Difference between revisions of "Exposure-response function"
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m (Jouni moved page Exposure-response relationship to Exposure-response function: more widely used term) |
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| − | {{variable|Exposure-response functions | + | {{variable|moderator=Jouni}} |
| + | [[Category:Exposure-response functions]] | ||
[[Category:Glossary term]]<section begin=glossary /> | [[Category:Glossary term]]<section begin=glossary /> | ||
| − | :'''Exposure-response | + | :'''Exposure-response function (ERF)''' (or exposure-response relationship) is the relationship between the exposure of a given organism, system, or (sub)population to an agent in a specific pattern during a given time and the magnitude of a continuously graded effect to that organism, system, or (sub)population. |
| − | + | :This term has several related terms that may have slightly different meaning. Effect and response are interchangeable words. Also the word ''function'' is used instead of ''relationship''. In Opasnet, we use the term '''exposure-response function (or ERF)''' as the generic term for different kinds of relationships. Often the exposure metric is more specifically defined in an alternative term. Two common examples: | |
| − | :This term has several related terms that may have slightly different meaning. Effect and response are interchangeable words. Also the word ''function'' is used instead of ''relationship''. | ||
:;Concentration-effect relationship: Relationship between the exposure, expressed in concentration, of a given organism, system, or (sub)population to an agent in a specific pattern during a given time and the magnitude of a continuously graded effect to that organism, system, or (sub)population. The concentration is measured at a defined site. <ref name="IPCS_WHO">[http://www.who.int/ipcs/en/ IPCS_WHO]</ref> | :;Concentration-effect relationship: Relationship between the exposure, expressed in concentration, of a given organism, system, or (sub)population to an agent in a specific pattern during a given time and the magnitude of a continuously graded effect to that organism, system, or (sub)population. The concentration is measured at a defined site. <ref name="IPCS_WHO">[http://www.who.int/ipcs/en/ IPCS_WHO]</ref> | ||
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==Answer== | ==Answer== | ||
| − | An ERF is a mathematical construct describing the relationship between a response and an exposure. In the general form, it is described as a probability | + | An ERF is a mathematical construct describing the relationship between a response and an exposure. In the general form, it is described as a probability. |
==Rationale== | ==Rationale== | ||
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</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
| − | ==Technical issues== | + | === Pages with standardised ERF tables === |
| + | |||
| + | If a page has a standardised ERF data table (see an example above), the data can be automatically read and used by an R code and combined with other ERF tables. Therefore it is preferable to use the standard format. It makes modelling much easier and also enables an easy way to add more endpoints to assessments, if there are interesting exposures and available ERF tables. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The tables can contain the following columns (obligatory columns are in bold): | ||
| + | * Obs (automatic) | ||
| + | * '''Exposure.agent (index) | ||
| + | * '''Disease (index) | ||
| + | * Population (index) | ||
| + | * Age (index) | ||
| + | * Sex (index) | ||
| + | * '''Response.metric (index) | ||
| + | * '''ERF.Parameter (index) | ||
| + | * '''Exposure unit (index) | ||
| + | * '''Exposure route (index) | ||
| + | * '''Exposure metric (index) | ||
| + | * Threshold (result; if omitted, assumed to be 0) | ||
| + | * '''Result (result; may also be named as ERF) | ||
| + | * Description (description, there may be any number of description columns because they are not stored in the database) | ||
| + | |||
| + | <t2b name="Standardised ERF tables" index="Page name,Ident" obs="Code name" desc="Description"> | ||
| + | ERF of several environmental pollutions|Op_en5827|initiate|Contains ERFs for radon, PM2.5, noise, chlorinated byproducts in drinking water, arsenic, dampness in buildings, formaldehyde, fluoride, ozone, lead, dioxin, quartz dust, asbestos. | ||
| + | </t2b> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Technical issues === | ||
* In [[Opasnet]], the use of term Exposure-response function (ERF) is recommended. The pages about ERFs should be named: "ERF of <agent> on <endpoint> in <population>." | * In [[Opasnet]], the use of term Exposure-response function (ERF) is recommended. The pages about ERFs should be named: "ERF of <agent> on <endpoint> in <population>." | ||
| − | * ERFs are typically | + | * ERFs are typically [[variable]]s, and they should be categorised to [[:Category:Exposure-response functions]] |
| − | * In the [[definition]] of a variable, an ERF is | + | * In the [[definition]] of a variable, an ERF data is described as a t2b table under subheading [[Data]]. The actual ovariable that is used in models is defined in an "initiate" code under subheading Calculations. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 08:28, 18 August 2014
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- Exposure-response function (ERF) (or exposure-response relationship) is the relationship between the exposure of a given organism, system, or (sub)population to an agent in a specific pattern during a given time and the magnitude of a continuously graded effect to that organism, system, or (sub)population.
