Difference between revisions of "Energy use of buildings"
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===Baseline energy consumption=== | ===Baseline energy consumption=== | ||
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<t2b name='Baseline energy consumption per area unit' index="Building,Heating,Energy use" unit="kWh/m2/a" locations="Heat,User electricity" desc="Total electricity,Year,Description" > | <t2b name='Baseline energy consumption per area unit' index="Building,Heating,Energy use" unit="kWh/m2/a" locations="Heat,User electricity" desc="Total electricity,Year,Description" > | ||
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Detached houses|Wood|134.74|50|50|2010|Assumption. Efficiency of good kettles 80%(energiatehokaskoti.fi). | Detached houses|Wood|134.74|50|50|2010|Assumption. Efficiency of good kettles 80%(energiatehokaskoti.fi). | ||
Detached houses|Geothermal|40|50|90|2010|Assumption | Detached houses|Geothermal|40|50|90|2010|Assumption | ||
| − | Row houses| | + | Row houses||168.88|73.5|73.5|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Apartment houses| | + | Apartment houses||172.31|41.7|41.7|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Commercial| | + | Commercial||161.82|229.6|229.6|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Offices| | + | Offices||161.07|93.1|93.1|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Health and social sector| | + | Health and social sector||214.97|122.81|122.81|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Public| | + | Public||165.47|110.4|110.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Sports| | + | Sports||121.38|85.9|85.9|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Educational| | + | Educational||170|116.4|116.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Industrial| | + | Industrial||168.44|212.4|212.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district |
| − | Leisure houses| | + | Leisure houses||2.4|1|3.4|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on electricity |
| − | Other| | + | Other||138.14|170.3|170.3|2010|Calculated from energy company´s data |
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Non-residential buildings||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel | Non-residential buildings||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel | ||
Special constructions||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel | Special constructions||150|50|||Guesstimate for Basel | ||
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Other|District|29.88|36.83|2010|From energy company | Other|District|29.88|36.83|2010|From energy company | ||
</t2b> | </t2b> | ||
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| + | ===Energy efficiency in heating=== | ||
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| + | <t2b name='Energy use by energy class of building' index="Efficiency,Energy use" locations="Heat,User electricity,Water" desc="Description" unit="kWh/m2/a"> | ||
| + | Old|150||30|Pöyry 2011 s.28 | ||
| + | New|70|50|40|Pöyry 2011 s.32 (2010 SRMK) | ||
| + | Low-energy|35|50|40|Personal communication | ||
| + | Passive|17.5 - 25|50|40|Pöyry 2011 s.33; Personal communication | ||
| + | </t2b> | ||
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| + | <t2b name="Energy efficiency of new buildings in the future" index="Efficiency,Constructed" obs='Fraction' desc='Description' unit="%"> | ||
| + | New|2020-2029|10-20| | ||
| + | Low-energy|2020-2029||The rest of energy class | ||
| + | Passive|2020-2029|25-35| | ||
| + | New|2030-2039|5-10| | ||
| + | Low-energy|2030-2039|20-50| | ||
| + | Passive|2030-2039||The rest of energy class | ||
| + | New|2040-2049|0-5| | ||
| + | Low-energy|2040-2049|10-30| | ||
| + | Passive|2040-2049||The rest of energy class | ||
| + | </t2b> | ||
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| + | * Old: old buildings to be renovated (or in need of renovation) | ||
| + | * New: normal new buildings (no current need of renovation) | ||
| + | * Low-energy: buildings consuming about half of the energy of a new building | ||
| + | * Passive: buildings consuming a quarter or less of the energy of a new building | ||
| + | * Chinese green building system: [http://neec.no/uploads/Article,%20China%20green%20building%20standard.pdf] [http://cargocollective.com/chinabuildsgreen/1-10-12-China-s-3-Star-Rating-System] | ||
===Impact of renovations=== | ===Impact of renovations=== | ||
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subset = 'Baseline energy consumption per area unit' | subset = 'Baseline energy consumption per area unit' | ||
) | ) | ||
| + | levels(energyUse@data$Heating)[levels(energyUse@data$Heating) == ""] <- NA | ||
| + | energyUse@data <- fillna(energyUse@data, "Heating") | ||
energy.per.volume <- Ovariable( | energy.per.volume <- Ovariable( | ||
Revision as of 07:14, 12 February 2015
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Contents
Question
What is the use of energy of buildings?
