Difference between revisions of "Emission assessment of small-scale energy production in the Helsinki metropolitan area"

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** directly from the activity itself of the greenhouse trade  
 
** directly from the activity itself of the greenhouse trade  
 
** new district heating extension costs
 
** new district heating extension costs
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* Decisions:
 
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** International: base-case and possible/interesting variations to the EU emission trading system (taken as an outside boundary condition) D↷
 
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** City-level decisions: D↷
 
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*** Extension of the district heating/cooling system to less-populated areas (Yes/No). This may take place in building small-scale (2-10 MW oil/wood chip power plants)
 
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*** Subsidies for improving energy efficiency in buildings (Yes/No)
 
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*** Area planning and land use (Dense vs. loose city structure for new buildings)
 
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*** One nuclear power plant is built in Finland, and the heat load is utilised in the district heating of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
 
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*** Choice of fuel for district heating
 
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** Citizen-level decisions:
 
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*** Choice of the heating system in the own single-family house (Electricity/Oil/Wood chip) (see Bioher)
 
  
 
=== Scenarios ===
 
=== Scenarios ===

Revision as of 12:39, 26 January 2009


Scope

Purpose

This assessments purpose is to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions and cost which are caused in under 50 MW plants for heating in Helsinki Metropolitan Area.

Boundaries

  • Spatial: Helsinki Metropolitan Area (Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen).
  • Emissions: CO2, PM2.5.
  • Heating methods:
    • District heating, All < 50 MW district heating plants.
    • Single-Family house heating methods.
  • Fuels: All (H/L oil, Pellet, Chip, Gas, Coal).
  • Other impacts: Costs
    • directly from the activity itself of the greenhouse trade
    • new district heating extension costs

Scenarios

Base-case:

  • Current district heating status in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
    • emissions
    • fuels used in plants
    • city's need for heat
    • costs

Future scenarios:

  • Changes in district heating network:
    • expansion?
    • costs, especially what does emission trading affect on costs
    • new plants

Intented users

  • Local district heating distributors in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
  • Participants of the | World Wide Views on Global Warming stakeholder meetings
  • Participants of the COP-15 meeting in Copenhagen
  • City-level policy-makers in all sectors in Helsinki Metropolitan Area as well as everywhere else
  • International policy-makers related to climate change
  • General public
  • Scientists working on climate change and related fields of study

Participants

  • The Assessment and Modeling unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare of Finland, THL.
    • Jouni Tuomisto (leading researcher)
    • Pasi Sorsa (assisting researcher)
  • Funded by Bioher-project

Definition

Deficion variables

  • Decisions:
    • International: Options of the international greenhouse gas trade mechanisms
    • City-level decisions:
      • Extension of the district heating/cooling system to less-populated areas (Yes/No). This may take place in building small-scale (2-10 MW oil/wood chip power plants)
      • Subsidies for improving energy efficiency in buildings (Yes/No)
      • Area planning and land use (Dense vs. loose city structure for new buildings)
    • Citizen-level decisions:
      • Choice of the heating system in the own single-family house (Electricity/Oil/Wood chip)(see Bioher)

Decision variables related to the international treaty:

What are the instruments used?

  • CO2 trade
  • Energy tax
  • Other taxes
  • Emission limits
  • Bans of activity

Major questions

  • Which countries participate in the GHG trade?
  • Which sectors are covered?
  • Which pollutants are covered?
    • CO2
    • N2O
    • CH4
    • CFC
    • Land albedo
    • PM2.5
  • To whom are the quotas given/sold?
  • What is the initial price of the quota?
  • What is the level of ambition (i.e. the amount of quota that is distributed)?
  • What sanctions are forced on those outside the treaty?

Indicator variables

  • Cost and profit
  • Emissions

Other variables

  • Outdoor temperature
  • Housing stock
  • Consumption of heat
  • Heat production

Indicies

  • Time: Years 2009, 2020?

Analyses

  • Analyses for under 50 MW district heating plants and single-family heating methods in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
    • fine particles PM2.5 and CO2 emissions
    • costs

Result

Results

Pending...

Conclutions

Pending...

See also

References

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