Difference between revisions of "Energy use of buildings"

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m (Jouni moved page Energy use by building type in Kuopio to Energy use of buildings: The original name was too specific to be useful)
(tables moved from Building stock of Kuopio)
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{{variable|moderator=Marjo|stub=Yes}}
+
{{variable|moderator=Marjo|stub=Yes}}
  
 
== Question ==
 
== Question ==
−
What is the use of energy by buildings in Kuopio, classified as in building registry? Mean values are given, except the number which is absolute.
+
 
 +
What is the use of energy of buildings?
  
 
== Answer ==
 
== Answer ==
−
<t2b index="Building type,Result" locations="Number,Area,Volume,U value,Air exchange rate,No. of floors,Heat,Electricity" unit= "#,#">
+
 
−
One apartment houses||||||||
+
== Rationale ==
−
Two apartment houses||||||||
+
 
−
Other detached houses||||||||
+
===Energy efficiency in heating===
−
Row houses||||||||
+
 
−
Chain houses||||||||
+
<t2b name='Energy use by energy class of building' index="Efficiency,Energy use" locations="Heat,User electricity,Water" desc="Description" unit="kWh/m2/a">
−
"Luhti"houses||||||||
+
Old|150||30|Pöyry 2011 s.28
−
Apartment houses||||||||
+
New|70|50|40|Pöyry 2011 s.32 (2010 SRMK)
−
Leisure houses||||||||
+
Low-energy|35|50|40|Personal communication
−
Shop halls||||||||
+
Passive|17.5 - 25|50|40|Pöyry 2011 s.33; Personal communication
−
Department stores, shopping centers||||||||
+
</t2b>
−
Store buildings||||||||
+
 
−
Hotels etc.||||||||
+
 
−
Leisure houses for renting||||||||
+
<t2b name="Energy efficiency of new buildings in the future" index="Efficiency,Constructed" obs='Fraction' desc='Description' unit="%">
−
Other buildings for commercial accommodation||||||||
+
New|2020-2029|10-20|
−
Hostels, sheltered homes ||||||||
+
Low-energy|2020-2029||The rest of energy class
−
Other accommodation buildings||||||||
+
Passive|2020-2029|25-35|
−
Restaurants etc.||||||||
+
New|2030-2039|5-10|
−
Offices||||||||
+
Low-energy|2030-2039|20-50|
−
Railway and bus stations, air- and harbour terminals||||||||
+
Passive|2030-2039||The rest of energy class
−
Buildings for vehicle service||||||||
+
New|2040-2049|0-5|
−
Parking halls||||||||
+
Low-energy|2040-2049|10-30|
−
(Tele)communication buildings||||||||
+
Passive|2040-2049||The rest of energy class
−
Other traffic buildings||||||||
+
</t2b>
−
Central hospitals||||||||
+
 
−
Other hospitals||||||||
+
* Old: old buildings to be renovated (or in need of renovation)
−
Health care centers||||||||
+
* New: normal new buildings (no current need of renovation)
−
Rehabilitation institutes||||||||
+
* Low-energy: buildings consuming about half of the energy of a new building
−
Other health care buildings||||||||
+
* Passive: buildings consuming a quarter or less of the energy of a new building
−
Retirement homes||||||||
+
* Chinese green building system: [http://neec.no/uploads/Article,%20China%20green%20building%20standard.pdf] [http://cargocollective.com/chinabuildsgreen/1-10-12-China-s-3-Star-Rating-System]
−
Childrens´homes||||||||
+
 
−
Nursing homes for mentally disabled||||||||
+
===Baseline energy consumption===
−
Other nursing homes/institutions||||||||
+
 
−
Day care centers||||||||
+
{{comment|# |Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)!|--[[User:Marjo|Marjo]] 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)}}
−
Other social service buildings||||||||
+
 
−
Prisons||||||||
+
{{attack|# |There might be an error in the table: there is only district for non-residential buildings. Therefore they cancel out in the model. CHECK THIS BEFORE PUBLISHING RESULTS!|--[[User:Jouni|Jouni]] ([[User talk:Jouni|talk]]) 22:47, 17 February 2014 (EET)}}
−
Theaters, concert halls etc.||||||||
+
 
