Difference between revisions of "Intake fractions of PM"

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(the relevant part of building model moved here)
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[[Category:Fine particles]]
 
[[Category:Fine particles]]
 
[[Category:Urgenche]]
 
[[Category:Urgenche]]
−
{{variable|moderator=Jouni}}
+
{{method|moderator=Jouni}}
  
 
== Question ==
 
== Question ==
  
−
What are intake fractions of airborne particulate matter for different emission sources and locations?
+
How to calculate exposure based on intake fractions of airborne particulate matter for different emission sources and locations?
  
 
== Answer ==
 
== Answer ==
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== Rationale ==
 
== Rationale ==
 +
 +
=== Inputs ===
 +
 +
{| {{prettytable}}
 +
|+'''Variables in the assessment model
 +
! Ovariable || Dependencies || Measure || Indices || Missing data
 +
|----
 +
| rowspan="3"|exposure (from the model) is in ug/m3 in ambient air average concentration:
 +
| emissions (from the model; see above) is in ton /a
 +
|
 +
| Required indices: - . Typical indices: Time, City_area, Exposure_agent, Emission_height.
 +
|
 +
|----
 +
| iF (generic data but depends on population density, emission height etc)
 +
| conc (g /m3) * pop (#) * BR (m3 /s) / emis (g /s) <=> conc = emis * iF / BR / pop # conc is the exposure
 +
| Required indices:  Typical indices:
 +
|
 +
|----
 +
| population
 +
| Amount of population exposed.
 +
| Required indices: - . Typical indices: Time, Area
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
=== Calculations ===
 +
 +
<rcode name='exposure' label='Initiate exposure (only for developers)' embed=1>
 +
###This code is Op_en5813/exposure on page [[Intake fractions of PM]].
 +
 +
library(OpasnetUtils)
 +
 +
exposure <- Ovariable("exposure",
 +
dependencies = data.frame(
 +
Name = c(
 +
"emissions", #  is in ton /a
 +
"iF", # conc (g /m3) * pop (#) * BR (m3 /s) / emis (g /s) <=> conc = emis * iF / BR / pop # conc is the exposure concentration
 +
"population"
 +
),
 +
Ident = c(
 +
NA,
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"Op_en5813/iFHumbert", # [[Intake fractions of PM]]
 +
NA
 +
)
 +
),
 +
formula = function(...) {
 +
BR <- 20 # Nominal breathing rate (m^3 /d)
 +
BR <- BR / 24 / 3600 # m^3 /s
 +
out <- 1E+12 / 365 / 24 / 3600 # Emission scaling from ton /a to ug /s.
 +
out <- (emissions * out) * iF / BR / population # the actual equation
 +
out <- unkeep(out, prevresults = TRUE, sources = TRUE)
 +
out@output <- out@output[!out@output$Pollutant %in% c("CO2", "CO2official") , ]
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colnames(out@output)[colnames(out@output) == "Pollutant"] <- "Exposure_agent"
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out <- oapply(out, cols = c("Renovation"), FUN = sum)
 +
 +
return(out)
 +
}
 +
)
 +
 +
objects.store(exposure)
 +
cat("Ovariable exposure stored.\n")
 +
 +
</rcode>
  
 
=== Data ===
 
=== Data ===
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NH3||1.7|1.7|0.1|1.7|
 
NH3||1.7|1.7|0.1|1.7|
 
</t2b>
 
</t2b>
 +
 +
<rcode name="iFHumbert" embed=1 label="Initiate iF (for developers only)">
 +
## This is code Op_en5813/iFHumbert on page [[Intake fractions of PM]].
 +
 +
library(OpasnetUtils)
 +
 +
iF <- Ovariable("iF", ddata = "Op_en5813", subset = "Intake fractions of PM")
 +
# [[Intake fractions of PM]] Humbert et al 2011 data
 +
 +
colnames(iF@data) <- gsub("[ \\.]", "_", colnames(iF@data))
 +
iF@data$iFResult <- iF@data$iFResult * 1E-6
 +
 +
objects.store(iF)
 +
cat("Ovariable iF (Humbert et al 2011) stored.\n")
 +
 +
</rcode>
  
 
<t2b index="Geographical area,Year,PM type,Source category,Subcategory" obs="Result" desc="Description of sub-category,Specification,Description" unit="per million">
 
<t2b index="Geographical area,Year,PM type,Source category,Subcategory" obs="Result" desc="Description of sub-category,Specification,Description" unit="per million">
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</t2b>
 
</t2b>
  
−
=== Calculations ===
+
=== Calculations for Tainio ===
  
−
<rcode name="initiate" embed=1 label="Initiate variable">
+
<rcode name="initiate" embed=1 label="Initiate variable iF.PM2.5">
 
library(OpasnetUtils)
 
library(OpasnetUtils)
  
 
iF.PM2.5 <- Ovariable("iF.PM2.5", data = opbase.data("Op_en5813"))
 
iF.PM2.5 <- Ovariable("iF.PM2.5", data = opbase.data("Op_en5813"))
  
−
####!------------------------------------------------
+
objects.store(iF.PM2.5)
−
iF <- Ovariable("iF", ddata = "Op_en5813", subset = "Intake fractions of PM")
 
−
# [[Intake fractions of PM]] Humbert et al 2011 data
 
−
####i------------------------------------------------
 
−
 
 
−
colnames(iF@data) <- gsub("[ \\.]", "_", colnames(iF@data))
 
−
iF@data$iFResult <- iF@data$iFResult * 1E-6
 
−
 
 
−
objects.store(iF.PM2.5, iF)
 
  
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cat("Object iF.PM2.5 (Tainio et al 2010) and iF (Humbert et al 2011) stored.\n")
+
cat("Object iF.PM2.5 (Tainio et al 2010) stored.\n")
  
 
</rcode>
 
</rcode>

Revision as of 04:56, 24 June 2015



Question

How to calculate exposure based on intake fractions of airborne particulate matter for different emission sources and locations?

