Difference between revisions of "ERF of omega-3 fatty acids"
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<t2b index="Exposure agent,Trait,Response metric,Exposure route,Exposure metric,Exposure unit,ERF parameter,Observation" locations="Threshold,ERF" desc="Description" unit="-"> | <t2b index="Exposure agent,Trait,Response metric,Exposure route,Exposure metric,Exposure unit,ERF parameter,Observation" locations="Threshold,ERF" desc="Description" unit="-"> | ||
| − | DHA| | + | DHA|Child's intelligence|Change in IQ points|Placenta|Maternal intake|mg/kg bw/day|ERS bw|0|0.07 +- 0.01|Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013; Standard deviation |
| − | DHA| | + | DHA|Child's IQ|Change in IQ points|Placenta|Maternal intake|g/day|ERS|0|0.8-1.8|Cohen et al. 2005 according to Zeilmaker 2013 |
| − | Omega3| | + | Omega3|Coronary heart disease|Mortality|Ingestion|Intake from fish|mg/day EPA+DHA|RR|0|0.9980 +- 0.000396|Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 slope = -0.002, SD = exp(-0.002)-exp(-0.002+3.97E-4) |
Omega3|CHD|Arrythmia mortality|Ingestion|Intake from fish|mg/day EPA+DHA|Relative Hill|200|-0.3|Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006 | Omega3|CHD|Arrythmia mortality|Ingestion|Intake from fish|mg/day EPA+DHA|Relative Hill|200|-0.3|Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006 | ||
Fish|Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)|Prevalence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|≥3 times/week vs. <1/month|RR|0|0.74 (0.54 - 1.01)|Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI | Fish|Subclinical brain infarct (one or more)|Prevalence|Ingestion|Intake of tuna/other fish|≥3 times/week vs. <1/month|RR|0|0.74 (0.54 - 1.01)|Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI | ||
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Question
What is the exposure-response function (ERF) of omega-3 fatty acids on several health end points?
Answer
Rationale
Data
| Obs | Exposure agent | Trait | Response metric | Exposure route | Exposure metric | Exposure unit | ERF parameter | Threshold | ERF | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DHA | Child's intelligence | Change in IQ points | Placenta | Maternal intake | mg/kg bw/day | ERS bw | 0 | 0.07 +- 0.01 | Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013; Standard deviation |
| 2 | DHA | Child's IQ | Change in IQ points | Placenta | Maternal intake | g/day | ERS | 0 | 0.8-1.8 | Cohen et al. 2005 according to Zeilmaker 2013 |
| 3 | Omega3 | Coronary heart disease | Mortality | Ingestion | Intake from fish | mg/day EPA+DHA | RR | 0 | 0.9980 +- 0.000396 | Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 slope = -0.002, SD = exp(-0.002)-exp(-0.002+3.97E-4) |
| 4 | Omega3 | CHD | Arrythmia mortality | Ingestion | Intake from fish | mg/day EPA+DHA | Relative Hill | 200 | -0.3 | Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006 |
| 5 | Fish | Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) | Prevalence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | ≥3 times/week vs. <1/month | RR | 0 | 0.74 (0.54 - 1.01) | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
| 6 | Fish | Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct | Prevalence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | RR | 0 | 0.93 (0.88 - 0.994) | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
| 7 | Fish | Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) | Incidence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | ≥3 times/week vs. <1/month | RR | 0 | 0.56 (0.30 - 1.07) | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
| 8 | Fish | Any incident subclinical brain infarct | Incidence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | RR | 0 | 0.89 (0.78 - 0.993) | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
| 9 | Fish | Status of cerebral white matter | Grade score | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | ERS | 0 | 0.038 | Virtanen et al. 2008; 95% CI |
- ERF publications
| Exposure agent | Trait | Response metric | Exposure route | Exposure metric | Exposure unit | ERF parameter | Threshold | ERF | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DHA | Child´s IQ | Change in IQ points | Placenta | Maternal intake | mg/kg bw/day | ERS | 0 | 0.07(±0.01) | Cohen et al. 2005; Gradowska 2013 |
| Omega3 | CHD | Δlog(CHD mortality rate) | Ingestion | Intake from fish | mg/day EPA+DHA | ERS | 0 | -0.002 (±3.97E-4) | Mozaffarian and Rimm 2006; Gradowska 2013 |
| Fish | Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) | Prevalence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | =3 times/week vs. <1/month | RR | 0 | 0.74(0.54-1.01) | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
| Fish | Any prevalent subclinical brain infarct | Prevalence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | Decrease in RR % | 0 | 7(0.6-12) | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
| Fish | Subclinical brain infarct (one or more) | Incidence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | =3 times/week vs. <1/month | RR | 0 | 0.56(0.30-1.07) | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
| Fish | Any incident subclinical brain infarct | Incidence | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | Decrease in RR % | 0 | 11(0.7-22) | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
| Fish | Status of cerebral white matter | Grade score | Ingestion | Intake of tuna/other fish | Each one serving per week | Increase in grade score % | 0 | 3.8 | Virtanen et al. 2008 |
Exposure-response of fish oil intake for MI risk in adults is indexed by variable age. It applies to age categories > 18 years.