−
Libraries||||||||
+
<t2b name='Baseline energy consumption per area unit' index="Building,Heating,Energy use" unit="kWh/m2/a" locations="Heat,User electricity" desc="Total electricity,Year,Description" >
−
Museums, art galleries||||||||
+
Detached houses|District|134.74|50|184.74|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data; Pöyry
−
Club-, youth etc. houses||||||||
+
Detached houses|Electricity|130|50|180|2010|Energiapolar; Pöyry
−
Churches, chapels, monasteries||||||||
+
Detached houses|Oil|134.74|50|50|2010|Pöyry. Efficiency 90-95% (energiatehokaskoti.fi).
−
Church halls||||||||
+
Detached houses|Wood|134.74|50|50|2010|Assumption. Efficiency of good kettles 80%(energiatehokaskoti.fi).
−
Other buildings of religious communities||||||||
+
Detached houses|Geothermal|40|50|90|2010|Assumption
−
Ice halls||||||||
+
Row houses|District|168.88|73.5|73.5|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Swimming halls||||||||
+
Apartment houses|District|172.31|41.7|41.7|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Tennis-, squash-, badminton halls||||||||
+
Commercial|District|161.82|229.6|229.6|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Other sport halls||||||||
+
Offices|District|161.07|93.1|93.1|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Other sport- and fitness buildings||||||||
+
Health and social sector|District|214.97|122.81|122.81|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Other meeting/convention buildings||||||||
+
Public|District|165.47|110.4|110.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Primary and secondary schools, high scools||||||||
+
Sports|District|121.38|85.9|85.9|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Vocational schools||||||||
+
Educational|District|170|116.4|116.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Universities||||||||
+
Industrial|District|168.44|212.4|212.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Research institutes||||||||
+
Leisure houses|Electricity|2.4|1|3.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Educational buildings of organisations,unions etc.||||||||
+
Other|District|138.14|170.3|170.3|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data
−
Other educational buildings||||||||
+
Row houses|Electricity|150|50|||Guesstimate
−
Power plants||||||||
+
Apartment houses|Oil|150|50|||Guesstimate
−
Buildings of community technology||||||||
+
Offices|Oil|150|50|||Guesstimate
−
Industry halls||||||||
+
Educational|Oil|150|50|||Guesstimate
−
Industry and small industry houses||||||||
+
Industrial|Oil|150|50|||Guesstimate
−
Other industrial buildings||||||||
+
Non-residential buildings||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel
−
Industrial warehouses||||||||
+
Special constructions||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel
−
Trade warehouses||||||||
+
Single-family houses||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel
−
Other warehouses||||||||
+
Multiple-family houses||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel
−
Fire stations||||||||
+
Residential buildings with subsidiary use||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel
−
Shelters||||||||
+
Buildings with partial residential use||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel
−
Other fire- and rescue buildings||||||||
+
</t2b>
−
Cow-houses, piggeries, henneries etc.||||||||
+
 
−
Trotter stables, manèges, cots||||||||
+
 
−
Grain silos etc.||||||||
+
Pöyry 2011. <ref>Pöyry 2011: Kuopion kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen vähentämismahdollisuudet v 2020 mennessä. [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/extensions/mfiles/mf_getfile.php?anon=true&docid=3459&docver=1&fileid=3466&filever=1&filename=CO2%20tavoite_Raporttii_150911.pdf]</ref>
−
Greenhouses||||||||
+
 
−
Other agricultural, forestry and fishery buildings||||||||
+
Energiapolar. <ref>Energiapolar/Arvioi sähkönkulutus[http://www.energiapolar.fi/fi/Kotitaloudet/Tarjouslaskuri/Arvioi-sahkonkulutus]</ref>
−
Saunas||||||||
+
 
−
Outbuildings||||||||
+
Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys <ref> Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys[http://www.energiatehokaskoti.fi/suunnittelu/talotekniikan_suunnittelu/lammitys/oljylammitys]</ref>
−
Other buildings||||||||
+
 
