Intake fractions of PM
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Contents
Question
How to calculate exposure based on intake fractions of airborne particulate matter for different emission sources and locations?
Answer
Rationale
Inputs
Ovariable | Dependencies | Measure | Indices | Missing data |
---|---|---|---|---|
exposure (from the model) is in ug/m3 in ambient air average concentration: | emissions (from the model; see above) is in ton /a | Required indices: - . Typical indices: Time, City_area, Exposure_agent, Emission_height. | ||
iF (generic data but depends on population density, emission height etc) | conc (g /m3) * pop (#) * BR (m3 /s) / emis (g /s) <=> conc = emis * iF / BR / pop # conc is the exposure | Required indices: Typical indices: | ||
population | Amount of population exposed. | Required indices: - . Typical indices: Time, Area |
Calculations
Data
These data in the first table come from [1]
Pollutants:
- PM10-2.5: Primary PM10 - primary PM2.5
- PM2.5: Primary PM2.5
- SO2: Secondary PM2.5 derived from SO2 (in practice, SO_4)
- NOx: Secondary PM2.5 derived from NOx (in practice, NO_3)
- NH3: Secondary PM2.5 derived from NH3 (in practice, NH4)
Obs | Pollutant | Emission height | Urban | Rural | Remote | Average | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | PM10-2.5 | High | 8.8 | 0.7 | 0.04 | 5.0 | |
2 | PM10-2.5 | Low | 13 | 1.1 | 0.04 | 7.5 | |
3 | PM10-2.5 | Ground | 40 | 3.7 | 0.04 | 23 | |
4 | PM10-2.5 | Average | 37 | 3.4 | 0.04 | 21 | |
5 | PM2.5 | High | 11 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 6.8 | |
6 | PM2.5 | Low | 15 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 6.8 | |
7 | PM2.5 | Ground | 44 | 3.8 | 0.1 | 25 | |
8 | PM2.5 | Average | 26 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 15 | |
9 | SO2 | 0.99 | 0.79 | 0.05 | 0.89 | ||
10 | NOx | 0.2 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.18 | ||
11 | NH3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 1.7 |
Obs | Geographical area | Year | PM type | Source category | Subcategory | Result | Description of sub-category | Specification | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Finland | 2000 | Anthropogenic PM2.5 | Power plants | Large power plants | 0.18-0.37 | Emission from large (>50 MW) power plants (n=117) | mode; min-max | Tainio et al. (2010): 0.28 (0.18-0.37) |
2 | Finland | 2000 | Anthropogenic PM2.5 | Power plants | Small power plants | 0.27-0.44 | Emission from small (<50 MW) power plants | mode; min-max | Tainio et al. (2010): 0.34 (0.27-0.44) |
3 | Northern Europe | - | Anthropogenic PM2.5 | Power plants | Major power plants | 0.50 | - | mean of all seasons | Tainio et al. (2009) |
Obs | Soucre | Sector | iF | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Electricity plants | Energy production | 1.6 | |
2 | CHP Plants | Energy production | 11.0 | |
3 | Heat plants | Energy production | 15.0 | |
4 | Blast furnaces | Energy production | 8.9 | |
5 | Gas works | Energy production | 11.0 | |
6 | Oil refineries | Energy production | 8.9 | |
7 | Coal transformation | Energy production | 15.0 | |
8 | Petrochemical plants | Energy production | 8.9 | |
9 | Coke/pat. fuel/BKB plants | Energy production | 6.8 | |
10 | Other transformation | Energy production | 8.9 | |
11 | Energy industry own use | Energy production | 6.8 | |
12 | Iron and steel | Industry | 6.8 | |
13 | Chemical and petrochem | Industry | 6.8 | |
14 | Non-ferrous metals | Industry | 6.8 | |
15 | Non-metallic minerals | Industry | 6.8 | |
16 | Transport equipment | Industry | 8.9 | |
17 | Machinery | Industry | 8.9 | |
18 | Mining and quarrying | Industry | 3.8 | |
19 | Food and tobacco | Industry | 6.8 | |
20 | Paper, pulp & printing | Industry | 6.8 | |
21 | Wood and wood products | Industry | 8.9 | |
22 | Construction | Industry | 44.0 | |
23 | Textile and leather | Industry | 15.0 | |
24 | Non-specified | Industry | 8.9 | |
25 | Domestic aviation | Transport | 2.0 | |
26 | Road computed from transport data | Transport | 25.0 | |
27 | Public transport (busses) | Transport | 44.0 | |
28 | Automobile | Transport | 25.0 | |
29 | Bicycle | Transport | ||
30 | Pedestrian | Transport | ||
31 | Freight transport | Transport | 25.0 | |
32 | Rail transport | Transport | 25.0 | |
33 | Of which person transport | Transport | 25.0 | |
34 | Of which freight transport | Transport | 3.8 | |
35 | Pipeline transport | Transport | 3.8 | |
36 | Domestic navigation | Transport | 3.8 | |
37 | Non-specified | Transport | 10.0 | |
38 | Residential | Other | 25.0 | |
39 | Commercial (& public services) | Other | 25.0 | |
40 | Street lighting | Other | ||
41 | Public utilities (power, heat, water&waste) | Other | 8.9 | |
42 | Agriculture & forestry | Other | 3.8 | |
43 | Fishing | Other | 0.1 | |
44 | Non-specified | Other | 8.9 |
Calculations for Tainio
See also
Keywords
References
- ↑ Sebastien Humbert, Julian D. Marshall, Shanna Shaked, Joseph V. Spadaro, Yurika Nishioka, Philipp Preiss, Thomas E. McKone, Arpad Horvath, and Olivier Jolliet. Intake Fraction for Particulate Matter: Recommendations for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (2011). Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 4808-4816.