	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	Each one serving per week	RR	0	0.93 (0.88 - 0.994)	Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
5	Fish	Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)	Incidence	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	≥3 times/week vs. <1/month	RR	0	0.56 (0.30 - 1.07)	Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
6	Fish	Any incident subclinical brain infarct	Incidence	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	Each one serving per week	RR	0	0.89 (0.78 - 0.993)	Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
7	Fish	Status of cerebral white matter	Grade score	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	Each one serving per week	1 /grade score	0	0.038	Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI
8	TEQ	Developmental dental defects incl. agenesis	Yes/No according to "Developmental Defects of Enamel Index"	Ingestion etc. (as it was in Seveso)	log(TCDD serum concentration+1)	ng/kg in fat	ERS	0	0.26 +- 0.12	Alaluusua et al. 2004; PL Gradowska PhD thesis 2013; ERF:n laatu on epäselvä
9	TEQ	Cancer	Lifetime probability of developing cancer	Ingestion	Intake	kg bw d /mg	Oral CSF	0	156000	US EPA
10	MeHg	Childhood intelligence	IQ change	Placenta	Maternal MeHg concentration in hair	ug /g	ERS	0	-0.7 (-1.5 - 0)

ERF publications

ERF data as described in original articles

Exposure agent	Trait	Response metric	Exposure route	Exposure metric	Exposure unit	ERF parameter	Threshold	ERF	Description
DHA	Child´s IQ	Change in IQ points	Placenta	Maternal intake	mg/kg bw/day	ERS	0	0.07(±0.01)	Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013
Omega3	CHD	Δlog(CHD mortality rate)	Ingestion	Intake from fish	mg/day EPA+DHA	ERS	0	-0.002 (±3.97E-4)	Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013
Fish	Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)	Prevalence	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	=3 times/week vs. <1/month	RR	0	0.74(0.54-1.01)	Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish	Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct	Prevalence	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	Each one serving per week	Decrease in RR %	0	7(0.6-12)	Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish	Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)	Incidence	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	=3 times/week vs. <1/month	RR	0	0.56(0.30-1.07)	Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish	Any incident subclinical brain infarct	Incidence	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	Each one serving per week	Decrease in RR %	0	11(0.7-22)	Virtanen et al. 2008
Fish	Status of cerebral white matter	Grade score	Ingestion	Intake of tuna/other fish	Each one serving per week	Increase in grade score %	0	3.8	Virtanen et al. 2008
TEQ	Developmental dental defects incl. agenesis	Yes/No according to "Developmental Defects of Enamel Index"	Ingestion etc. (as it was in Seveso)	log(TCDD serum concentration+1)	ng/kg in fat	ERS	0	0.26 (±0.12)	Alaluusua et al. 2004; PL Gradowska PhD thesis 2013
TEQ	Cancer	Lifetime probability of developing cancer	Ingestion	Intake	(mg/kg bw/d)^-1	Oral CSF	0	156000	US EPA
MeHg	Childhood intelligence	IQ change	Placenta	Maternal MeHg concentration in hair	ug /g	ERS	0	-1.5;-0.7;0

The study by Cohen et al. 2005 estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points D↷. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used.

Study by Cohen et al[1] finds that prenatal MeHg exposure sufficient to increase the concentration of mercury in maternal hair at parturition by 1 µg/g decreases IQ by 0.7 points. The paper identifies important sources of uncertainty influencing this estimate, concluding that the plausible range of values for this loss is 0 to 1.5 IQ points. A triangular distribution with parameters: min = 0, mode = 0.7 and max = 1.5 was created. Distribution by author judgement. See ERF of methyl mercury.

Data also from (some pages should be merged)

• ERF of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD risk in adults
• ERF of fish intake on neurological disorders in adults
• ERF of TCDD
• ERF of dioxin
• ERF of methyl mercury

Incidences

Incidences(#/py)

Obs	Trait	Response metric	Age	Incidence	Description
1	CHD	Incidence	Adult	0.0025	10000 CHD deaths per 4000000 py in Finland
2	Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)	Incidence	Adult	0.0025	guesswork

Unit

IQ points/(100mg omega-3/d)