 +
 
 +
{{comment|# |Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)!|--[[User:Marjo|Marjo]] 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)}}
 +
 
 +
<t2b name='Baseline energy consumption per volume unit' index="Building,Heating,Observation" locations="Heat,User electricity" desc="Year,Description" unit="kWh/m3/a">
 +
Detached houses|District|42.15|15.67|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data; Energiapolar
 +
Detached houses|Electricity|40.66|15.67|2010|Energiapolar
 +
Detached houses|Oil|42.15|15.67|2010|Energiapolar
 +
Detached houses|Wood|42.15|15.67|2010|Assumption
 +
Detached houses|Geothermal|18.56|15.67|2010|Assumption
 +
Row houses|District|53.25|23.16|2010|From energy company
 +
Apartment houses|District|49.2|11.9|2010|From energy company
 +
Commercial|District|28.65|40.64|2010|From energy company
 +
Offices|District|36.32|20.99|2010|From energy company
 +
Health and social sector|District|55.2|31.53|2010|From energy company
 +
Public|District|32.21|21.49|2010|From energy company
 +
Sports|District|18.37|13|2010|From energy company; Electricity value comes from city´s renovation data
 +
Educational|District|40.23|27.54|2010|From energy company
 +
Industrial|District|30.57|38.55|2010|From energy company
 +
Leisure houses|Electricity|0.68|0.29|2010|From energy company
 +
Other|District|29.88|36.83|2010|From energy company
 +
</t2b>
 +
 
 +
===Impact of renovations===
 +
 
 +
<t2b name='Energy saving potential of different renovations' index="Efficiency,Building2,Renovation,Observation" locations="Relative,Absolute" desc="Renovation details,Description" unit="%,kWh/m2/a">
 +
Old|Residential|Windows|15|25|New windows and doors|Pöyry 2011
 +
Old|Residential|Technical systems|50|75|New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems|Pöyry 2011
 +
Old|Residential|Sheath reform|65|100|New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems, significant reform of building's sheath|Pöyry 2011
 +
Old|Non-residential|General|15|-|General renovation|Pöyry 2011
 +
Old||None|0|0|Renovation not done|
 +
New||None|0|0|Renovation not done|
 +
Low-energy||None|0|0|Renovation not done|
 +
Passive||None|0|0|Renovation not done|
 +
</t2b>
 +
 
 +
===Regulations regarding energy consumption of buildings===
 +
 
 +
<t2b name='Maximum allowed energy consumption per unit (= E-value)' index="Building,Year" obs="E-value" desc="Description" unit="kWh/m2/a">
 +
Detached houses|2012 forward|204|Heated net area <120 m2; Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Row houses|2012 forward|150|Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Apartment houses|2012 forward|130|Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Shops and other commercial buildings|2012 forward|240|Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Offices|2012 forward|170|Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Health and social sector: Hospitals|2012 forward|450|Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Health and social sector: Health care centers etc.|2012 forward|170|Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Public|2012 forward|240|Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Sports|2012 forward|170|Does not apply to swimming- and ice halls; Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Educational|2012 forward|170|Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Industrial|2012 forward|-|E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Leisure buildings|2012 forward|-|E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration
 +
Other|2012 forward|-|E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration
 
</t2b>
 
</t2b>
  
−
== Rationale ==
+
===Calculations for ovariables===
 +
 
 +
<rcode name='initiate' embed=1 label='Initiate objects'>
  
 +
library(OpasnetUtils)
  
 +
energyUse <- Ovariable(
 +
name = 'energyUse',
 +
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
 +
subset = 'Baseline energy consumption per area unit'
 +
)
  
−
=== Dependencies ===
+
heatingShares <- Ovariable(
 +
name = 'heatingShares',
 +
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
 +
subset = 'Fractions of houses according heating type'
 +
)
  
−
=== Formula ===
+
heatingSharesNew <- Ovariable(
 +
name = 'heatingSharesNew',
 +
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
 +
subset = 'Future heating types'
 +
)
  