- This term has several related terms that may have slightly different meaning. Effect and response are interchangeable words. Also the word function is used instead of relationship. In Opasnet, we use the term exposure-response function (or ERF) as the generic term for different kinds of relationships. Often the exposure metric is more specifically defined in an alternative term. Two common examples:
- Concentration-effect relationship
- Relationship between the exposure, expressed in concentration, of a given organism, system, or (sub)population to an agent in a specific pattern during a given time and the magnitude of a continuously graded effect to that organism, system, or (sub)population. The concentration is measured at a defined site. [1]
- Dose-response relationship
- Relationship between the amount of an agent administered to, taken up by, or absorbed by an organism, system, or (sub)population and the change developed in that organism, system,or (sub)population in reaction to the agent. [1]<section end=glossary />
Contents
Question
What is such a representation for ERF that it fulfills the following criteria?
- It is widely applicable to all kinds of agents, exposures, and responses.
- A single ERF is widely applicable, within its domain, to different situations and populations.
- It is mathematically clear so that impact calculations can be operationalised based on it.
Answer
An ERF is a mathematical construct describing the relationship between a response and an exposure. In the general form, it is described as a probability.
Rationale
By nature, a response to an agent occurs at individual level (with some exceptions such as agents affecting herd immunity). Thus, the individual response should be the basic unit for ERF. If individual variation is of no interest, a population ERF can simply be expressed as the average of individual ERFs.
Example
An example of how exposure-response functions -table should be filled. Original page: Concentration-response to PM2.5
| Obs | Disease | Response metric | Exposure route | Exposure metric | Exposure unit | Threshold | ERF parameter | ERF | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cardiopulmonary | Mortality | Inhalation | Annual average outdoor concentration | µq/m3 | 0 | Relative increase | 0.0128 | Dockery et al. 1993 and Pope et al. 2002:0.0128 (-0.0036-0.0375) |
| 2 | Lung cancer | Mortality | Inhalation | Annual average outdoor concentration | µq/m3 | 0 | Relative increase | 0.0150 | Dockery et al. 1993 and Pope et al. 2002:0.0150 (-0.0350-0.0728) |
| 3 | Other causes | Mortality | Inhalation | Annual average outdoor concentration | µq/m3 | 0 | Relative increase | 0.0008 | Dockery et al. 1993 and Pope et al. 2002:0.0008 (-0.0232-0.0252) |
| 4 | All causes | Mortality | Inhalation | Annual average outdoor concentration | µq/m3 | 0 | Relative increase | 0.0091 | Dockery et al. 1993 and Pope et al. 2002:0.0091 (-0.0019-0.0289) |
Pages with standardised ERF tables
If a page has a standardised ERF data table (see an example above), the data can be automatically read and used by an R code and combined with other ERF tables. Therefore it is preferable to use the standard format. It makes modelling much easier and also enables an easy way to add more endpoints to assessments, if there are interesting exposures and available ERF tables.
The tables can contain the following columns (obligatory columns are in bold):
- Obs (automatic)
- Exposure.agent (index)
- Disease (index)
- Population (index)
- Age (index)
- Sex (index)
- Response.metric (index)
- ERF.Parameter (index)
- Exposure unit (index)
- Exposure route (index)
- Exposure metric (index)
- Threshold (result; if omitted, assumed to be 0)
- Result (result; may also be named as ERF)
- Description (description, there may be any number of description columns because they are not stored in the database)
You must define units. Please use syntax: unit="unit"
| Obs | Page name | Ident | Code name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ERF of several environmental pollutions | Op_en5827 | initiate | Contains ERFs for radon, PM2.5, noise, chlorinated byproducts in drinking water, arsenic, dampness in buildings, formaldehyde, fluoride, ozone, lead, dioxin, quartz dust, asbestos. |
Technical issues
- In Opasnet, the use of term Exposure-response function (ERF) is recommended. The pages about ERFs should be named: "ERF of <agent> on <endpoint> in <population>."
- ERFs are typically variables, and they should be categorised to Category:Exposure-response functions
- In the definition of a variable, an ERF data is described as a t2b table under subheading Data. The actual ovariable that is used in models is defined in an "initiate" code under subheading Calculations.
See also
- heande:File:2013 04 03- Exposure-Response Functions DRAFT.xlsx ERFs for Urgenche
- A set of exposure-response functions from NEEDS project.
- Description of the ERF of Lden on annoyance, to exemplify the use of an ERF with a % affected type of response metric (rather than the more common "relative risk").
