Radon concentrations in European residences

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Scope

What are the radon concentrations in European residences?

Definition

Data

Radon concentrations in dwellings determined in indoor surveys.
Compiled from National Summary Reports, EnVIE project [1] and UNSCEAR 2000 [2].
Country Number of dwellings sampled Period and approx duration of measurement (situation in end 2008) Arithmetic mean (Bq/m3) Population 'dose' (M#*Bq/m3) Geometric mean (Bq/m3) Geometric SD (Bq/m3) Per cent >200 Bq/m3 Per cent >400 Bq/m3 Max obs (Bq/m3)
Albania 120 408 105 2 270
Austria 16000 1991-2002 97 795 61 12 4 8325
Belgium 10447 1995-present 69 718 76 2 2.4 0.5 4500
Bulgaria 30 255 22 250
Croatia 782 2003-05 68 306 7.2 1.8 751
Cyprus 7 6 7 2.6 78
CzechRep 150000 1984-present 140 1428 110 15 2.5 25000
Denmark 3120 1995-96 53 292 64 2.2 2.9 0.2 590
Estonia 120 180 92 1390
Finland 3074 1990-91 120 624 84 2.1 12.3 3.6 33000
France 12261 1980-2003 89 5536 53 2.7 8.5 2 4964
Germany 50000 1978-2003 50 4120 40 1.9 3 1 10000
Greece 1277 1994-98 55 594 44 3.1 1.1 1700
Hungary 107 1081 82 2.7 1990
Ireland 11319 1992-99 89 374 57 7.5 1.5 1924
Italy 5361 1989-1998 70 4060 52 2 4.1 0.9 1036
Latvia
Lithuania 55 204 22 1860
Luxembourg 2619 1993-2002 115 58 70 2 3 2776
Malta
Netherlands 952 1995-96 30 498 25 1.6 0.3 0 382
Norway 37400 1990-99 89 409 40 9 3 50000
Poland 2886 1992-94 49 1887 32 2 2 0.4 3261
Portugal 3317 1988-91 86 920 39 2.2 3558
Romania 45 1022 1025
Slovakia 87 470 3750
Slovenia 892 1993-95 87 174 60 2.2 7.7 2 1890
Spain 5600 1990-2005 90 3645 45 3.7 6 2 15400
Sweden 1360 1991-92 108 972 56 11 3.5 3904
Switzerland 55000 1980-2005 77 585 50 17 7 29705
UK 450000 1980-2005 20 1220 0.5 0.1 17000
Eur weighed average Bq/m3 64.6

Notes.

  • Changes since EnVIE [1]: Bulgaria arithmetic mean added. Data existing in UNSCEAR but not in EnVIE; data was added here: Geometric mean for Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Slovenia (also GSD), Switzerland.
  • The UNSCEAR data table is on a previous version of this page.
  • Original Excel file: N:\ILMA\_Projects\ENVIE\WP-2