−
'''Existing building stock'''
+
energy.per.volume <- Ovariable(
 +
name = 'energy.per.volume',
 +
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
 +
subset = 'Baseline energy consumption per volume unit'
 +
)
  
−
<rcode name="initiate" variables="
+
efficienciesNew <- Ovariable(
−
name:V_Detach_Houses|description:Volume of detached houses (m3)|default:1992230|
+
name = 'efficienciesNew',
−
name:V_Row_Houses|description:Volume of row houses (m3)|default:1630215|
+
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
−
name:V_Apart_Houses|description:Volume of apartment houses (m3)|default:8655495|
+
subset = 'Energy efficiency of new buildings in the future'
−
name:V_Stores|description:Volume of stores (m3)|default:3084573|
+
)
−
name:V_Accommodation|description:Volume of accommodation houses and restaurants (m3)|default:293407|
 
−
name:V_Offices|description:Volume of offices (m3)|default:1555234|
 
−
name:V_Health|description:Volume of health care buildings (m3)|default:697197|
 
−
name:V_Maintenance|description:Volume of maintenance buildings(m3)|default:225301|
 
−
name:V_Other_Social|description:Volume of other social service buildings (m3)|default:130813|
 
−
name:V_Theater|description:Volume of theaters and concert halls (m3)|default:85200|
 
−
name:V_Library|description:Volume of libraries and museums(m3)|default:167937|
 
−
name:V_Club|description:Volume of club buildings (m3)|default:30023|
 
−
name:V_Religious|description:Volume of religious communities' buildings(m3)|default:161548|
 
−
name:V_Other_Meeting|description:Volume of other meeting buildings (m3)|default:36285|
 
−
name:V_Sports|description:Volume of sports buildings (m3)|default:633852|
 
−
name:V_GeneEdu|description:Volume of general education buildings (m3)|default:729880|
 
−
name:V_Occupational|description:Volume of occupational education buildings (m3)|default:581735|
 
−
name:V_Univ|description:Volume of universities (m3)|default:444989|
 
−
name:V_Industry|description:Volume of industrial buildings (m3)|default:1784634|
 
−
name:V_Traffic|description:Volume of traffic buildings (m3)|default:596950|
 
−
name:V_Warehouse|description:Volume of warehouses (m3)|default:676781|
 
−
name:V_Prisons|description:Volume of prisons (m3)|default:75500|
 
−
name:V_Fire|description:Volume of fire and rescue buildings (m3)|default:66395|
 
−
name:V_Agriculture|description:Volume of agricultural buildings (m3)|default:8107|
 
−
name:V_Other|description:Volume of other buildings (m3)|default:30850|
 
−
name:V_Energy|description:Volume of energy production buildings(m3)|default:3000|
 
  
−
name:H_detach|description:Mean heat consumption of detached houses(kWh/m3)|default:41.51|
+
Maximum.allowed.energy.consumption.per.unit <- Ovariable(
−
name:H_row|description:Mean heat consumption of row houses (kWh/m3)|default:52.51|
+
name = 'Maximum.allowed.energy.consumption.per.unit',
−
name:H_apart|description:Mean heat consumption of apartment houses(kWh/m3)|default:49.75|
+
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
−
name:H_Stores|description:Mean heat consumption of stores (kWh/m3)|default:37.32|
+
subset = 'Maximum allowed energy consumption per unit (= E-value)'
−
name:H_Accommodation|description:Mean heat consumption of accommodation buildings and restaurants (kWh/m3)|default:58.18|
+
)
−
name:H_Offices|description:Mean heat consumption of offices (kWh/m3)|default:40.78|
 
−
name:H_Traffic|description:Mean heat consumption of traffic buildings (kWh/m3)|default:41.81|
 
−
name:H_Health|description:Mean heat consumption of health care buildings (kWh/m3)|default:54.67|
 
−
name:H_Maintenance|description:Mean heat consumption of maintenance buildings(kWh/m3)|default:59.40|
 
