Selected exposures and health effects
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Selected exposures and health effects
This chapter presents, for each stressor, the health effects included in our analyses, exposure response functions that were used and the exposure data. Table 3-19 presents an overview of the selected environmental stressors, health endpoints, exposure-response functions and methods used. An overview of exposure data used for each stressor is given in Table 3-20.
1 Selection criteria
1.1 Environmental stressors
We aimed to study the burden of disease in the general population associated with stressors in the physical environment. Occupational hazards and risks associated with lifestyles (e.g. alcohol use, active smoking, nutrition), as well as infectious diseases, were excluded from the assessment.
Four criteria were defined for selection of environmental stressors to be included in the study:
• Public health impact;
• High individual risk;
• High political or public concern;
• Economic significance.
In addition, the selection was affected by the feasibility of the calculation. Therefore, we also considered:
• availability of exposure data
• availability of evidence-based exposure response function(s)
• availability of baseline health statistics.
Discussion among environmental health experts as represented in the EBoDE working group selected the environmental stressors based on these selection criteria. A first list of stressors was divided into two parts:
• a high priority list of stressors, which either scored high on many of the criteria and/or which were relatively easy to calculate
• a medium priority list of stressors.
| High priority list of environmental stressors |
|---|
| Benzene |
| Dioxins (including furans and dioxin like PCBs) |
| Second-hand smoke (SHS) |
| Formaldehyde |
| Lead |
| Transport noise |
| Ozone |
| Particulate matter |
| Radon |
| Medium priority list of environmental stressors |
|---|
| 1,2-Dichloroethane |
| Accidents - domestic |
| Accidents - traffic |
| Acrylamide |
| Arsenic |
| Chlorination by-products |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) |
| Damp housing |
| Foodborn epidemics |
| Indoor insecticides |
| Methyl mercury |
| UV radiation |
| Waterborne epidemics |
