Revision as of 09:15, 1 April 2015

Homework 1:

⇤# : You should use the {{#l:}} structure only when you want to make links to files. --Jouni (talk) 11:07, 22 March 2015 (UTC) --# : Corrected --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 09:44, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

• What is shared understanding?

⇤# : You must not use spaces between ' otherwise they will not be used for formatting. The same applies to : and * formatting in the beginning of line. --Jouni (talk) 11:07, 22 March 2015 (UTC) --# : Corrected --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 09:44, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

In open policy practices for decision making, Shared understanding is the situation when all participants can understand what decision options are considered, what outcomes are of interest, what objectives are pursued, what facts, opinions and disagreements are exist and why they are existing and finally why a particular decision option was selected. Shared understanding does not mean that everyone is agreed with the selected option, but it means that everyone understands the whole picture. So the idea of shared understanding is to make all the participants understand the problem to come up with an integrated selected solution and inform everybody about this solution.

--# : If you use a single enter between paragraphs, it will be considered as a space instead. For a new paragraph, use two enters. --Jouni (talk) 11:07, 22 March 2015 (UTC) --# : corrected --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 09:44, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

• What are co-creation skills?

Co-creation skills and facilitation which is sometimes also called interactional expertise are the capabilities that are needed in an open policy practice. Co-creation skills are needed to manage the decision making process to produce good, informed decision and ultimately good outcome. Co- creation skills and facilitation is not a method of its own but rather a collection of skills that are needed to execute and manage an open decision process in practice. Some of these skills are: encouragement, synthesis, open data and modelling.

• What is open assessment?

Open assessment is a method for making impact assessments where anyone can participate and contribute. Most open assessments have been made in Opasnet which is a wiki based web workspace specially designed for this purpose. The open assessment method has been developed in the national institute for health and welfare in Finland originally for proving guidance in complex environmental health problems. It has been applied on air pollution and pollutants in fish until now. format User:Mohammad Shahidehnia

--# : If you make a link to the same page, it will be shown as bold instead of a link (because the link would go to where you already are). --Jouni (talk) 11:07, 22 March 2015 (UTC) --# : Corrected --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 09:47, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

Homework2 :

Table and Chart:

R code

The example code below prints out the user selected values for variables a,b,c and d. Press the 'Run code'-button to execute.

# Print out the variable values
a
b
c
d
e

Homework 3:

• Question 1: When we are editing and something goes wrong, How is it possible to undo ?
• Question 2: When we respond to the teachers comments, Do we need to clean them or leave them for cheking ?

Homework 4:

--# : Add categories and moderator above. --Jouni (talk) 13:52, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

Scope

Question

Is this right that citizens of Ahvaz city are more at risk of having respiratory problems such as allergic reactions, asthma, cronic obstractive heart diseases or even different kind of cancer?

--# : Try to think of a more precise question. It should be something that can be answered within a reasonable time and such that you can evaluate whether you have answered the question properly. --Jouni (talk) 13:52, 30 March 2015 (UTC)--# : Corrected --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 09:48, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

Intended use and users

Ahvaz city inhabitants.

⇤# : You don't do assessments for yourselves. There must be some outside user, like city administration. Try to think who would or should use this IF this was actually performed. --Jouni (talk) 13:52, 30 March 2015 (UTC)--# : Corrected --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 09:52, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

Participants

Paula Maatela / Mohammad Shahidehnia

--# : Would some extra hands help your work? From whom? --Jouni (talk) 13:52, 30 March 2015 (UTC)←# : No, this will be done based on the web information that we can collect --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 09:55, 31 March 2015 (UTC) --# : corrected --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 09:55, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

Boundaries

Decisions and scenarios

Ahvaz has the world's worst air pollution according to a survey by the World Health Organization in 2011. One of the crucial measures of dangerous air pollution is the amount and number of small particles in the air. These particles are smaller than 10 mictometers which are identified as PM10.