−
name:H_Other_Social|description:Mean heat consumption of other social service buildings (kWh/m3)|default:52.50|
 
−
name:H_Prisons|description:Mean heat consumption of prisons(kWh/m3)|default:29.62|
 
−
name:H_Theater|description:Mean heat consumption of theaters and concert halls (kWh/m3)|default:36.29|
 
−
name:H_Library|description:Mean heat consumption of libraries and museums (kWh/m3)|default:40.51|
 
−
name:H_Club|description:Mean heat consumption of club buildings (kWh/m3)|default:52.56|
 
−
name:H_Religious|description:Mean heat consumption of religious communities' buildings (kWh/m3)|default:38.56|
 
−
name:H_Sports|description:Mean heat consumption of sports buildings(kWh/m3)|default:32.51|
 
−
name:H_Other_Meeting|description:Mean heat consumption of other meeting buildings (kWh/m3)|default:28.24|
 
−
name:H_GenEdu|description:Mean heat consumption of genereal education buildings (kWh/m3)|default:34.54|
 
−
name:H_Occupational|description:Mean heat consumption of occupational buildings (kWh/m3)|default:49.31|
 
−
name:H_Univ|description:Mean heat consumption of universities (kWh/m3)|default:49.91|
 
−
name:H_Energy|description:Mean heat consumption of energy production buildings(kWh/m3)|default:105.43|
 
−
name:H_Industry|description:Mean heat consumption of industrial buildings (kWh/m3)|default:36.00|
 
−
name:H_Warehouse|description:Mean heat consumption of warehouses (kWh/m3)|default:24.64|
 
−
name:H_Fire|description:Mean heat consumption of fire and rescue buildings (kWh/m3)|default:27.41|
 
−
name:H_Agriculture|description:Mean heat consumption of agricultural buildings (kWh/m3)|default:45.54|
 
−
name:H_Other|description:Mean heat consumption of other buildings (kWh/m3)|default:38.19
 
−
">
 
−
</rcode>
 
  
 +
savingPotential <- Ovariable(
 +
name = 'savingPotential',
 +
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
 +
subset = 'Energy saving potential of different renovations'
 +
)
 +
levels(savingPotential@data$Building2)[levels(savingPotential@data$Building2) == ""] <- NA
  
−
'''Effect of renovation'''
+
renovationShares <- Ovariable(
 +
name = 'renovationShares',
 +
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
 +
subset = 'Popularity of renovation types'
 +
)
  
−
<rcode name="initiate" variables="
+
energy.classes.of.buildings <- Ovariable(
−
name:Heat_Cons|description:Total heat consumption of buildings per year (GWh)|default:965|
+
name = 'energy.classes.of.buildings',
−
name:Mean_Heat|description:Mean heat consumption of buildings per year (kWh/m3)|default:41.41|
+
ddata = 'Op_en5932',
−
name:Fraction_Renov|description:Fraction of buildings renovated per year (%)|default:3|
+
subset = 'Energy use by energy class of building'
−
name:Meandecr_Heat|description:Mean decrease in heat consumption due to renovation (kWh/m3)|default:2
+
)
−
">
 
−
</rcode>
 
  
−
'''New building stock'''
+
objects.store(
 +
buildingStock,
 +
energyUse,
 +
energy.per.volume,
 +
heatingShares,
 +
heatingSharesNew,
 +
renovation,
 +
renovationShares,
 +
construction,
 +
constructionAreas,
 +
efficienciesNew,
 +
savingPotential,
 +
energy.classes.of.buildings,
 +
buildingTypes,
 +
emissionLocations,
 +
eventyear,
 +
efficiencies
 +
)
  
