Difference between revisions of "Energy supply policies in Europe"
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===Data=== | ===Data=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The consumer policies affecting the energy demand are listed in [[Energy efficiency policies on domestic appliances in Europe]]. | ||
===Dependencies=== | ===Dependencies=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[European climate scenarios]] | ||
===Unit=== | ===Unit=== | ||
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{{resultlink}} | {{resultlink}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| {{prettytable}} | ||
+ | |+'''Possible policy combinations of energy supply policies in Europe. | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | !colspan="2"|European climate policies | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | !Policy | ||
+ | !European BAU | ||
+ | !European policy scenario | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Basic energy policy | ||
+ | |None of the policies below | ||
+ | |All of the policies below | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More nuclear energy in power production | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More biofuels in power production | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More renewables in power production | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Reduced gas leaks | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More combined heat and power | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Liquid biofuels in transport | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Electricity in transport | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Gas, hydrogen etc in transport | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More biomass in heat production | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More natural gas in heat production | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Carbon capture and storage | ||
+ | |None except this | ||
+ | |All except this | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | For the logic of the assessment table above, see the explanation on [[Road transport policies in Europe#Result]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {| {{prettytable}} | ||
+ | |+'''Description of energy policy options in Europe. | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | !Policy | ||
+ | !Reference (BAU) | ||
+ | !Policy option | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | | More nuclear energy in power production | ||
+ | | No new nuclear energy | ||
+ | | Increase nuclear energy by 50 %, reduce hard coal and lignite by the same amount. | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More biofuels in power production | ||
+ | | No change in biofuels (3 % of total energy supply). | ||
+ | | Increase the amount of biofuels to 20 % of the total energy supply. Reduce natural gas, hard coal and lignite by the same amount (60 % reduction?) | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More renewables in power production | ||
+ | | No new renewables (keep to current 14 % of total energy supply). | ||
+ | | Increase renewables to 35 % by increasing photovoltaic cells*10, wind*8, hydro*1.5. Reduce hard coal and lignite by the same amount. | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Reduced gas leaks | ||
+ | | No new actions to gas pipes. | ||
+ | | Clear improvements with gas pipes and considerable reduction in leakages. | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More combined heat and power (CHP) | ||
+ | | No change in production of combined heat and power. | ||
+ | | Considerable increase in CHP (how much?). Reduce coal and lignite by the amount that primary fuel is reduced. | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Liquid biofuels in transport | ||
+ | | No additional biofuels in transport. | ||
+ | | 4700 PJ/a of additional biofuels in transport. Source of biofuel? | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Electricity in transport | ||
+ | | No new electric vehicles? | ||
+ | | 30 % of new cars are electric (see [[Road transport policies in Europe]]). What is the increase in electricity need? | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Gas, hydrogen etc in transport | ||
+ | | No major change? | ||
+ | | The [[Road transport policies in Europe]] only assume increased hybrid and electric cars. Should there be hydrogen or gas as well? | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More biomass in heat production | ||
+ | | No change in biofuels (3 % of total energy supply). | ||
+ | | Increase the amount of biofuels to 20 % of the total energy supply. Reduce natural gas, hard coal and lignite by the same amount (60 % reduction?) | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |More natural gas in heat production | ||
+ | | ? | ||
+ | | ? | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |Carbon capture and storage | ||
+ | | No carbon capture and storage (CCS). | ||
+ | | Increase CCS in coal, lignite, and natural gas plants (how much?). No change in total energy production. | ||
+ | |---- | ||
+ | |} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== |
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Contents
Scope
What are potential energy supply policies in Europe (EU-30) during the period 2010-2050 such that
- they maintain or improve the energy supply system,
- they help to achieve the climate change mitigation targets,
- they are economically feasible?
Definition
Data
- The consumer policies affecting the energy demand are listed in Energy efficiency policies on domestic appliances in Europe.
Dependencies
Unit
-
Formula
Result
European climate policies | ||
---|---|---|
Policy | European BAU | European policy scenario |
Basic energy policy | None of the policies below | All of the policies below |
More nuclear energy in power production | None except this | All except this |
More biofuels in power production | None except this | All except this |
More renewables in power production | None except this | All except this |
Reduced gas leaks | None except this | All except this |
More combined heat and power | None except this | All except this |
Liquid biofuels in transport | None except this | All except this |
Electricity in transport | None except this | All except this |
Gas, hydrogen etc in transport | None except this | All except this |
More biomass in heat production | None except this | All except this |
More natural gas in heat production | None except this | All except this |
Carbon capture and storage | None except this | All except this |
For the logic of the assessment table above, see the explanation on Road transport policies in Europe#Result.
Policy | Reference (BAU) | Policy option |
---|---|---|
More nuclear energy in power production | No new nuclear energy | Increase nuclear energy by 50 %, reduce hard coal and lignite by the same amount. |
More biofuels in power production | No change in biofuels (3 % of total energy supply). | Increase the amount of biofuels to 20 % of the total energy supply. Reduce natural gas, hard coal and lignite by the same amount (60 % reduction?) |
More renewables in power production | No new renewables (keep to current 14 % of total energy supply). | Increase renewables to 35 % by increasing photovoltaic cells*10, wind*8, hydro*1.5. Reduce hard coal and lignite by the same amount. |
Reduced gas leaks | No new actions to gas pipes. | Clear improvements with gas pipes and considerable reduction in leakages. |
More combined heat and power (CHP) | No change in production of combined heat and power. | Considerable increase in CHP (how much?). Reduce coal and lignite by the amount that primary fuel is reduced. |
Liquid biofuels in transport | No additional biofuels in transport. | 4700 PJ/a of additional biofuels in transport. Source of biofuel? |
Electricity in transport | No new electric vehicles? | 30 % of new cars are electric (see Road transport policies in Europe). What is the increase in electricity need? |
Gas, hydrogen etc in transport | No major change? | The Road transport policies in Europe only assume increased hybrid and electric cars. Should there be hydrogen or gas as well? |
More biomass in heat production | No change in biofuels (3 % of total energy supply). | Increase the amount of biofuels to 20 % of the total energy supply. Reduce natural gas, hard coal and lignite by the same amount (60 % reduction?) |
More natural gas in heat production | ? | ? |
Carbon capture and storage | No carbon capture and storage (CCS). | Increase CCS in coal, lignite, and natural gas plants (how much?). No change in total energy production. |