Difference between revisions of "Energy use of buildings"

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(ovariable energyUse updated)
(Calculations for ovariables)
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===Calculations for ovariables===
 
===Calculations for ovariables===
  
<rcode name='initiate' embed=1 label='Initiate objects'>
+
<rcode name='initiate' embed=0 label='Initiate objects'>
  
 
library(OpasnetUtils)
 
library(OpasnetUtils)
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levels(energyUse@data$Heating)[levels(energyUse@data$Heating) == ""] <- NA
 
levels(energyUse@data$Heating)[levels(energyUse@data$Heating) == ""] <- NA
 
energyUse@data <- fillna(energyUse@data, "Heating")
 
energyUse@data <- fillna(energyUse@data, "Heating")
 +
energyUse@data <- energyUse@data[
 +
energyUse@data[["Energy use"]] == "Heat" ,
 +
colnames(energyUse@data) != "Energy use"
 +
]
  
 
energy.per.volume <- Ovariable(
 
energy.per.volume <- Ovariable(
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ddata = 'Op_en5488',
 
ddata = 'Op_en5488',
 
subset = 'Energy efficiency of new buildings in the future'
 
subset = 'Energy efficiency of new buildings in the future'
 +
)
 +
efficienciesNew@data$Efficiency <- factor(
 +
efficienciesNew@data$Efficiency,
 +
levels = c("Old", "New", "Low-energy", "Passive"),
 +
ordered = TRUE
 
)
 
)
  
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ddata = 'Op_en5488',
 
ddata = 'Op_en5488',
 
subset = 'Energy saving potential of different renovations'
 
subset = 'Energy saving potential of different renovations'
 +
)
 +
savingPotential@data <- savingPotential@data[
 +
savingPotential@data$Observation == "Relative" ,
 +
colnames(savingPotential@data) != "Observation"
 +
]
 +
savingPotential@data$Renovation <- factor(
 +
savingPotential@data$Renovation,
 +
levels = c("None", "General", "Windows", "Technical systems", "Sheath reform"),
 +
ordered = TRUE
 
)
 
)
 
levels(savingPotential@data$Building2)[levels(savingPotential@data$Building2) == ""] <- NA
 
levels(savingPotential@data$Building2)[levels(savingPotential@data$Building2) == ""] <- NA
 +
savingPotential@data <- fillna(savingPotential@data, "Building2")
 +
savingPotential@data$savingPotentialResult <- 1 - as.numeric(as.character(savingPotential@data$savingPotentialResult)) / 100
  
 
energy.classes.of.buildings <- Ovariable(
 
energy.classes.of.buildings <- Ovariable(

Revision as of 18:03, 12 February 2015


Question

What is the use of energy of buildings?

Answer

Rationale

Baseline energy consumption

Baseline energy consumption per area unit(kWh/m2/a)
ObsBuildingHeatingHeatUser electricityTotal electricityYearDescription
1Detached housesDistrict134.7450184.742010Calculated from energy company´s data; Pöyry
2Detached housesElectricity130501802010Energiapolar; Pöyry
3Detached housesOil134.7450502010Pöyry. Efficiency 90-95% (energiatehokaskoti.fi).
4Detached housesWood134.7450502010Assumption. Efficiency of good kettles 80%(energiatehokaskoti.fi).
5Detached housesGeothermal4050902010Assumption
6Row houses168.8873.573.52010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
7Apartment houses172.3141.741.72010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
8Commercial161.82229.6229.62010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
9Offices161.0793.193.12010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
10Health and social sector214.97122.81122.812010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
11Public165.47110.4110.42010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
12Sports121.3885.985.92010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
13Educational170116.4116.42010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
14Industrial168.44212.4212.42010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on district
15Leisure houses2.413.42010Calculated from energy company´s data. Based on electricity
16Other138.14170.3170.32010Calculated from energy company´s data
17Non-residential buildings15050Guesstimate for Basel
18Special constructions15050Guesstimate for Basel
19Single-family houses15050Guesstimate for Basel
20Multiple-family houses15050Guesstimate for Basel
21Residential buildings with subsidiary use15050Guesstimate for Basel
22Buildings with partial residential use15050Guesstimate for Basel


Pöyry 2011. [1]

Energiapolar. [2]

Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys [3]