Answer

+ Show code

Rationale

Inputs

Variables in the assessment model
Ovariable Dependencies Measure Indices Missing data
exposure (from the model) is in ug/m3 in ambient air average concentration: emissions (from the model; see above) is in ton /a Required indices: - . Typical indices: Time, City_area, Exposure_agent, Emission_height.
iF (generic data but depends on population density, emission height etc) conc (g /m3) * pop (#) * BR (m3 /s) / emis (g /s) <=> conc = emis * iF / BR / pop # conc is the exposure Required indices: Typical indices:
population Amount of population exposed. Required indices: - . Typical indices: Time, Area

Calculations

+ Show code

Data

These data in the first table come from [1]

Pollutants:

  • PM10-2.5: Primary PM10 - primary PM2.5
  • PM2.5: Primary PM2.5
  • SO2: Secondary PM2.5 derived from SO2 (in practice, SO_4)
  • NOx: Secondary PM2.5 derived from NOx (in practice, NO_3)
  • NH3: Secondary PM2.5 derived from NH3 (in practice, NH4)
Intake fractions of PM(ppm)
ObsPollutantEmission heightUrbanRuralRemoteAverageDescription
1PM10-2.5High8.80.70.045.0
2PM10-2.5Low131.10.047.5
3PM10-2.5Ground403.70.0423
4PM10-2.5Average373.40.0421
5PM2.5High111.60.16.8
6PM2.5Low152.00.16.8
7PM2.5Ground443.80.125
8PM2.5Average262.60.115
9SO20.990.790.050.89
10NOx0.20.170.010.18
11NH31.71.70.11.7

+ Show code

Difference between revisions of "Intake fractions of PM"(per million)
ObsGeographical areaYearPM typeSource categorySubcategoryResultDescription of sub-categorySpecificationDescription
1Finland2000Anthropogenic PM2.5Power plantsLarge power plants0.18-0.37Emission from large (>50 MW) power plants (n=117)mode; min-maxTainio et al. (2010): 0.28 (0.18-0.37)
2Finland2000Anthropogenic PM2.5Power plantsSmall power plants0.27-0.44Emission from small (<50 MW) power plants mode; min-maxTainio et al. (2010): 0.34 (0.27-0.44)
3Northern Europe-Anthropogenic PM2.5Power plantsMajor power plants0.50-mean of all seasonsTainio et al. (2009)
iF for Primary PM (ppm)(-)
ObsSoucreSectoriFDescription
1Electricity plants Energy production 1.6
2CHP Plants Energy production 11.0
3Heat plants Energy production 15.0
4Blast furnaces Energy production 8.9
5Gas works Energy production 11.0
6Oil refineries Energy production 8.9
7Coal transformation Energy production 15.0
8Petrochemical plants Energy production 8.9
9Coke/pat. fuel/BKB plants Energy production 6.8
10Other transformation Energy production 8.9
11Energy industry own use Energy production 6.8
12Iron and steel Industry 6.8
13Chemical and petrochem Industry 6.8
14Non-ferrous metals Industry 6.8
15Non-metallic minerals Industry 6.8
16Transport equipment Industry 8.9
17Machinery Industry 8.9
18Mining and quarrying Industry 3.8
19Food and tobacco Industry 6.8
20Paper, pulp & printing Industry 6.8
21Wood and wood products Industry 8.9
22Construction Industry 44.0
23Textile and leather Industry 15.0
24Non-specified Industry 8.9
25Domestic aviation Transport 2.0
26Road computed from transport data Transport 25.0
27Public transport (busses) Transport 44.0
28Automobile Transport 25.0
29Bicycle Transport
30Pedestrian Transport
31Freight transport Transport 25.0
32Rail transport Transport 25.0
33Of which person transport Transport 25.0
34Of which freight transport Transport 3.8
35Pipeline transport Transport 3.8
36Domestic navigation Transport 3.8
37Non-specified Transport 10.0
38Residential Other 25.0
39Commercial (& public services) Other 25.0
40Street lighting Other
41Public utilities (power, heat, water&waste) Other 8.9
42Agriculture & forestry Other 3.8
43Fishing Other 0.1
44Non-specified Other 8.9

Calculations for Tainio

+ Show code

See also

Keywords

References

  1. ↑ Sebastien Humbert, Julian D. Marshall, Shanna Shaked, Joseph V. Spadaro, Yurika Nishioka, Philipp Preiss, Thomas E. McKone, Arpad Horvath, and Olivier Jolliet. Intake Fraction for Particulate Matter: Recommendations for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (2011). Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 4808-4816.

Related files

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