−
<rcode name="initiate" variables="
+
cat("Objects buildingStock,
−
name:Detach_Houses|description:Area of new detached houses per year|default:38870|
+
energyUse,
−
name:Row_Houses|description:Area of new row houses per year (m2)|default:13235|
+
energy.per.volume,
−
name:Apart_Houses|description:Area of new apartment houses per year (m2)|default:49835|
+
heatingShares,
−
name:Heat_detach|description:Maximum allowed energy consumption of new detached houses(kWh/m2)|default:204|
+
heatingSharesNew,
−
name:Heat_row|description:Maximum allowed energy consumption of new row houses(kWh/m2)|default:150|
+
renovation,
−
name:Heat_apart|description:Maximum allowed energy consumption of new apartment houses(kWh/m2)|default:130
+
renovationShares,
−
">
+
construction,
−
</rcode>
+
constructionAreas,
 +
efficienciesNew,
 +
savingPotential,
 +
energy.classes.of.buildings,
 +
buildingTypes,
 +
emissionLocations,
 +
eventyear,
 +
efficiencies
 +
initiated!\n")
  
−
'''Effect of building usage'''
 
−
*Education, information, maintenance, best ways of use, deliveries...
 
−
*Property managers, owners, users etc.
 
−
<rcode name="initiate" variables="
 
−
name:SaveIn_Usage|description:Maximum save in heat consumption due to better usage (%)|default:10
 
−
">
 
 
</rcode>
 
</rcode>
−
 
−
*'''Electricity consumption'''
 
−
*'''Solar energy'''
 
−
*'''Building stock to be removed (m2)'''
 
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
Line 192: Line 242:
  
 
==Related files==
 
==Related files==
−
 
−
{{mfiles}}
 
−
 
−
{{publication
 
−
| authors        =
 
−
| title          =
 
−
| explanation    =
 
−
| publishingyear =
 
−
| urn            =
 
−
| reference      =
 
−
}}
 

Revision as of 17:08, 5 March 2014


Question

What is the use of energy of buildings?

Answer

Rationale

Energy efficiency in heating

Energy use by energy class of building(kWh/m2/a)
ObsEfficiencyHeatUser electricityWaterDescription
1Old15030Pöyry 2011 s.28
2New705040Pöyry 2011 s.32 (2010 SRMK)
3Low-energy355040Personal communication
4Passive17.5 - 255040Pöyry 2011 s.33; Personal communication


Energy efficiency of new buildings in the future(%)
ObsEfficiencyConstructedFractionDescription
1New2020-202910-20
2Low-energy2020-2029The rest of energy class
3Passive2020-202925-35
4New2030-20395-10
5Low-energy2030-203920-50
6Passive2030-2039The rest of energy class
7New2040-20490-5
8Low-energy2040-204910-30
9Passive2040-2049The rest of energy class
  • Old: old buildings to be renovated (or in need of renovation)
  • New: normal new buildings (no current need of renovation)
  • Low-energy: buildings consuming about half of the energy of a new building
  • Passive: buildings consuming a quarter or less of the energy of a new building
  • Chinese green building system: [4] [5]

Baseline energy consumption

--# : Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)! --Marjo 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)

⇤# : There might be an error in the table: there is only district for non-residential buildings. Therefore they cancel out in the model. CHECK THIS BEFORE PUBLISHING RESULTS! --Jouni (talk) 22:47, 17 February 2014 (EET)

Baseline energy consumption per area unit(kWh/m2/a)
ObsBuildingHeatingHeatUser electricityTotal electricityYearDescription
1Detached housesDistrict134.7450184.742010Calculated from energy company´s data; Pöyry
2Detached housesElectricity130501802010Energiapolar; Pöyry
3Detached housesOil134.7450502010Pöyry. Efficiency 90-95% (energiatehokaskoti.fi).
4Detached housesWood134.7450502010Assumption. Efficiency of good kettles 80%(energiatehokaskoti.fi).
5Detached housesGeothermal4050902010Assumption
6Row housesDistrict168.8873.573.52010Calculated from energy company´s data
7Apartment housesDistrict172.3141.741.72010Calculated from energy company´s data
8CommercialDistrict161.82229.6229.62010Calculated from energy company´s data
9OfficesDistrict161.0793.193.12010Calculated from energy company´s data
10Health and social sectorDistrict214.97122.81122.812010Calculated from energy company´s data
11PublicDistrict165.47110.4110.42010Calculated from energy company´s data
12SportsDistrict121.3885.985.92010Calculated from energy company´s data
13EducationalDistrict170116.4116.42010Calculated from energy company´s data
14IndustrialDistrict168.44212.4212.42010Calculated from energy company´s data
15Leisure housesElectricity2.413.42010Calculated from energy company´s data
16OtherDistrict138.14170.3170.32010Calculated from energy company´s data
17Row housesElectricity15050Guesstimate
18Apartment housesOil15050Guesstimate
19OfficesOil15050Guesstimate
20EducationalOil15050Guesstimate
21IndustrialOil15050Guesstimate
22Non-residential buildings15050Guesstimate for Basel
23Special constructions15050Guesstimate for Basel
24Single-family houses15050Guesstimate for Basel
25Multiple-family houses15050Guesstimate for Basel
26Residential buildings with subsidiary use15050Guesstimate for Basel
27Buildings with partial residential use15050Guesstimate for Basel