Causality

Unit

Bq/m3

Formula

countries <- c("Albania", "Austria", "Belgium", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", 
"CzechRep", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary",
"Ireland", "Italy", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Netherlands", "Norway",
"Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland",
"UK")
df <- data.frame( 
gmean = c(105, 61, 76, 22, 76.62, 7, 110, 64, 92, 84, 53, 40, 44, 82, 57, 52, 76.62, 22, 
76.62, 76.62, 25, 76.62, 76.62, 39, 76.62, 76.62, 76.62, 45, 56, 76.62, 76.62),
gsd = c(2, 2.26, 2, 2.26, 2.26, 2.6, 2.26, 2.2, 2.26, 2.1, 2.7, 1.9, 2.26, 2.7, 2.26, 2,
2.26, 2.26, 2, 2.26, 1.6, 2.26, 2, 2.2, 2.26, 2.26, 2.26, 3.7, 2.26, 3.5, 2.26),
mean = c(120, 97, 69, 30, 68, 7, 140, 53, 120, 120, 89, 50, 55, 107, 89, 70, 76.62, 55, 115,
76.62, 30, 89, 49, 86, 45, 87, 87, 90, 108, 100, 20 ))
rownames(df) <- countries
b <- array(NA, dim= c(31,5000), dimnames = c('country', 'run'))
for (i in 1:31) {
	b[i,] <- exp(rnorm(5000, log(df[i,3]), log(df[i,2])))
}
rownames(b) <- countries
c <- array(NA, dim = c(31,6), dimnames = c('country', 'parameter') )
rownames(c) <- countries
colnames(c) <- c('mean', 'gmean', 'gsd', '% >200', '% >400', 'max')
for (i in 1:31) {
c[i,1] <- round(mean(b[i,]), digits=0)
c[i,2] <- round(exp(mean(log(b[i,]))), digits=0)
c[i,3] <- round(exp(sd(log(b[i,]))), digits=2)
c[i,4] <- round(mean(b[i,]>200)*100, digits=0)
c[i,5] <- round(mean(b[i,]>400)*100, digits=0)
c[i,6] <- round(max(b[i,]), digits=0)
}

Result

Country Mean Geometric mean Geometric SD  % >200  % >400 Max
Albania 151 119 1.99 22 4 1748
Austria 133 95 2.27 18 4 2360
Belgium 88 69 2.01 7 1 909
Bulgaria 42 30 2.25 1 0 425
Croatia 97 68 2.29 10 2 1072
Cyprus 11 7 2.56 0 0 167
CzechRep 195 141 2.27 34 10 1914
Denmark 72 53 2.20 5 1 944
Estonia 168 121 2.23 26 7 2478
Finland 158 120 2.12 24 5 1877
France 144 89 2.69 21 7 2686
Germany 61 50 1.88 1 0 442
Greece 76 54 2.27 6 1 991
Hungary 169 105 2.66 27 8 4782
Ireland 124 88 2.27 17 3 2639
Italy 89 70 1.99 7 1 774
Latvia 107 76 2.27 12 2 1723
Lithuania 78 56 2.25 6 1 1097
Luxembourg 146 115 1.99 22 4 1674
Malta 107 76 2.27 12 2 2047
Netherlands 34 30 1.62 0 0 162
Norway 122 88 2.25 16 3 1364
Poland 62 49 1.99 2 0 438
Portugal 116 86 2.16 13 2 1054
Romania 62 44 2.27 3 0 1342
Slovakia 120 86 2.25 15 3 1598
Slovenia 124 88 2.27 16 3 2177
Spain 216 92 3.71 28 14 5408
Sweden 152 108 2.27 23 6 3471
Switzerland 211 99 3.46 29 13 8519
UK 27 20 2.27 0 0 509

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 EnVIE: Indoor Air Pollution Exposure. EnVIE project (Co-ordination Action on Indoor Air Quality and Health Effects; Project no. SSPE-CT-2004-502671) Deliverable 2.1 (WP2 Technical Report). KTL, Kuopio, 2008. (on project website) (on Heande website)
  2. ↑ UNSCEAR 2000 Report Vol. 1 Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation , 2000.

Darby S, Hill D, Auvinen A, Barros-Dios JM, Baysson H, Bochicchio F, Deo H, Falk R, Forastiere F, Hakama M, Heid I, Kreienbrock L, Kreutzer M, Lagarde F, Mäkeläinen I, Muirhead C, Obereigner W, Pershagen G, Ruano-Ravina A, Ruosteenoja E, Schaffrath-Rosario A, Tirmarche M, Tomasek L, Whitley E, Wichmann H-E, Doll R. Radon in homes and lung cancer risk: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. British Medical Journal 2005; 330: 223–226.

G. Dubois. An overview of radon surveys in Europe. Luxembourg:Office for Official Publication of the European Communities. ISBN 92-79-01066-2. European communities, 2005

Related files

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