Emission assessment of small-scale energy production in the Helsinki metropolitan area

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Scope

Purpose

This assessments purpose is to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions and cost which are caused by small-scale energy production in Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Small-scale energy production means other used heating methods than district heating and those district heating units, which thermal energy output is less than 50 MW, in this assessment.

Also nuclear plant potential to produce thermal energy to district heating network of Helsinki and affects are assessed.

Boundaries

  • Spatial: Helsinki Metropolitan Area (Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen).
  • Emissions: CO2, PM2.5.
  • Heating methods:
    • District heating
    • The others
  • Fuels: All (H/L oil, Pellet, Chip, Gas, Coal).
  • Other impacts: Costs
    • directly from the activity itself of the greenhouse trade
    • new district heating extension costs

Scenarios

Base-case:

  • Current district heating status in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
    • emissions
    • fuels used in plants
    • city's need for heat
    • costs

Future scenarios:

  • Changes in district heating network:
    • expansion?
    • costs, especially what does emission trading affect on costs
    • new plants

Intented users

  • Local district heating distributors in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
  • Participants of the | World Wide Views on Global Warming stakeholder meetings
  • Participants of the COP-15 meeting in Copenhagen
  • City-level policy-makers in all sectors in Helsinki Metropolitan Area as well as everywhere else
  • International policy-makers related to climate change
  • General public
  • Scientists working on climate change and related fields of study

Participants

  • The Assessment and Modeling unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare of Finland, THL.
    • Jouni Tuomisto (leading researcher, person in chrage)
    • Pasi Sorsa (assisting researcher, executing the assessment)
  • Funded by Bioher-project

Definition

GABI software model parameters: File:Parameters, gabi-model.xls.

Decision variables

  • Decisions:
    • International: Options of the international greenhouse gas trade mechanisms

Indicator variables

  • Cost and profit
  • Emissions

Other variables

  • Outdoor temperature
  • Housing stock
  • Consumption of heat
  • Structure of thermal energy production

Indicies

  • Time: Years 2007, 2013, 2020 and 2030.

Analyses

  • Analyses for small scale district heating plants and other used heating methods in Helsinki Metropolitan Area
    • fine particles PM2.5 and CO2 emissions
    • costs

Result

Results

Base scenario: District heating network is same as in 2007.

Small scale units of district heating 2007 2013 2020 2030 2020 nuclear 2030 nuclear
Carbon dioxide [1000*t] 23,736901 25,05452635 26,33543565 27,21867413 26,33548213 27,21867413
PM2,5 [t] 0,223085076 0,235691789 0,247576112 0,255774353 0,247577401 0,255774353
Other used heating methods 2007 2013 2020 2030 2020 nuclear 2030 nuclear
Carbon dioxide [1000*t] 799,3583443 1013,841363 1242,266809 1484,627024 1242,266809 1484,627024
PM2,5 [t] 500,5342257 638,6252512 785,3273172 930,4654844 785,3273172 930,4654844

2020 Nuclear and 2030 Nuclear in the table are emissions for situation, where the new nuclear plant is built to Loviisa and connected to district heating network of Helsinki.

Scenario 1: District heating network is expanded so, that it fraction of the total floor area in Helsinki Metropolitan area cities are same as in 2007.

Small scale units of district heating 2007 2013 2020 2030 2020 nuclear 2030 nuclear
Carbon dioxide [1000*t] 23,736901 25,05452635 26,33543565 27,21867413 26,33548213 27,21867413
PM2,5 [t] 0,223085076 0,235691789 0,247576112 0,255774353 0,247577401 0,255774353
Other used heating methods 2007 2013 2020 2030 2020 nuclear 2030 nuclear
Carbon dioxide [1000*t] 799,3583443 824,0900228 852,9439137 894,163926 852,9439137 894,163926
PM2,5 [t] 500,5342257 513,8023322 529,2818828 551,3956202 529,2818828 551,3956202

Scenario 2: Buildings, which use district heating, floor area fraction of total floor area in cities increases as in figure 1.

Figure 1. Buildings, which use district heating, floor area fraction of the total floor area. Increase is estimated to be as it has been between years 2000-2008.

Small scale units of district heating 2007 2013 2020 2030 2020 nuclear 2030 nuclear
Carbon dioxide [1000*t] 23,736901 25,05452635 26,33543565 27,21867413 26,33548213 27,21867413
PM2,5 [t] 0,223085076 0,235691789 0,247576112 0,255774353 0,247577401 0,255774353
Other used heating methods 2007 2013 2020 2030 2020 nuclear 2030 nuclear
Carbon dioxide [1000*t] 799,3583443 762,2642232 731,6912344 681,4132806 731,6912344 681,4132806
PM2,5 [t] 500,5342257 479,6810885 461,526094 432,2396894 461,526094 432,2396894

Conclutions

Pending...

See also

References

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