--# : Note that below numbers are very preliminary (esp. electricity)! --Marjo 16:49, 13 March 2013 (EET)

Baseline energy consumption per volume unit(kWh/m3/a)
ObsBuildingHeatingHeatUser electricityYearDescription
1Detached housesDistrict42.1515.672010Calculated from energy company´s data; Energiapolar
2Detached housesElectricity40.6615.672010Energiapolar
3Detached housesOil42.1515.672010Energiapolar
4Detached housesWood42.1515.672010Assumption
5Detached housesGeothermal18.5615.672010Assumption
6Row housesDistrict53.2523.162010From energy company
7Apartment housesDistrict49.211.92010From energy company
8CommercialDistrict28.6540.642010From energy company
9OfficesDistrict36.3220.992010From energy company
10Health and social sectorDistrict55.231.532010From energy company
11PublicDistrict32.2121.492010From energy company
12SportsDistrict18.37132010From energy company; Electricity value comes from city´s renovation data
13EducationalDistrict40.2327.542010From energy company
14IndustrialDistrict30.5738.552010From energy company
15Leisure housesElectricity0.680.292010From energy company
16OtherDistrict29.8836.832010From energy company

Energy efficiency in heating

Energy use by energy class of building(kWh/m2/a)
ObsEfficiencyHeatUser electricityWaterDescription
1Old15030Pöyry 2011 s.28
2New705040Pöyry 2011 s.32 (2010 SRMK)
3Low-energy355040Personal communication
4Passive17.5 - 255040Pöyry 2011 s.33; Personal communication


Energy efficiency of new buildings in the future(%)
ObsEfficiencyConstructedFractionDescription
1New2020-202910-20
2Low-energy2020-2029The rest of energy class
3Passive2020-202925-35
4New2030-20395-10
5Low-energy2030-203920-50
6Passive2030-2039The rest of energy class
7New2040-20490-5
8Low-energy2040-204910-30
9Passive2040-2049The rest of energy class
  • Old: old buildings to be renovated (or in need of renovation)
  • New: normal new buildings (no current need of renovation)
  • Low-energy: buildings consuming about half of the energy of a new building
  • Passive: buildings consuming a quarter or less of the energy of a new building
  • Chinese green building system: [4] [5]

Impact of renovations

Energy saving potential of different renovations(%,kWh/m2/a)
ObsEfficiencyBuilding2RenovationRelativeAbsoluteRenovation detailsDescription
1OldResidentialWindows1525New windows and doorsPöyry 2011
2OldResidentialTechnical systems5075New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systemsPöyry 2011
3OldResidentialSheath reform65100New windows, sealing of building's sheath, improvement of building's technical systems, significant reform of building's sheathPöyry 2011
4OldNon-residentialGeneral15-General renovationPöyry 2011
5OldNone00Renovation not done
6NewNone00Renovation not done
7Low-energyNone00Renovation not done
8PassiveNone00Renovation not done

Regulations regarding energy consumption of buildings

Maximum allowed energy consumption per unit (= E-value)(kWh/m2/a)
ObsBuildingYearE-valueDescription
1Detached houses2012 forward204Heated net area <120 m2; Finland´s Environmental Administration
2Row houses2012 forward150Finland´s Environmental Administration
3Apartment houses2012 forward130Finland´s Environmental Administration
4Shops and other commercial buildings2012 forward240Finland´s Environmental Administration
5Offices2012 forward170Finland´s Environmental Administration
6Health and social sector: Hospitals2012 forward450Finland´s Environmental Administration
7Health and social sector: Health care centers etc.2012 forward170Finland´s Environmental Administration
8Public2012 forward240Finland´s Environmental Administration
9Sports2012 forward170Does not apply to swimming- and ice halls; Finland´s Environmental Administration
10Educational2012 forward170Finland´s Environmental Administration
11Industrial2012 forward-E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration
12Leisure buildings2012 forward-E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration
13Other2012 forward-E-value must be calculated but there´s no limit for it; Finland´s Environmental Administration

Calculations for ovariables

+ Show code

See also

Keywords

References

  1. Pöyry 2011: Kuopion kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen vähentämismahdollisuudet v 2020 mennessä. [1]
  2. Energiapolar/Arvioi sähkönkulutus[2]
  3. Energiatehokaskoti.fi/Öljylämmitys[3]

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