Difference between revisions of "BIOHER assessment"

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Health and climate impacts of heat production in small municipalities (BIOHER)

This is assessment page of Bioher. Bioher is a research project coordinated by National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). The duration is 2008-2011. Project includes five subprojects with 1) measurement of PM and greenhouse gas emissions, 2) chemical characterization and assessment of atmospheric thermal impact of emitted PM, 3) toxicological characterization of emitted PM, 4) assessment of exposure to and health effects of current residential wood combustion, 5) assessment of health risks.

This assessment page includes scope, definition, and result of health risk assessment of fine particles of four residential heating scenarios/decisions. Main study questions are:

• How human risks differs between four heating scenarios/decisions?
• What are the costs of emissions and health effects due to different heating scenarios/decisions?
• What are climate change impacts of PM emissions and health effects due to CC?

The Analytica model can be accessed here

Scope

Purpose

The purpose is to evaluate PM2.5 and green house gas (GHG) emissions of detached houses and small heating power plant, to assess exposure and health effects due to evaluated emissions and to define emission, heating and health effect costs. Assessment is going to compare four alternative ways to arrange decentralised energy production in communities with 2000 - 10000 inhabitants: light oil and pellets as fuel of detached houses and heavy oil and wood chips as fuel of small heating plants. In addition, environmental effects i.e. climate change (CC) of PM2.5 and GHG emissions is assessed with this model.

Questions:

• What would be the health effects of PM2.5 emissions of small power plant and individual houses in small living area (2000- 10000 inh.)?
• What are GHG emissions of individual houses and small power plant and how emissions effect on CC?
• What are the costs of different alternatives?
• What is the optimal decision to produce energy and heat to houses?

Boundaries

• Energy production (single house and small energy plant level)
• Population (2000-10000 inh.)
• Exposure for PM2.5
• ER-functions for PM2.5
• PM2.5 emissions (->health effects)
• PM2.5 climate effect (-> health effects)
• Household heating scenarios:
  • Heavy/ light oil, wood chips, pellets
• Atmospheric thermal impact
• DALY

• Impacts:
  • Premature mortality
  • Costs

Scenarios

Scenarios include two different fuel types of energy production in detached houses and small power plant:

Detached houses

• light oil
• pellets

Small power plant

• heavy oil
• wood chips

Intended users

• City-level policy-makers in all sectors in Kuopio as well as everywhere else
• International policy-makers related climate change
• Policy-makers related health risks of fine particles and green house gases
• General public
• Scientists working on health risks of fine particles, green house gases and climate change
• Other interested of topic

Participants

• Assessment and Modelling Unit of THL
  • Jouni (as researcher in charge)
  • Pauliina
  • Virpi (CLAIH)
  • Pasi (Emissions)
  • Marko (role?)
  • Other researchers related Bioher -project

Definition

Variables

Decision

• Decisions of citizen level between different heating systems
  • District heating system (emissions from small power plant -> decisions of society level)
  • Domestic combustion with pellets or heavy oil
• Decisions of society level
  • Heating systems of households (distribution of district heating system)
  • Fuel type of energy production (heavy oil/wood chips)
  • Building stock (energy efficiency of buildings)

Building stock

• Detached buildings with own heating system
• Building with district heating system
  • Fuel type
  • Volume/area
  • Energy efficiency
  • Need of energy
  • Heating consumption of buildings is the same as need of energy for heating?
    • Heating consumption of the buildings (kW/m2/year)
    • Thermal energy for warm tap water

Emission

• Emissions of domestic combustion
• Emissions of small power plant
  • Emission factors for burning processes

Exposure

• Population
• iF
• Breathing rate
• Concentration of PM2.5

Exposure-response (ER) function

• Long-term effects of exposure to PM2.5
  • Cardiovascular ER (mortality/morbidity)
  • Respiratory ER (mortality/morbidity)
  • Cancer ER?
  • Asthma ER
  • Hospital admissions

Health effect

• Mortality/morbidity of population (2000-10000inh) caused by PM2.5 emissions of domestic heating production expressed as number of incidents
  • Cardiovascular effects
  • Respiratory health effects
  • Cancer?
  • Total premature mortality

• • Asthma incidences
  • Hospital admissions

Expenses

• Costs of energy production
• Costs of health effects

Climate change effect

• Positive effect (warming)
  • CO2
  • CH4
  • N2O
  • CFC
  • NOx?
  • H2O?
• Negative effect (cool down)
  • PM2.5
  • Albedo (soil surface, snow, clouds)

Analyses

• Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses
• value-of-information (VOI) analysis

Result

Conclusions

See also

• Bioher project page
• CLAIH assessment
• Bioher stakeholder meeting 2009
• Assessment on impacts of emission trading on city-level (ET-CL)