The study by Cohen et al. 2005 [1] estimates that increasing maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake by 100 mg/day increases child's IQ by 0.13 points D↷. This value represents central estimate while the upper and lower bound for this ERF is 0.08 and 0.18. Triangular distribution is used.
In a recent study, 3660 over 65-year-old individuals were monitored for five years, and the change in small brain infarctions was observed by magnetic resonance imageing. The infaction risk was 25 % lower in those who ate at least three portions of omega-3-rich fish meals per week, and 13 % lower in those who ate one meal per week. [2]
Fernandez-Jarne et al. [3] examined the relationship between intake of fish and n-3 PUFA and the risk of first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a low risk population from Navarre (Spain). They found that the n-3 PUFA intake has a protective effect on AMI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the second and third tertile of n-3 PUFA intake were 0.44 (95% Cl, 0.21-0.91) and 0.47 (95% Cl, 0.22-1.00), respectively. The trend test was not statistically significant. D↷
Mozaffarian and Rimm [4] estimated that at intakes between 0 and 250 mg/d, the relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) death is lower by 14.6% (95% CI: 8% to 21%) per each 100 mg/d of EPA and DHA intake and that at higher intakes ( > 250 mg/d) the risk reduction is 0.0% (95% CI: -0.9% to 0.8%) per each 100 mg/d.
The ERF of omega-3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA) intake from fish (in unit of mg/kg bw-day) on the CHD mortality is estimated based on information provided in [4]. First, the central estimate and the 95% CI for the change (in this case decrease) in natural logarithm of relative risk (RR) of CHD mortality per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake (in unit of mg/day) in both intake intervals were derived. In general, the relationship between the percent change in RR (%RR) associated with c-unit increase in omega-3 fatty acids intake and the incremental change in lnRR (beta) per unit change in omega-3 fatty acids intake is beta = (1/c)*ln((%RR/100)+1). Normal distribution was chosen to describe the uncertainty in the parameter of the log-linear model for RR in each intake interval. For intake of EPA+DHA between 0 and 250 mg/day the mean and the standard deviation of parameter distribution are -0.0016 and 0.0004, for higher intakes 0 and 0.0005. Then, the distribution of ERF of omega-3 fatty acids intake from fish in units of mg/kg bw-day was obtained by multiplying ERFs of omega-3 fatty acids intake measured in mg/day by the body weight of adult.
- Unit
- lnRR/ 1 (mg/kg bw-day) change in EPA+DHA intake from fish
- Beneris distributions
- For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish between 0 and 250 mg/day: N(-0.0016,0.0004)*BW
- For intakes of EPA+DHA from fish higher than 250 mg/day: N(0,0.0005)*BW
Calculations
See also
- ERF of methyl mercury
- A press release from the University of Kuopio (in Finnish)
- Reviews by Henna Karvonen in Beneris:
- Impact of fish consumption on nutrient intakes
- Cardiovascular dose-responses of fish consumption
- Mental health dose-responses of fish consumption
- Immunological disease dose-responses of fish consumption
- Diabetes and glucose dose-responses of fish consumption
- Developmental dose-responses of fish consumption
- Cancer dose-responses of fish consumption
- Bone dose-responses of fish consumption
- All-cause mortality dose-response of fish consumption
References
- ↑ Cohen, J.T., PhD, Bellinger, D.C, PhD, W.E., MD, Bennett A., and Shaywitz B.A. 2005b. A Quantitative Analysis of Prenatal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cognitive Development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005;29(4):366–374).
- ↑ Fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults Jyrki K. Virtanen, David S. Siscovick, Will T. Longstreth, Lewis H. Kuller, Dariush Mozaffarian Neurology 2008;71:439–446.
- ↑ Fernandez-Jarne E, Garrido FA, Gutierrez AA, Arrillaga CDF, Martinez-Gonzales MA. Dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. (In Spanish) 2002;118:121–5.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mozaffarian D., Rimm E.B., Fish intake, contaminants, and human health. Evaluating the risks and the benefits. (Reprinted) JAMA, 2006. Vol 296, No. 15
