Revision as of 07:56, 27 April 2009

• Analytica calculations can be found here.
• ArcMap based data of concentrations and age subpopulation can be found from N:\YTOS\Projects\BIOHER\Mallit\model of population groups\pop05_pm00 and N:\YTOS\Projects\BIOHER\Mallit\model of population groups\koulutus05_pm00 (Can't upload ArcMap data to opasnet.).

Scope

Is there any differences between exposure of Finnish subpopulations to PM_2.5 due domestic wood combustion?

Definition

This assessment is exploring the method and results of GIS (Geographical Information System) based exposure assessment of Finnish population. Exposure is evaluated for fine particles of domestic wood combustion emissions in Finland region. Concentration of PM_2.5 (fine particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) is used in exposure evaluation. In previous studies GIS has been used in evaluation of PM_2.5 dispersion and assessment of exposure for PM_2.5 (e.g. Tian et al 2004, Heinrich et al 2005, Brauer et al 2003). Intake fraction for Finnish population has evaluated to be 3.31 per million for fine particles due to domestic wood combustion emissions. In this assessment four different education and age groups in Finland are taken account to exposure evaluations for fine particles of domestic wood combustion. Differences between men and women exposure to fine particles are also studied.

Boundaries

• Exposure for fine particles PM_2.5
• Population of Finland
  • Male/female
  • Age
  • Education

Data

• Modeled dispersed concentrations of PM_2.5 due domestic wood burning

PM_2.5 emissions of domestic wood combustion in residential buildings were calculated with the Finnish Regional Emission Scenario (FRES) model of Finnish environment institute (Karvosenoja 2008) The dispersion model applied in this study was the urban dispersion modelling system developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (UDM-FMI). It includes a multiple source Gaussian plume model and a meteorological pre-processor MPP-FMI (Karppinen et al., 1997, 1998). Data of PM2.5 contained concentrations (ng/m³) with 1 km grid resolution.

• Data of Finnish population:

The population data for Finland was obtained from the Statistics Finland Grid Database [1]. The dataset contained population numbers for Finland on a resolution of 250 x 250 m² for 2004 of different age groups and 2005 of different education groups, respectively (Table 1).

Table 1. Population of different education and age groups. Total population of Finland in year 2004.

Methodological issues

Data of dispersed concentrations were joined into population data with ArcMap version 9.2. [2] using nearest concentration points of each population grid. Product of population and concentration of each grid and sum of this product over Finland was calculated with ArcMap (see equation 1). Rest of calculations were implemented using Analytica ™ version 4.1. (Lumina Decision Systems, Inc., CA).

eq 1.  Exposure = Σi(Ci * Popi)/Poptot 

where Pop is the number of population in grid cell i (persons), i = 1,2, ..., n, n is the total number of grid cells in the study area, C_i is the concentration increase of PM_2.5 in the grid cell i due to a specified emission source category or area of emissions (g/m³)and Pop_tot is total population of each subpopulations in Finland.

Fine particle concentrations was divided to 15 different divisions with ArcMap and total population in each concentration subdivision was counted with R.

Result

Abstract

Poster abstract for ISES 2009 will be written here. Please feel free to comment.

Abstract Requirements:

• Abstracts should not exceed 300 words (2,000 characters).
• Abstracts reporting on research or investigations must include results. Statements such as “findings will be reported” are not sufficient.
• Abstracts must be submitted electronically at www.ises09.org by May 1, 2009.

Calculations as Analytica version can be downloaded here.

Introduction

The domestic wood combustion is one of the most important primary fine particulate matter (PPM2.5) emission source category in Finland. In our previous study we have estimated that average intake fraction (iF) for PPM2.5 emissions originated from domestic wood combustion is 3.31 per million. In this study we estimated iF for domestic wood combustion related PPM2.5 emissions and for the different population groups.

Material and Methods

The PPM2.5 emission data was based on the Finnish Regional Emission Scenario (FRES) model. The dispersion of pollutants was based on the urban dispersion modeling system (UDM-FMI). The resulting concentration data was combined with population data using ArcGIS version 9.2. The population data was based on Statistics Finland Grid Database. The dataset contained population numbers for Finland in resolution of 250 x 250 m2 for 2004 for different age groups and for different education groups for 2005, respectively. Intake fractions were estimated by combining emission strength, concentration, population and breathing rate data. A nominal breathing rate of 20 m3/day/person was adopted in this study.

Results

The iF variation between different population groups was small. The average iF for different genders were 1.7 per million and 1.6 per million for females and males, respectively. The average iF for different age groups varied from 0.3 per million (juvenile) to 0.7 per million (children). The if varied between different education groups. The iF was highest 1.1 per million for vocational school population and lowest 0.2 per million for upper secondary school population, respectively. People with higher education had highest and people with comprehensive school education lowest exposure levels.

Conclusions

The variation in iF and in exposure levels for PPM2.5 originated from domestic wood combustion is small between subpopulations in Finland. The average exposure levels varied between 0.5 and 0.6 µg/m3.