View source for Public health impacts of GHG emission reduction strategies in household energy use

[[Category:Buildings]]
[[Category:Urgenche]]
[[Category:Energy]]
{{assessment|moderator = Virpi Kollanus}}

Assessment is based on the work by Wilkinson et al. 2009<ref>Wilkinson P., Smith K.R., Davies M., Adair H., Armstrong B.G., Barrett M., Bruce N., Haines A., Hamilton I., Oreszcyn T., Ridley I., Tonne C. & Chalabi Z. Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: household energy. Health and Climate Series 4, The Lancet. Published online November 25, 2009. Doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61713-X [http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61713-X/abstract]</ref>

[[File:HIA housing energy Wilkinson09.ana]]

==Scope==

===Purpose===

Health impacts of different climate change mitigation strategies aimed at reducing GHG emissions from household energy use.

===Boundaries===

Spatial:
*United Kingdom

Temporal:
*Impacts during one year, reference year 2010

Population:
*UK total population

Policy strategies:
*Increased energy efficiency of household heating by
**Increased insulation by dwelling fabric improvements
**Improved dwelling ventilation control
**Fuel switching from indoor household fossil fuel combustion to electricity
**Reduce in indoor temperatures by change in occupant behaviour

===Scenarios===

*'''Baseline
**Distributions of efficiency for UK housing stock and associated GHG emissions and health effects
*'''Scenario 1: dwelling fabric improvements
**Overall heat loss of the fabric reduced from 224 J/s per ºC to 98 j/s per ºC
*'''Scenario 2: improved dwelling ventilation control
**The present permeability of the housing stock shifted to present reduced air leakage in all dwellings
**Tightest dwellings (3 m3/m2 per h) assumed to have ideal mechanical ventilation
*'''Scenario 3: fuel switching
**All indoor combustion replaced by electricity
**Effects on CO2 emission not modelled
*'''Scenario 4: Occupant behaviour
**Indoor temperature in all dwellings with average temperature > 18 ºC decreased by 1 ºC. Temperatures ≤18 ºC unchanged.
*'''Scenario 5: combination of scenarios 1-4

===Intended users===

===Participants===

==Definition==

===Decision variables===

*Dwelling fabric improvements (yes/no)
*Improved ventilation control (yes/no)
*Fuel switch to electricity (yes/no)
*Decrease in indoor temperatures (yes/no)

===Indicators===

*Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
*Premature deaths
*Household energy sector greenhouse gas emissions

===Value variables===

===Other variables===

''Indoor exposures
*Fine particles (PM2.5, µg/m3)
**Baseline: 5.5 
**Scenario 1: 5.5 
**Scenario 2: 4.6 
**Scenario 3: 3.7 
**Scenario 4: 5.5 
**Scenario 5: 2.5 
*Radon (Bq/m3)
**Baseline: 21.7 
**Scenario 1: 21.7 
**Scenario 2: 17.2
**Scenario 3: 21.7
**Scenario 4: 21.7 
**Scenario 5: 17.2 
*Carbon monoxide (CO, probability of poisoning)
**Baseline: 1E-6
**Scenario 1: 1E-6 
**Scenario 2: 1E-6
**Scenario 3: 0
**Scenario 4: 1E-6 
**Scenario 5: 0 
*Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS, exposure expressed in ETS units)
**Baseline: 1.5
**Scenario 1: 1.5 
**Scenario 2: 1.7
**Scenario 3: 1.5
**Scenario 4: 1.5 
**Scenario 5: 1.7 
*Mould growth (% with mold index >1)
**Baseline: 17.7
**Scenario 1: 17.3
**Scenario 2: 20.3
**Scenario 3: 17.7 
**Scenario 4: 18.7 
**Scenario 5: 20.8
*Cold (winter indoor temperature C)
**Baseline: 18.1
**Scenario 1: 18.4
**Scenario 2: 18.2
**Scenario 3: 18.1 
**Scenario 4: 17.9 
**Scenario 5: 18.5

''Exposure-response functions
*PM2.5 exposure and cardiopulmonary mortality
**RR 1.059 per 10 µg/m3
*PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer
**1.082 per 10 µg/m3
*[[ERF for long-term indoor exposure to radon and lung cancer]]
*Risk of death from acute CO toxicity
**1 death per million people for dwellings with combustion appliances
*ERF for ETS exposure and mortality due to myocardial infarction
**RR 1.30 if living in the same dwelling as smoker (age >30 years)
*ETS exposure and mortality due to cerebrovascular accident (age >30 years)
**RR 1.25 if living in the same dwelling as smoker 
*[[ERF for indoor exposure to dampness and mold and respiratory symptoms]]
*[[ERF for short-term indoor exposure to cold and cardiovascular mortality]]

===Analyses===

*Comparative health impact assessment
*Sensitivity analyses

===Indices===

*Age
*Pollutant

==Result==

===Results===
'''Change per million population compared with baseline scenario

{| {{prettytable}}
|'''Premature deaths
|'''Scenario 1
|'''Scenario 2
|'''Scenario 3
|'''Scenario 4
|'''Scenario 5
|----
|PM2.5
|  0
| -32
| -64
| 0
| -107
|----
|Radon
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 3
|----
|CO
| 0
| 0
| -1
| 0
| -1
|----
|ETS
| 0
| 24
| 0
| 0
| 24
|----
|Mold
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|----
|Cold
| -7
| -1
| 0
| 0
| -8
|----
|Total
| -7
| -6
| -65
| 0
| -89
|----
|'''DALYs
|
|
|
|
|
|----
|PM2.5
| 0
| -310
| -619
| 0
| -1026
|----
|Radon
| 0
| 43
| 0
| 0
| 43
|----
|CO
| 0
| 0
| -25
| 0
| -25
|----
|ETS
| 0
| 219
| 0
| 0
| 219
|----
|Mold
| -2
| 12
| 0
| 5
| 15
|----
|Cold
| -60
| -12
| 0
| 0
| -72
|----
|Total
| -62
| -48
| -644
| 5
| -847
|----
|'''CO2 emissions (MT)
| -33
| -6
| 0
| 2
| 41
|----
|}


'''Change in disease burdens per MT CO2 saved

{| {{prettytable}}
|
|'''Scenario 1
|'''Scenario 2
|'''Scenario 3
|'''Scenario 4
|'''Scenario 5
|----
|'''Premature deaths
| -12.2
| -64
| -
| 0
| -133
|----
|'''DALYs
| -115
| -492
| -
| 17.3
| -1267
|----
|}

===Conclusions===

==See also==

==References==

<references/>
[[Category:Housing]]