Energy transformations

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Question

What are the typical energy processes in different Urgenche cities? Processes are events where energy if converted from one form to another or one use to another.

Answer

Energy transformations(-)

Obs	Transformation	Process	Use	Fuel	Unit	Amount	Description
1	Traffic biofuel production	Production	Input	Renewables and waste	MWh	1
2	Traffic biofuel production	Production	Output	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
3	Traffic fuel production	Import	Input	Crude oil	MWh	1
4	Traffic fuel production	Production	Output	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
5	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plant	Input	Crude oil	ton	0.18	Peat contains 18 % of crude oil because peat does not burn well alone.
6	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plant	Input	Coal and peat	ton	0.82	Peat
7	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plant	Output	Heat	MWh	2.88	Outputs divide into heat and power, and the ratio depends on local situations
8	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plant	Output	Electricity	MWh	1.84
9	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plant	Output	PM2.5	g	300
10	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plant	Output	CO2e	ton	1.87
11	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plant	Output	Ash	ton	0.05
12	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plant	Input	Coal and peat	ton	1
13	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plant	Output	Heat	MWh	2.88	Outputs divide into heat and power, and the ratio depends on local situations. Output 0.61*17 kJ/g*1Mg/ton/3.6 ks = 2.88 MWh
14	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plant	Output	Electricity	MWh	1.84	Output 0.39*17 kJ/g*1Mg/ton/3.6 ks = 1.84 MWh
15	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plant	Output	PM2.5	g	300
16	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plant	Output	CO2e	ton	0
17	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plant	Output	CO2a	ton	2.33
18	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plant	Output	Ash	ton	0.05
19	Oil refinery	Import	Input	Crude oil	MWh	1
20	Oil refinery	Road traffic	Output	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
21	Transportation	Road traffic	Input	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
22	Transportation	Road traffic	Output	CO2e	ton	0.32	3.13 ton CO2e/toe / (35 MJ/kgoe * 1000 kgoe/toe * (1 Wh /3600 J)) = 0.32 ton CO2/MWh gasoline
23	Other petrochemical energy	Import	Input	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
24	Other petrochemical energy	Other energy consumption	Output	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
25	Small-scale wood burning	Heating	Input	Renewables and waste	MWh	1
26	Small-scale wood burning	Heating	Output	Heat	MWh	1
27	Electricity consumption	CHP plant	Input	Electricity	MWh	1
28	Electricity consumption	Other energy consumption	Output	Electricity	MWh	1
29	Savon Sellu	Production	Input	Renewables and waste	MWh	1
30	Savon Sellu	Other energy consumption	Output	Renewables and waste	MWh	1
31	Electric heating	CHP plant	Input	Electricity	MWh	1
32	Electric heating	Heating	Output	Heat	MWh	1
33	District heating	CHP plant	Input	Heat	MWh	1
34	District heating	Heating	Output	Heat	MWh	1

• CHP = Combined heat and power
• CO2e = CO2 equivalents. This is the official number which assumes that bioenergy CO2 is absorbed and the net emission is thus 0.
• CO2a = CO2 additional emission. This does not assume absorption but estimates the direct CO2 emission, additional to CO2e.

Rationale

Energy transformations describe energy flows between cells in an energy balance sheet. For example, see op_fi:Energiatase/Kuopio.

Numbers are just rough placeholders at the moment.

Mid Value of wood heater PM2.5 Emission factor:

Source	Wood heater EMF (mg/MJ)
Manual with Accumulator	87.28
Manual Without Accumulator	763
Auto feed wood cheep boiler	54.59
auto feed pollet boiler	32.19
Irone Stove	763
Masonry heater	90
Open Fireplace	872.8

Domestic heat production PM2.5 EMF

Source	Amount (mg/MJ)
Oil	2
Pellet	32.19
Wood Boiler	266.8
Local district, oil	0
Local district, wood	0
Electricity	0
Geothermal	0
Current district	0
Secondary wood	90
Air heat pump	0

Mid value of PM2.5 emission (mg/a)

Time Line	50 MW	20-50 MW	Less than 20	Domestic
2010	0	0	0	37.39G
2015	0	0	0	37.18G
2020	0	0	0	36.97G
2025	0	0	0	36.76
2030	0	0	0	36.56
2035	0	0	0	36.35
Totals	0	0	0	221.2G

CO₂ Emission factor:

Mid value of Fuel CO₂ EMF (g/kWh)

Source	g/kWh
Oil	279
Natural gas	202
Peat	382
Coal	341
Wood	0
Bio	0
Other	301

Mid Value of Heat production CO₂ EMF (CO₂-ekv g/kWh)

Source	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030	2035
Oil	279	279	279	279	279	279
Pellet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wood boiler	0	0	0	0	0	0
Local district, oil	279	279	279	279	279	279
Local district, wood	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity	160.4	155.3	150.2	147.1	144.1	144.1
Geothermal	160.4	155.3	150.2	147.1	144.1	144.1
Current district	271.3	269.5	267.7	256.8	246	246
Secondary wood	0	0	0	0	0	0
Air heat pump	160.4	155.3	150.2	147.1	144.1	144.1
Totals	1310	1293	1276	1256	1236	1236

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