Pöyry 2011. [1]

Energiapolar. [2]

Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys [3]


--# : Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)! --Marjo 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)

Baseline energy consumption per volume unit(kWh/m3/a)
ObsBuildingHeatingHeatUser electricityYearDescription
1Detached housesDistrict42.1515.672010Calculated from energy company´s data; Energiapolar
2Detached housesElectricity40.6615.672010Energiapolar
3Detached housesOil42.1515.672010Energiapolar
4Detached housesWood42.1515.672010Assumption
5Detached housesGeothermal18.5615.672010Assumption
6Row housesDistrict53.2523.162010From energy company
7Apartment housesDistrict49.211.92010From energy company
8CommercialDistrict28.6540.642010From energy company
9OfficesDistrict36.3220.992010From energy company
10Health and social sectorDistrict55.231.532010From energy company
11PublicDistrict32.2121.492010From energy company
12SportsDistrict18.37132010From energy company; Electricity value comes from city´s renovation data
13EducationalDistrict40.2327.542010From energy company
14IndustrialDistrict30.5738.552010From energy company
15Leisure housesElectricity0.680.292010From energy company
16OtherDistrict29.8836.832010From energy company

Impact of renovations

Energy saving potential of different renovations(%,kWh/m2/a)
ObsEfficiencyBuilding2RenovationRelativeAbsoluteRenovation detailsDescription
1OldResidentialWindows1525New windows and doorsPöyry 2011
2OldResidentialTechnical systems5075New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systemsPöyry 2011
3OldResidentialSheath reform65100New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems, significant reform of building's sheathPöyry 2011
4OldNon-residentialGeneral15-General renovationPöyry 2011
5OldNone00Renovation not done
6NewNone00Renovation not done
7Low-energyNone00Renovation not done
8PassiveNone00Renovation not done

Regulations regarding energy consumption of buildings

Maximum allowed energy consumption per unit (= E-value)(kWh/m2/a)
ObsBuildingYearE-valueDescription
1Detached houses2012 forward204Heated net area <120 m2; Finland´s Environmental Administration
2Row houses2012 forward150Finland´s Environmental Administration
3Apartment houses2012 forward130Finland´s Environmental Administration
4Shops and other commercial buildings2012 forward240Finland´s Environmental Administration
5Offices2012 forward170Finland´s Environmental Administration
6Health and social sector: Hospitals2012 forward450Finland´s Environmental Administration
7Health and social sector: Health care centers etc.2012 forward170Finland´s Environmental Administration
8Public2012 forward240Finland´s Environmental Administration
9Sports2012 forward170Does not apply to swimming- and ice halls; Finland´s Environmental Administration
10Educational2012 forward170Finland´s Environmental Administration
11Industrial2012 forward-E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration
12Leisure buildings2012 forward-E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration
13Other2012 forward-E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration

Calculations for ovariables

+ Show code

See also

Keywords

References

  1. ↑ Pöyry 2011: Kuopion kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen vähentämismahdollisuudet v 2020 mennessä. [1]
  2. ↑ Energiapolar/Arvioi sähkönkulutus[2]
  3. ↑ Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys[3]

Related files

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