Radon concentrations in European residences
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Contents
Scope
What are the radon concentrations in European residences, now and in the future?
Definition
Original Data
Country | Number of dwellings sampled | Period and approx duration of measurement (situation in end 2008) | Arithmetic mean (Bq/m3) | Population 'dose' (M#*Bq/m3) | Geometric mean (Bq/m3) | Geometric SD (Bq/m3) | Per cent >200 Bq/m3 | Per cent >400 Bq/m3 | Max obs (Bq/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | 120 | 408 | 105 | 2 | 270 | ||||
Austria | 16000 | 1991-2002 | 97 | 795 | 61 | 12 | 4 | 8325 | |
Belgium | 10447 | 1995-present | 69 | 718 | 76 | 2 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 4500 |
Bulgaria | 30 | 255 | 22 | 250 | |||||
Croatia | 782 | 2003-05 | 68 | 306 | 7.2 | 1.8 | 751 | ||
Cyprus | 7 | 6 | 7 | 2.6 | 78 | ||||
CzechRep | 150000 | 1984-present | 140 | 1428 | 110 | 15 | 2.5 | 25000 | |
Denmark | 3120 | 1995-96 | 53 | 292 | 64 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 590 |
Estonia | 120 | 180 | 92 | 1390 | |||||
Finland | 3074 | 1990-91 | 120 | 624 | 84 | 2.1 | 12.3 | 3.6 | 33000 |
France | 12261 | 1980-2003 | 89 | 5536 | 53 | 2.7 | 8.5 | 2 | 4964 |
Germany | 50000 | 1978-2003 | 50 | 4120 | 40 | 1.9 | 3 | 1 | 10000 |
Greece | 1277 | 1994-98 | 55 | 594 | 44 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 1700 | |
Hungary | 107 | 1081 | 82 | 2.7 | 1990 | ||||
Ireland | 11319 | 1992-99 | 89 | 374 | 57 | 7.5 | 1.5 | 1924 | |
Italy | 5361 | 1989-1998 | 70 | 4060 | 52 | 2 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 1036 |
Latvia | |||||||||
Lithuania | 55 | 204 | 22 | 1860 | |||||
Luxembourg | 2619 | 1993-2002 | 115 | 58 | 70 | 2 | 3 | 2776 | |
Malta | |||||||||
Netherlands | 952 | 1995-96 | 30 | 498 | 25 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0 | 382 |
Norway | 37400 | 1990-99 | 89 | 409 | 40 | 9 | 3 | 50000 | |
Poland | 2886 | 1992-94 | 49 | 1887 | 32 | 2 | 2 | 0.4 | 3261 |
Portugal | 3317 | 1988-91 | 86 | 920 | 39 | 2.2 | 3558 | ||
Romania | 45 | 1022 | 1025 | ||||||
Slovakia | 87 | 470 | 3750 | ||||||
Slovenia | 892 | 1993-95 | 87 | 174 | 60 | 2.2 | 7.7 | 2 | 1890 |
Spain | 5600 | 1990-2005 | 90 | 3645 | 45 | 3.7 | 6 | 2 | 15400 |
Sweden | 1360 | 1991-92 | 108 | 972 | 56 | 11 | 3.5 | 3904 | |
Switzerland | 55000 | 1980-2005 | 77 | 585 | 50 | 17 | 7 | 29705 | |
UK | 450000 | 1980-2005 | 20 | 1220 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 17000 | ||
Eur weighed average Bq/m3 | 64.6 |
Notes.
- Changes since EnVIE [1]: Bulgaria arithmetic mean added. Data existing in UNSCEAR but not in EnVIE; data was added here: Geometric mean for Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Slovenia (also GSD), Switzerland.
- The UNSCEAR data table is on a previous version of this page.
- Original Excel file: N:\ILMA\_Projects\ENVIE\WP-2
Causality
heande:HI:Air exchange rate for European residences
Unit
Bq/m3
Formula
- Future concentrations constructed from current concentration data and predicted residence air exchange rates, by using <math>c_n = \frac{a_0+k}{a_n+k}c_0</math>.
c0 <- op_baseGetData("opasnet_base", "Erac1116", series_id = 581) ae <- op_baseGetData("opasnet_base", "Erac2499") ae0 <- ae[ae[,"Year"]=="2010",] ae0array <- DataframeToArray(ae0[,c(2,3,5)]) aen <- ae[ae[,"Year"]!="2010",] c0array <- DataframeToArray(c0[,c(2,3,4)]) x <- IntArray(aen, c0array) colnames(x)[ncol(x)] <- "c0" y <- IntArray(x, ae0array) colnames(y)[ncol(y)] <- "a0" k <- 0.007525128 z <- data.frame(y[,c(2,3,4)], ((y[,"a0"] + k)/(y[,"Result"] + k)) * y[,"c0"]) final <- data.frame(IntArray(c0, ae0array)[,2:3], "2010", IntArray(c0, ae0array)[,4]) levels(final[,3]) <- c("2010", "2020", "2030", "2050") colnames(final)[3:4] <- c("Year", "Result") o <- nrow(final) final[(o+1):(o+nrow(z)), 1:4] <- z[,1:4]
Result
See also
- heande:Indoor air quality & its impact on man
- heande:Radon
- Radon
- heande:Indoor air
- heande:Radon sisäilma annos-vaste
- heande:Radon sisäilma altistus Suomi
- heande:Radon ja pitkäikäiset nuklidit porakaivo, kokonaissyöpäkuolemat annos-vaste
- heande:Radon ja pitkäikäiset nuklidit porakaivo, efektiivinen annos
- heande:Radon ja pitkäikäiset nuklidit porakaivovedessä
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 EnVIE: Indoor Air Pollution Exposure. EnVIE project (Co-ordination Action on Indoor Air Quality and Health Effects; Project no. SSPE-CT-2004-502671) Deliverable 2.1 (WP2 Technical Report). KTL, Kuopio, 2008. (on project website) (on Heande website)
- ↑ UNSCEAR 2000 Report Vol. 1 Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation , 2000.
Darby S, Hill D, Auvinen A, Barros-Dios JM, Baysson H, Bochicchio F, Deo H, Falk R, Forastiere F, Hakama M, Heid I, Kreienbrock L, Kreutzer M, Lagarde F, Mäkeläinen I, Muirhead C, Obereigner W, Pershagen G, Ruano-Ravina A, Ruosteenoja E, Schaffrath-Rosario A, Tirmarche M, Tomasek L, Whitley E, Wichmann H-E, Doll R. Radon in homes and lung cancer risk: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. British Medical Journal 2005; 330: 223–226.
G. Dubois. An overview of radon surveys in Europe. Luxembourg:Office for Official Publication of the European Communities. ISBN 92-79-01066-2. European communities, 2005
Related files
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