Timing

Answer

Results

Mechanically produced particles: Wind blown dust,Sea salt droplets, pollens, Volcanic eruption, Traffic related road dust, Dusts from industries and energy plants. EU25 in 2000:  350 000 premature deaths are caused by PM 2.5.The air quality in Ahwaz, Iran, in other words, is over five times as bad as the air the typical person breathes. These particlulate matters are causes of respiratory ilnesses, asthma, even cancer.
Increased diseases in Ahvaz city in compare with other cities of the country: 
*Inflammation: respiratory tract, blood circulation, heart, brain (PM, O3) 
*Increased blood coagulation: arterial thrombosis, worsening of coronary arterial disease (PM) 
*Influences on autonomic nervous system: respiratory symptoms and reduced lung functions (PM, O3, SO2, NO2, VOC), disturbance of cardiac rhythm (PM) 
*DNA-damage in respiratory epithelial cells: increased risk of lung cancer (e.g. PAHs, As, Ni, Cr and Cd in PM)

Conclusions

Who are susceptible to air pollution? 
*Fetus, newborns and young children ( 5 years of age). 
*Asthmatic subjects at all ages (inhaled glucocortico-steroids have greatly reduced mortality). 
*Elderly (>65-year-old) subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or coronary arterial disease. 
*Diabetes, genetic factors, poor nutritional status, poorly treated chronic disease etc. can increase individual susceptibility.

Rationale

Upload a causal diagram and change the right name here.

Stakeholders

Over 1,432,965 inhabitants, in 796,239 families are living in Ahvaz.

Dependencies

The problem solving is pretty much depend on the team working between Iraq and Iran to control the dust wind coming from Iraq ti Iran.

Analyses

WHO air quality guidelines 2000 - 1: 
*Recommendations for the management of outdoor and indoor pollutant-induced health risks given as guidelines: 
*The highest ”low-risk” pollutant concentrations for non-carcinogenic substances at selected, critical averaging times (e.g. 1-h, 8-h, 24-h, one year) to prevent short-term peak exposures and long-term exposures, and their health outcomes (18 pollutants in WHO 2000 & WHO 2005) 
*Guidelines for 30-min average concentration of pollutants causing acute sensory effects or annoyance reactions (6 pollutants in WHO 2000)
WHO air quality guidelines 2000 - 2 
Linear unit risk assessment for a lifetime exposure to a theoretical equal mass concentration (1 g/m3) of airborne carcinogenic substances to prevent cancer, most often in the respiratory tract but with some substances also in other target organs: 
*A unit risk of 10-4 for a toxic substance means 100 extra cancer cases in a population of 1 million people exposed to a lifetime pollutant concentration of 1 g/m3. 
*If in a real-life situation the annual concentration of this toxic substance is 10 ng/m3, the estimated risk is only 1 extra cancer case per 1 million people exposed to this concentration for a lifetime. 
*Similarly, the estimated risk is only 1 extra cancer case at the toxic substance concentration of 1 g/m3, if the exposed population is only 10000 people.

Indices

Calculations

Coarse thoracic particles (PM10-2.5; diameter 2.5-10m): 
Mainly road dust containing soil minerals, biological material (pollens, plant debris) and microbial material (bacteria, spores, endotoxins); deposit mainly to trachea and larger bronchi; quick removal by mucociliary clearance (hours-days).

See also

Keywords

Ahvaz, Ahvaz pollution,

References

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahvaz {{attack|# |Using references in HW2 means that you know how to use the <nowiki><ref<</ref> tag.|--Jouni (talk) 13:52, 30 March 2015 (UTC)}}

--# : Corrected --Mohammad Shahidehnia (talk) 10:04, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

• WHO; EU Clean Air for Europe, CAFE 2005</ref>

• <nowiki>http://motherboard.vice.com
• WHO; EU Clean Air for Europe, CAFE 2005</ref>