Answer
Rationale
Baseline energy consumption
| Obs | Building | Heating | Heat | User electricity | Total electricity | Year | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Detached houses | District | 134.74 | 50 | 184.74 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data; Pöyry |
| 2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 130 | 50 | 180 | 2010 | Energiapolar; Pöyry |
| 3 | Detached houses | Oil | 134.74 | 50 | 50 | 2010 | Pöyry. Efficiency 90-95% (energiatehokaskoti.fi). |
| 4 | Detached houses | Wood | 134.74 | 50 | 50 | 2010 | Assumption. Efficiency of good kettles 80%(energiatehokaskoti.fi). |
| 5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 40 | 50 | 90 | 2010 | Assumption |
| 6 | Row houses | 168.88 | 73.5 | 73.5 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 7 | Apartment houses | 172.31 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 8 | Commercial | 161.82 | 229.6 | 229.6 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 9 | Offices | 161.07 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 10 | Health and social sector | 214.97 | 122.81 | 122.81 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 11 | Public | 165.47 | 110.4 | 110.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 12 | Sports | 121.38 | 85.9 | 85.9 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 13 | Educational | 170 | 116.4 | 116.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 14 | Industrial | 168.44 | 212.4 | 212.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district | |
| 15 | Leisure houses | 2.4 | 1 | 3.4 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on electricity | |
| 16 | Other | 138.14 | 170.3 | 170.3 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data | |
| 17 | Non-residential buildings | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
| 18 | Special constructions | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
| 19 | Single-family houses | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
| 20 | Multiple-family houses | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
| 21 | Residential buildings with subsidiary use | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel | |||
| 22 | Buildings with partial residential use | 150 | 50 | Guesstimate for Basel |
Pöyry 2011. [1]
Energiapolar. [2]
Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys [3]
--# : Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)! --Marjo 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)
| Obs | Building | Heating | Heat | User electricity | Year | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Detached houses | District | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Calculated from energy company´s data; Energiapolar |
| 2 | Detached houses | Electricity | 40.66 | 15.67 | 2010 | Energiapolar |
| 3 | Detached houses | Oil | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Energiapolar |
| 4 | Detached houses | Wood | 42.15 | 15.67 | 2010 | Assumption |
| 5 | Detached houses | Geothermal | 18.56 | 15.67 | 2010 | Assumption |
| 6 | Row houses | District | 53.25 | 23.16 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 7 | Apartment houses | District | 49.2 | 11.9 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 8 | Commercial | District | 28.65 | 40.64 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 9 | Offices | District | 36.32 | 20.99 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 10 | Health and social sector | District | 55.2 | 31.53 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 11 | Public | District | 32.21 | 21.49 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 12 | Sports | District | 18.37 | 13 | 2010 | From energy company; Electricity value comes from city´s renovation data |
| 13 | Educational | District | 40.23 | 27.54 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 14 | Industrial | District | 30.57 | 38.55 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 15 | Leisure houses | Electricity | 0.68 | 0.29 | 2010 | From energy company |
| 16 | Other | District | 29.88 | 36.83 | 2010 | From energy company |
Energy efficiency in heating
| Obs | Efficiency | Heat | User electricity | Water | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Old | 150 | 30 | Pöyry 2011 s.28 | |
| 2 | New | 70 | 50 | 40 | Pöyry 2011 s.32 (2010 SRMK) |
| 3 | Low-energy | 35 | 50 | 40 | Personal communication |
| 4 | Passive | 17.5 - 25 | 50 | 40 | Pöyry 2011 s.33; Personal communication |
| Obs | Efficiency | Constructed | Fraction | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New | 2020-2029 | 10-20 | |
| 2 | Low-energy | 2020-2029 | The rest of energy class | |
| 3 | Passive | 2020-2029 | 25-35 | |
| 4 | New | 2030-2039 | 5-10 | |
| 5 | Low-energy | 2030-2039 | 20-50 | |
| 6 | Passive | 2030-2039 | The rest of energy class | |
| 7 | New | 2040-2049 | 0-5 | |
| 8 | Low-energy | 2040-2049 | 10-30 | |
| 9 | Passive | 2040-2049 | The rest of energy class |
- Old: old buildings to be renovated (or in need of renovation)
- New: normal new buildings (no current need of renovation)
- Low-energy: buildings consuming about half of the energy of a new building
- Passive: buildings consuming a quarter or less of the energy of a new building
- Chinese green building system: [4] [5]
Impact of renovations
| Obs | Efficiency | Building2 | Renovation | Relative | Absolute | Renovation details | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Old | Residential | Windows | 15 | 25 | New windows and doors | Pöyry 2011 |
| 2 | Old | Residential | Technical systems | 50 | 75 | New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems | Pöyry 2011 |
| 3 | Old | Residential | Sheath reform | 65 | 100 | New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems, significant reform of building's sheath | Pöyry 2011 |
| 4 | Old | Non-residential | General | 15 | - | General renovation | Pöyry 2011 |
| 5 | Old | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done | ||
| 6 | New | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done | ||
| 7 | Low-energy | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done | ||
| 8 | Passive | None | 0 | 0 | Renovation not done |
Regulations regarding energy consumption of buildings
| Obs | Building | Year | E-value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Detached houses | 2012 forward | 204 | Heated net area <120 m2; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 2 | Row houses | 2012 forward | 150 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 3 | Apartment houses | 2012 forward | 130 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 4 | Shops and other commercial buildings | 2012 forward | 240 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 5 | Offices | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 6 | Health and social sector: Hospitals | 2012 forward | 450 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 7 | Health and social sector: Health care centers etc. | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 8 | Public | 2012 forward | 240 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 9 | Sports | 2012 forward | 170 | Does not apply to swimming- and ice halls; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 10 | Educational | 2012 forward | 170 | Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 11 | Industrial | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 12 | Leisure buildings | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
| 13 | Other | 2012 forward | - | E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration |
